Abstract: This invention relates to a novel microorganism capable of oxidizing manganese such as the genus Cedecea bacterium GSJ/MITA24A/ASHO-RO/1, the genus Aeromonas bacterium GSJ/MITA24B/ASHO-RO/2, or the genus Shewanella bacterium GSJ/MITA24C/ASHO-RO/3; to a method for removing manganese from water containing manganese, which comprises contacting the water containing manganese with a microbial symbiont of algae and one or more microorganisms capable of oxidizing manganese to oxidize and precipitate the manganese, thereby removing the manganese from the water; and to a method of recycling the recovered manganese.

Abstract: The Group III-V compound semiconductor manufacturing method which pertains to the present invention is a semiconductor manufacturing method employing epitaxy which comprises (a) a step in which growing areas are produced using a mask patterned on a substrate surface and (b) a step in which a Group III-V compound semiconductor layer is grown in the growing areas while forming facet structures. As epitaxy is continued, adjacent facet structures come into contact so that the surface of the semiconductor layer becomes planarized. Since lattice defects extend towards the facet structures, they do not extend towards the surface of the semiconductor layer. Accordingly, the number of lattice defects in the vicinity of the semiconductor layer surface is reduced.

Abstract: In a television signal transmitting and receiving apparatus, a digitally coded television signal, such as an MPEG2-Video stream, is transmitted, and an accounting level requested by the use is input to the receiver, whereby the decoding coefficient at decoding in an MPEG2-Video decoder is varied to obtain n image having a resolution according to the accounting level. In this apparatus, it is possible to offer a service with a resolution according to the accounting level.

Abstract: A television receiver receiving an analog video signal, comprises additional information detecting means for separating and extracting an additional information code from the analog video signal, and outputting the additional information code; additional information recording means for recording the additional information code output from the additional information detecting means; additional information writing switch means for passing or blocking the additional information code that is output from the additional information detecting means toward the additional information recording means, in response to a control signal; conversion means for converting the additional information code output from the additional information detecting means or the additional information code reproduced from the additional information recording means into a character or an image; and signal synthesizing means for synthesizing the analog video signal and the additional information that has been converted into a character or an

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device by using a sapphire substrate, a nitrogen-based semiconductor thick film is deposited on the sapphire substrate by VPE and is left without any cracks by etching the sapphire substrate by an etchant. The nitrogen-based semiconductor thick film serves as a substrate for manufacturing the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A GaN crystal film having a mask patterned in a stripe for forming multiple growing areas on a sapphire substrate and coalesced GaN crystals covering the mask dividing the areas, grown from the neighboring growing areas, comprising defects where multiple dislocations along with the stripe are substantially aligned with the normal line of the substrate, in the crystal areas over the mask, and dislocations propagating in substantially parallel with the substrate surface while, in the vicinity of the areas where the crystals are coalesced over the mask, propagating substantially in the normal line of the substrate surface, and a manufacturing process therefor. According to this invention, there can be provided a GaN crystal film in which strain, defects and dislocations are reduced and which tends not to generate cracks.

Abstract: An abrasive sheet has an abrasive particle layer formed on a surface of a thin flexible resin film. The abrasive sheet is produced by the steps of preparing a releasable film, forming a thin flexible resin film layer on a release agent applied surface of the releasable film and forming an abrasive particle layer on an upper surface of the resin film layer. Thereafter, the resin film having the abrasive particle layer formed thereon is removed from the releasable film, and the resin film having the abrasive particle layer formed thereon is cut into any suitable size. The abrasive sheet can provide higher polishing power during the polishing operation, but it polishes a surface while tracing or following any orange peel on the surface. Therefore, the abrasive sheet is effective for use as the polishing tool that can replace the fine compound buffing process currently utilized in the automobile repairing industry.

Abstract: An abrasive sheet has an abrasive particle layer formed on a surface of a thin flexible resin film. The abrasive sheet is produced by the steps of preparing a releasable film, forming a thin flexible resin film layer on a release agent applied surface of the releasable film and forming an abrasive particle layer on an upper surface of the resin film layer. Thereafter, the resin film having the abrasive particle layer formed thereon is removed from the releasable film, and the resin film having the abrasive particle layer formed thereon is cut into any suitable size. The abrasive sheet can provide higher polishing power during the polishing operation, but it polishes a surface while tracing or following any orange peel on the surface. Therefore, the abrasive sheet is effective for use as the polishing tool that can replace the fine compound buffing process currently utilized in the automobile repairing industry.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of growing 4 gallium nitride-based crystal by vapor phase epitaxy, suitable for mass production, without the necessity of thermal processing after completion of the crystal growth. The temperature of the substrate crystal immediately after completion of the crystal growth is 700.degree. C. or higher, and cooling of the substrate crystal at 700.degree. C. or lower after completion of the crystal growth is performed in an atmosphere of a hydrogen-fee carrier gas.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device is comprised of an input interface, a PLL unit, a processing unit and an output interface. The input interface operates in response to an external clock signal for sequentially receiving input data in synchronization with an external synchro signal. The PLL unit includes an internal clock source operative in phase-locked manner according to the external synchro signal for generating an internal clock signal which is faster than the external clock signal. The processing unit operates in response to the internal clock signal for sequentially processing the input data. The output interface operates in response to the external synchro signal for sequentially outputting the processed data in synchronization with the external synchro signal.

Abstract: An optical disk recording device capable of recording data by projecting, laser pulse on a disk such as a CD-WO disk on which time information such as ATIP data or address information used for writing is previously recorded while controlling drive of a spindle for rotating the disk by using the information for writing includes a synchronizing signal detection circuit for detecting a synchronizing signal such as an ATIP synchronizing signal from a signal read from the disk, a clock generation circuit for generating a clock from the read out signal by locking PLL (phase lock loop), a counter for counting the clock generated by the clock generation circuit during a period between respective synchronizing signals detected by the synchronizing signal detection circuit, and a slip detection circuit for detecting a slip in the PLL of the clock generation circuit when a count of the counter differs from a predetermined value.

Abstract: EFM input signal is received via an EFM input interface. Recording-timing adjustment data is received via a computer interface from a computer and stored in a register. To obtain EFM output signal having its pulse duration controlled on the basis of the EFM input signal and the record-timing adjustment data, there are further provided a clock signal generation circuit for generating clock signal by a phase-locked-loop arrangement based on a crystal oscillator, a first pair of counter and comparator driven by the clock signal to determine the pulse duration of a signal to be written, a second pair of counter and comparator that is driven by the clock signal and responsive to the output from the comparator of the first pair to start counting so as to determine a pulse duration to be adjusted, and a flip flop that is reset by the output from the comparator to provide an EFM output signal having a controlled pulse duration.

Abstract: In an epitaxial growth of a group III-V compound semiconductor crystal, there is provided a substrate on which group III element halide molecules are adsorbed. A beam of group V element hydride molecules is supplied toward the substrate for reaction of the group V element hydride and the group III element halide. The vibration energy of each of group V element hydride molecules is excited in the beam and the orientation of the group V element hydride molecules is aligned. As a result, the supplied group V atom directly combines with the group III atom.

Abstract: Epitaxial growth is carried out to form crystal such as GaAs, Si, etc. by using GaCl, SiCl.sub.2, etc. In the epitaxial growth, Cl atoms are left on the crystal growth surface. The Cl atoms are removed in the form of HCl molecules by vibrationally-excited H.sub.2 molecules.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a television tuner capable of receiving television broadcasting, CATV and satellite broadcasting. The television tuner includes a double superheterodyne tuner for receiving television signals, having an up-converter, a down-converter and a coupler for coupling the up-converter and down-converter, and the television tuner also includes a BS second mixer portion and a FM demodulator, for receiving signals from a broadcasting satellite. The double superheterodyne tuner, the BS second mixer portion and the FM demodulator are disposed in a housing, a combination of the up-converter and the BS second mixer portion is desiredly separated from the down-converter, the coupler is disposed in a space between the combination and the down-converter, and the FM demodulator is disposed in the remaining space of the housing.

Abstract: A tuner station apparatus includes a first mixer for combining an input signal and a first local oscillation signal, and a second mixer for combining an output of the first mixer and a second local oscillation signal. The first and second local oscillation signals are generated by first and second PLL circuits, respectively. Each of the first and second PLL circuits include a frequency divider, a variable frequency divider, a phase comparator, a low pass filter, and a voltage controlled oscillator. The frequency divider of the first PLL circuit has a higher frequency division ratio than that of the second PLL circuit.

Abstract: A digital filter performs a predetermined arithmetic operation on input digital data inputted thereto in time-series manner by the predetermined first sampling period to thereby generate output digital data corresponding to a second sampling frequency which is N (where N denotes an integral number) times larger than the predetermined first sampling frequency. This digital filter provides a synchronizing signal generating circuit and an operation control circuit. The synchronizing signal generating circuit detects the predetermined first sampling period of the input digital data to thereby generate a synchronizing signal having the second sampling frequency. The operation control circuit is activated by its internal clock which is asynchronous with the input digital data. This operation control circuit starts to perform its operation processes when the synchronizing signal is supplied thereto, thereafter it terminates the operation processes when a predetermined step number is completed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a receiving apparatus which can be used in receiving a satellite broadcast by using a cable television system. The receiving apparatus uses a double-super type converter or tuner (2) having a first frequency-conversion portion (15) and a second frequency-conversion portion (19). A conversion output terminal (G) for feeding a signal to a BS tuner (5) is provided at the output side of the first frequency-conversion portion (15). A BA signal converted into a UHF band or a superhigh band is fed to the first frequency-conversion portion (15) through a cable, so that, after frequency conversion, a BS-IF signal is taken out from the conversion output terminal (G). Thus, the BS-IF signal can be fed to the BS tuner (5) without using any special up-converter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a television receiving tuner for receiving television signals of VHF band/UHF band, a CATV signal, and a satellite television broadcasting signal. As a circuit for receiving the television signals of the VHF band/UHF band and the CATV signal as a first input signal, there is provided a double super type tuner of the up/down converter system including a first local oscillator (6) and a first mixer (5) which construct an up converter and a second local oscillator (10) and a second mixer (9) which construct a down converter. When the satellite television broadcasting signal as a second input signal is received, the first local oscillator (6) and the first mixer (5) in the up converter section are switched by switching circuits (12, 13) and used as a down converter.

Abstract: A digital filter of an FIR (non-recursive) type operating as an oversampling filter in digital signal processing such as for a stereophonic audio device comprises a memory storing impulse response coefficient data, a mantissa data producing circuit for converting the coefficient data to mantissa data, a multiplier for multiplying input data with the mantissa data, an accumulator for accumulating output data of the multiplier, and a bit-shifting circuit for bit-shifting accumulated output data of the accumulator by the number of bits substantially corresponding to the change in the number of bits of exponent data in the coefficient data. The mantissa data is combined with input data in the convolution operation and the exponent data is imparted, in accumulation of multiplied values, by the bit-shifting of the accumulation output data. In one aspect of the invention, the bit-shifting is performed in a decreasing direction starting from the coefficient of the smallest exponent.