Abstract: An inkjet ink set comprising a pre-treatment fixing fluid including calcium-containing crashing agents; at least a co-solvent; one or more surfactants and a balance of water; and, at least, a liquid ink. The liquid ink includes a pigment dispersion, a surfactant, a polyurethane binder, a co-solvent and a balance of water. Also disclosed are and inkjet printing system containing such ink set and the method for printing in such inkjet printing system.

Abstract: The present disclosure refers to an inkjet ink set comprising a black ink with a black pigment, a yellow ink with a yellow pigment, a cyan ink with a cyan pigment and a magenta ink with a magenta pigment, wherein at least one of the ink further contains a polyurethane binder; non-ionic surfactants; humectant solvent; non-volatile glycol ether co-solvent; a polyethylene wax emulsion and a balance of water. The inkjet ink set can also comprise an orange ink, a green ink and/or a violet ink. The present disclosure refers also to a system for printing the ink set described herein.

Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to an ink set, which can include an ink composition and a fixer composition. The ink composition can include from 2 wt % to 8 wt % pigment, from 0.1 wt % to 0.5 wt % dye, from 2 wt % to 10 wt % polyurethane, and an aqueous ink vehicle. The fixer composition can include from 3 wt % to 15 wt % divalent metal salt, and an aqueous fixer vehicle.

Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to aqueous ink compositions, methods of printing on offset coated print media, and printing systems. In one example, the aqueous ink compositions can include from 2 wt % to 5 wt % pigment, from 70 wt % to 95 wt % water, from 1 wt % to 10 wt % binder, from 0.1 wt % to 3 wt % non-ionic surfactant, from 1 wt % to 15 wt % humectant solvent including a hydrophilic group, and from 0.3 wt % to 4.5 wt % non-volatile glycol ether co-solvent having a boiling point of 220 C or greater.

Abstract: A vibration generator causes a carrier to oscillate, rather than the housing of the vibration generator. The vibration generator is placed within the housing, which itself is not induced to oscillate, thus reducing or eliminating undesired noises due to excessive oscillations of the housing. The vibration generator transfers vibrations to the carrier for Petri dishes using at least one connecting element that is arranged between the carrier and the vibration generator. The connecting element protrudes through the wall of the housing and is sealed by a sealing element with respect to the wall.

Abstract: An inkjet ink for an offset coated medium includes: water; a colorant; a binder that is a polyurethane-based dispersion; a co-solvent; and two or more surfactants. A first surfactant has a first hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) value either within a water dispersible range or within a hydrophobic range and a second surfactant has a second HLB value within a hydrophobic range. The combination of the first surfactant and the second surfactant is to adjust a surface tension of the inkjet ink to a value lower than a surface tension of the offset coated medium on which the inkjet ink is to be printed.

Abstract: A pre-treatment fixing fluid for an offset coated medium is disclosed. The pre-treatment fixing fluid includes calcium-containing cationic crashing agents consisting of calcium propionate and calcium nitrate, wherein the calcium propionate is present in an amount ranging from about 0 wt % to about 10 wt %, and wherein the calcium nitrate is present in an amount ranging from about 15 wt % to 0 wt %, both based on the total wt % of the pre-treatment fixing fluid. The pre-treatment fixing further includes a co-solvent, a surfactant, and a balance of water. The surfactant is selected from the group consisting of a first surfactant having a first hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) value within a hydrophobic range and a combination of the first surfactant and a second surfactant having a second HLB value within a water dispersible range.

Abstract: A vibration generator causes a carrier to oscillate, rather than the housing of the vibration generator. The vibration generator is placed within the housing, which itself is not induced to oscillate, thus reducing or eliminating undesired noises due to excessive oscillations of the housing. The vibration generator transfers vibrations to the carrier for Petri dishes using at least one connecting element that is arranged between the carrier and the vibration generator. The connecting element protrudes through the wall of the housing and is sealed by a sealing element with respect to the wall.

Abstract: A method to cleave C—C and C—O bonds in ?-O-4 linkages in lignin or lignin sub-units is described. The method includes oxidizing at least a portion of secondary benzylic alcohol groups in ?-O-4 linkages in the lignin or lignin sub-unit to corresponding ketones and then leaving C—O or C—C bonds in the oxidized lignin or lignin sub-unit by reacting it with an organic carboxylic acid, a salt of an organic carboxylic acids, and/or an ester of an organic carboxylic acids. The method may utilize a metal or metal-containing reagent or proceed without the metal or metal-containing reagent.

Abstract: A method to cleave C—C and C—O bonds in ?-O-4 linkages in lignin or lignin sub-units is described. The method includes oxidizing at least a portion of secondary benzylic alcohol groups in ?-O-4 linkages in the lignin or lignin sub-unit to corresponding ketones and then leaving C—O or C—C bonds in the oxidized lignin or lignin sub-unit by reacting it with an organic carboxylic acid, a salt of an organic carboxylic acids, and/or an ester of an organic carboxylic acids. The method may utilize a metal or metal-containing reagent or proceed without the metal or metal-containing reagent.

Abstract: Described is a method to oxidize lignin or lignin sub-units. The method includes oxidation of secondary benzylic alcohol in the lignin or lignin sub-unit to a corresponding ketone in the presence of unprotected primarily aliphatic alcohol in the lignin or lignin sub-unit. The optimal catalyst system consists of HNO3 in combination with another Brønsted acid, in the absence of a metal-containing catalyst, thereby yielding a selectively oxidized lignin or lignin sub-unit. The method may be carried out in the presence or absence of additional reagents including TEMPO and TEMPO derivatives.

Abstract: Described is a method to oxidize lignin or lignin sub-units. The method includes oxidation of secondary benzylic alcohol in the lignin or lignin sub-unit to a corresponding ketone in the presence of unprotected primarily aliphatic alcohol in the lignin or lignin sub-unit. The optimal catalyst system consists of HNO3 in combination with another Brønsted acid, in the absence of a metal-containing catalyst, thereby yielding a selectively oxidized lignin or lignin sub-unit. The method may be carried out in the presence or absence of additional reagents including TEMPO and TEMPO derivatives.

Abstract: A spindle for a disc drive which can be assembled without the use of adhesives is disclosed. Stator electromagnets are encapsulated in a plastic overmold. The stator is clamped to the base with a clamp spring arrangement. An offset between the stator surface and the base flange is covered by a clamp spring such that binding of the clamp spring by a fastener allows for an adjustable biasing force to secure the stator in place. The magnet and flux shield are attached to the rotor sleeve by an easily positioned retaining ring. An elastic foam washer provides a controlled force to secure the magnet and flux shield in place on the rotor. A second elastic foam washer and a shield provide a controlled biasing force to hold magnetic fluid and magnetic poles to the rotor. Bearings are laser welded to the rotor and the shaft to rotatably mount the rotor about the shaft.

Abstract: A head-arm assembly having a pair of trapezoidal-like shaped coil bobbins for improved torque and moments of inertia in a voice coil motor (VCM) for a disk drive. The VCM includes a magnetic structure that employs three magnet polarity zones having two flux transition zones. The magnetic structure is able to employ relatively thin pole pieces without saturation or leakage. The thin pole pieces permit use of a thicker magnet in the same envelope size. The result is an increased flux density in the air gap of the VCM, giving higher torque and shorter access time. In addition to improving the torque and moments of inertia, the present invention allows use of thicker magnets (thinner pole pieces) and allows the option of using a thinner coil that is wider radially. In another version, an oval-shaped coil may be used for increased effective length when disposed within a magnetic field of a VCM.