Abstract: A method of removing mercury or mercury-containing material from flue gas produced by a coal-burning main furnace includes feeding coal, which contains mercury or mercury-containing material, to a main furnace which produces flue gas. The method further includes feeding the coal to an auxiliary burner which produces a slipstream of flyash, feeding the slipstream of flyash from the auxiliary burner into the flue gas produced by the main furnace, and introducing a mercury-active oxidant to the coal being fed to the auxiliary burner, the combustion air fed to the auxiliary burner, and/or the flyash.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a self-cleaning injector nozzle or other fluid conduit that maintains deposits at a low level by sonic tuning the shock wave generated during fluid flow through that nozzle or conduit. Methods of producing an injector nozzle and a method of cleansing deposits from liquid or gaseous fluids are also disclosed.

Abstract: A hydrocarbonaceous fuel additive, fuel composition, and method all lower both carbon particulate emissions and improve slag properties in combustion systems including, for instance, utility furnaces and boiler systems. The mixed metal catalyst may include a transition metal-containing compound, an alkali metal compound, and a magnesium-containing compound.

Abstract: A method reduces combustion chamber deposit flaking and spark ignited internal combustion engines. The method includes supplying a fuel having an additive that includes a metal-containing compound to a spark ignited internal combustion engine. The metal-containing compound is supplied in an amount effective to reduce combustion chamber deposit flaking. In one example, the metal is manganese and the additive compound is MMT. The reduction or elimination of combustion chamber deposit flaking means a reduction in cold start emissions from the engine.

Abstract: A reduction in the formation or presence of peroxides in middle distillate fuels is obtained through the combination of a hydrocarbon additive with the fuel. Specifically, the middle distillate fuel is blended with one or more oxygenates. The hydrocarbon additive includes a polar function group and a tertiary hydrogen beta to the functional group. Middle distillate fuels incorporating the additive, the additive itself, and methods using the additive all retard the formation of or reduce the presence of peroxides in the fuel. The reduction of peroxides improves the durability of fuels systems elastomers, enhances fuel stability and color durability, and reduces the formation of fuel sediment.

Abstract: A fuel composition and methods for using it for controlling deposit formation in a spark-ignition internal combustion engine, such as a direct injection engine, comprising a spark-ignition fuel, a detergent, and a deposit inhibitor compound.

Abstract: A friction modifier for combustible fuels is provided that is prepared by combining a saturated carboxylic acid and an alkylated amine. Furthermore, there also is an additive concentrate for use in fuels, especially in gasoline for internal combustion engines, comprising (a) a friction modifier comprising of a branched saturated carboxylic acid salt of an alkylated amine, such as n-butylamine isostearate; (b) a detergent package, as well as the combustible fuels containing this additive concentrate. The particular selection of friction modifier (a) enables a stable additive concentrate to be formulated providing a significant benefit in friction loss when incorporated in gasoline used to fuel an internal combustion engine, and hence an improvement in fuel economy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for controlling deposit formation on intake valves while simultaneously exhibiting “no-harm” on combustion chamber deposits in engines by combusting in the engine a fuel composition containing an ethanol content greater than about 5% by volume and a Mannich-base detergent additive. The invention also relates to a high ethanol-content gasoline fuel containing a Mannich-base detergent in an amount effective for improving the reduction of intake valve deposits resulting from the combustion in an engine of the fuel.

Abstract: Powered platforms for various kinds are each characterized by a corresponding measure of fuel economy. Fuel economy credits are provided to a party who contributes a material that effects an improvement in such fuel consumption for a given powered platform. In a preferred embodiment, such fuel economy credits can be traded. When acquired from another party, such credits can be used to offset fuel economy performance shortfalls. The “material” can comprise any of a wide variety of substances, components, assemblies, design specifications, control strategies (including enabling software), and so forth. The powered platforms can include stationary powered platforms or mobile powered platforms.

Abstract: A method and combustion system for reducing the formation of intake manifold deposits, such as including intake valve valves, and exhaust valve deposits in combustion engines by delivery of an organomolybdenum source from the vapor phase of an engine lubricant into a combustion chamber.

Abstract: Manganese is added to a combustion fuel, combustion air, or the resulting combustion exhaust gas in order to improve the efficiency of an electrostatic precipitator in collecting the resulting fly ash. Further, manganese or other flame suppressant is added to a fuel, and/or combustion air, or combustion exhaust gas stream in order to reduce back-corona discharge that could otherwise occur in an electrostatic precipitator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the reduction or inhibition of corrosion in an atmospheric burner unit by adding to a combustion system an effective amount of manganese, or a manganese precursor source, or derivative. The system may further include a catalyst package that may be composed of one or more individual organometallic compounds of Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Mo, Fe, Co, Pt, Ce, and combinations, mixtures or precursors thereof. The manganese component of the catalyst package of the present invention reduces or eliminates the poisoning of the combustion system, whereby improved combustion and reduced emissions result. In addition, this invention inhibits both high- and low-temperature corrosion that occurs on the hot surfaces of burner furnace walls and tubes, and on cooler surfaces of the burner unit exhaust stack.

Abstract: A friction modifier for combustible fuels is provided that is prepared by combining a saturated carboxylic acid and an alkoxylated amine or etheramine. Furthermore, there also is an additive concentrate for use in fuels, especially in gasoline for internal combustion engines, comprising (a) a friction modifier comprising of a branched saturated carboxylic acid salt of an alkoxylated amine, such as isohexyloxypropylamine isostearate; (b) a detergent package, as well as the combustible fuels containing this additive concentrate. The particular selection of friction modifier (a) enables a stable additive concentrate to be formulated providing a significant benefit in friction loss when incorporated in gasoline used to fuel an internal combustion engine, and hence an improvement in fuel economy.

Abstract: A method for reducing the formation of combustion chamber deposits in an engine using a friction modifier for combustible fuels is provided. The friction modifier is prepared by combining a saturated carboxylic acid and an alkylated or alkoxylated amine. The particular selection of friction modifier enables a stable additive concentrate to be formulated providing a significant decrease in CCD without increasing the incidence of IVD deposits in combustion engines running on a fuel modified with the additive concentrate.

Abstract: Deposits and soot formation in a direct injection gasoline engine are reduced by providing as fuel for the operation of said direct injection engine a fuel composition comprising a fuel-soluble cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl compound.

Abstract: A friction modifier for combustible fuels is provided that is prepared by combining a saturated carboxylic acid and an alkylated amine. Furthermore, there also is an additive concentrate for use in fuels, especially in gasoline for internal combustion engines, comprising (a) a friction modifier comprising of a branched saturated carboxylic acid salt of an alkylated amine, such as n-butylamine isostearate; (b) a detergent package, as well as the combustible fuels containing this additive concentrate. The particular selection of friction modifier (a) enables a stable additive concentrate to be formulated providing a significant benefit in friction loss when incorporated in gasoline used to fuel an internal combustion engine, and hence an improvement in fuel economy.

Abstract: Deposits in a direct injection gasoline engine are reduced by providing as fuel for the operation of said direct injection engine a fuel composition comprising a Mannich detergent.

Abstract: A burner is operated by continuously feeding into its combustion zone while combustion is occurring therein, (a) a middle distillate burner fuel with which has been blended in any sequence or combination a minor combustion improving amount of fuel-soluble manganese polycarbonyl compound(s), and (b) a total amount of air above 100% of the stoichiometric amount required for complete combustion of all fuel being introduced into said zone but which is below 105% of such stoichiometric amount. Preferably at least alkali or alkaline earth metal-containing detergent and fuel-soluble dispersant have also been blended into the fuel being used. The efficiency of operation of blue and yellow burners is thereby improved, and emissions such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide can be reduced as compared to operation of the same burner on the same unadditized base fuel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fuel compositions containing hydrocarbon fuels in the gasoline boiling range and organic nitrogen-containing compounds selected from organic nitrates and/or organic nitro compounds. The fuel compositions exhibit improved ignition properties, including reduced emissions and reduced misfires.