Abstract: Disclosed is an actuator for axial displacement of an object, including an actuator piston disc displaceable in a cylinder volume, an inlet channel, a first inlet valve body arranged in the inlet channel, a second inlet valve body operatively connected to the actuator piston disc and arranged in the inlet channel, an outlet channel and an outlet valve body arranged therein. The actuator includes an electrically controlled pilot valve communicating a first control pressure to the first inlet valve body via a first control pressure channel and communicating a second control pressure to the outlet valve body via a second control pressure channel. The pilot valve places itself in either a resting state or an active state.

Abstract: A method and a position sensor assembly for determining a mutual position between a first object (1) and a second object (2). The position sensor assembly includes a first body (3), a second body (4), a control unit, and a sensor circuit, the first body (3) and the second body (4) being mutually displaceable in relation to each other and the second body (4) presenting an unambiguous inductance value for each mutual position between the first body (3) and the second body (4). The sensor circuit includes in its turn a comparator connected to a first branch including the second body (4), a power switch and a measuring resistance connected in series with each other.

Abstract: A combustion engine includes, a cylinder head including a controllable first engine valve arranged to selectively open/close a combustion chamber included in the combustion engine, a first valve actuator operatively connected to the first engine valve, which first valve actuator includes at least one inlet opening for pressure fluid and at least one outlet opening for pressure fluid, and a closed pressure fluid circuit, wherein the first valve actuator is arranged in the closed pressure fluid circuit. The combustion engine further includes a cylinder head chamber that forms part of the closed pressure fluid circuit and that is delimited by the cylinder head and at least a first cylinder head mantle, wherein the at least one outlet opening of the first valve actuator is in fluid communication with the cylinder head chamber. A mantle assembly for a cylinder head of a combustion engine is also described.

Abstract: A combustion engine includes, a first controllable engine valve (8) arranged to selectively open/close a combustion chamber (7) included in the combustion engine (1), and a gas handling system arranged to drive the first engine valve (8), which gas handling system includes a closed pneumatic pressure fluid circuit, wherein the closed pressure fluid circuit includes, coupled in series with each other, a compressor (31) and a valve actuator (10) that are operatively connected to the first engine valve (8). The combustion engine is characterized by the gas handling system further including a gas accumulator (38) that is connected with the closed pressure fluid circuit via at least one gas accumulator conduit (39), which includes a controllable valve (40). A gas handling system for pneumatic control of a valve actuator is also described.

Abstract: A combustion engine includes a cylinder head including a controllable engine valve configured to open/close a combustion chamber in the combustion engine, a valve actuator operatively connected with and configured to displace the engine valve, and a closed pressure fluid circuit, wherein the valve actuator is arranged in the closed pressure fluid circuit.

Abstract: An actuator, including a cylinder, an actuator piston displacably arranged in the cylinder, a pressure fluid circuit having a channel mouthing in the cylinder, an indirectly electrically controlled first valve body, arranged in the channel for controlling a flow of a pressure fluid in the channel, and a second valve body, arranged in or at the channel to open and close the channel, the second valve body being a member fixedly connected to the actuator piston, and the first valve body and the second valve body being arranged in series with each other in the channel. The actuator further includes an electrically controlled three-way valve that is arranged to alternately open for a pressure fluid flow from a high pressure source and a pressure fluid flow from a low pressure source, chosen pressure fluid flow being arranged to act against and admit displacement of the first valve body.

Abstract: An actuator for axial displacement of a gas exchange valve of a combustion engine is configured to be connected to a pressure fluid source and a pressure fluid sink, respectively, and to be driven by a gaseous pressure fluid and includes an actuator piston including an actuator piston disc and an actuator piston rod projecting therefrom in the axial direction, a cylinder volume, the disc separating the cylinder volume into a first part and a second part and being displaceable back and forth in the axial direction in the cylinder volume between an inactive position and an active position, the first part being configured for controllable fluid communication with the pressure fluid source and the pressure fluid sink, respectively, and a hydraulic circuit includes a chamber, the free end of the rod being arranged therein, wherein the rod is displaceable back and forth in the axial direction in a channel.

Abstract: An actuator for axial displacement of an object, includes an actuator piston and an actuator piston rod, wherein the piston is displaceable in the axial direction, and a hydraulic circuit including a liquid filled chamber, a first end of the actuator piston rod being displaceable in the axial direction within the liquid filled chamber, wherein an axially extending recess mouth in the liquid filled chamber is arranged to receive the first end. The actuator piston rod in the area of the first end presents a cylindrical envelope surface, and the recess presents a cylindrical inner surface having a matching shape, wherein the actuator includes a passage extending between the recess and liquid filled chamber when the cylindrical envelope surface and the cylindrical inner surface are located in overlapping configuration, wherein the passage presents at a braking overlap section a cross section area that decreases as a function of increasing overlap.

Abstract: A visual display includes hidden reference illuminators adapted to emit invisible light for generating corneo-scleral reflections on an eye watching a screen surface of the display. The tracking of such reflections and the pupil center provides input to gaze tracking. A method for equipping and an LCD with a reference illuminator are also provided. Also provides are a system and method for determining a gaze point of an eye watching a visual display that includes reference illuminators. The determination of the gaze point may be based on an ellipsoidal cornea model.

Abstract: An actuator for axially displacing an object includes an actuator piston disc and an actuator piston rod, which together form an actuator piston, a cylinder volume, the actuator piston disc dividing the cylinder volume into a first part and second part and being displaceable in the cylinder volume between an inactive and active position, a pressure fluid circuit arranged for controllable fluid communication with the first part, and a first hydraulic circuit including a liquid-filled space, the actuator piston rod being disposed to be axially displaced in relation to the liquid-filled space in connection with axial displacement of the actuator piston disc in the cylinder volume. The actuator piston includes a second hydraulic circuit, the liquid-filled space being in fluid communication with an inner cavity in the second hydraulic circuit when the actuator piston disc is in the inactive position, the inner cavity partly being delimited by a positioning piston.

Abstract: A method and position sensor assembly for determining a mutual position between a first object and a second object. The position sensor assembly includes a first body, a coil, a control unit, and a sensor circuit, the first body being reciprocally displaceable in the axial direction in relation to the coil. The sensor circuit includes in turn a comparator connected to a first branch including the coil, a power switch, and a measuring resistance coupled in series with each other.

Abstract: An actuator for axially displacing an object includes an actuator piston disc and an actuator piston rod, which together form an actuator piston, a cylinder volume, the actuator piston disc dividing the cylinder volume into a first part and second part and being displaceable in the cylinder volume between an inactive and active position, a pressure fluid circuit arranged for controllable fluid communication with the first part, and a first hydraulic circuit including a liquid-filled space, the actuator piston rod being disposed to be axially displaced in relation to the liquid-filled space in connection with axial displacement of the actuator piston disc in the cylinder volume. The actuator piston includes a second hydraulic circuit, the liquid-filled space being in fluid communication with an inner cavity in the second hydraulic circuit when the actuator piston disc is in the inactive position, the inner cavity partly being delimited by a positioning piston.

Abstract: An actuator, including a cylinder, an actuator piston displacably arranged in the cylinder, a pressure fluid circuit having a channel mouthing in the cylinder, an indirectly electrically controlled first valve body, arranged in the channel for controlling a flow of a pressure fluid in the channel, and a second valve body, arranged in or at the channel to open and close the channel, the second valve body being a member fixedly connected to the actuator piston, and the first valve body and the second valve body being arranged in series with each other in the channel. The actuator further includes an electrically controlled three-way valve that is arranged to alternately open for a pressure fluid flow from a high pressure source and a pressure fluid flow from a low pressure source, chosen pressure fluid flow being arranged to act against and admit displacement of the first valve body.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a working cylinder (2) including an inlet valve (6) and an adherent pneumatic inlet valve actuator (8), an outlet valve (7) and an adherent pneumatic outlet valve actuator (9), and a working piston (4), a compressor cylinder (3) including an inlet valve (10), an outlet valve (11), and a compressor piston (5) operated by the working piston (4), a compressed-air tank (14) connected to the compressor cylinder (3) via a first compressed-air conduit (15), and a second compressed-air conduit (16) that extends from the first compressed-air conduit (15), the first inlet valve actuator (8) and the outlet valve actuator (9) of the working cylinder (2) being connected to the second compressed-air conduit (16).

Abstract: A visual display includes hidden reference illuminators adapted to emit invisible light for generating corneo-scleral reflections on an eye watching a screen surface of the display. The tracking of such reflections and the pupil center provides input to gaze tracking. A method for equipping and an LCD with a reference illuminator are also provided. Also provides are a system and method for determining a gaze point of an eye watching a visual display that includes reference illuminators. The determination of the gaze point may be based on an ellipsoidal cornea model.

Abstract: A visual display characterized by hidden reference illuminators is adapted to emit invisible light for generating corneo-scleral reflections on an eye watching a screen surface of the display. The tracking of such reflections and the pupil center provides input for gaze tracking. A method for equipping and an LCD with a reference illuminator are also provided. A system and method for determining a gaze point of an eye watching a visual display comprising reference illuminators are further provided. The determination of the gaze point may be based on an ellipsoidal cornea model.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a working cylinder (2) including an inlet valve (6) and an adherent pneumatic inlet valve actuator (8), an outlet valve (7) and an adherent pneumatic outlet valve actuator (9), and a working piston (4), a compressor cylinder (3) including an inlet valve (10), an outlet valve (11), and a compressor piston (5) operated by the working piston (4), a compressed-air tank (14) connected to the compressor cylinder (3) via a first compressed-air conduit (15), and a second compressed-air conduit (16) that extends from the first compressed-air conduit (15), the first inlet valve actuator (8) and the outlet valve actuator (9) of the working cylinder (2) being connected to the second compressed-air conduit (16).

Abstract: Provided is a method of determining a gaze point of an eye watching a visual display controllable by a display signal. The method comprises generating a display signal using a graphics card in order for the visual display to produce a screen pattern; receiving a signal encoding an image of the eye including a corneo-scleral reflection of the screen pattern; and determining, based on in part the geometry of said reflection, a gaze point of the eye, wherein said determining a gaze point includes utilizing the graphics card as a parallel processor. The image of the eye may be received directly at the graphics card. The graphics card may extract image features in the eye images. Reference illuminators may be used, and the screen pattern may be interlaced with a distinctive reference pattern. Further provided are a gaze-tracking system and a personal computer system adapted to determine a gaze point of a viewer.

Abstract: A visual display characterized by hidden reference illuminators is adapted to emit invisible light for generating corneo-scleral reflections on an eye watching a screen surface of the display. The tracking of such reflections and the pupil center provides input for gaze tracking. A method for equipping and an LCD with a reference illuminator are also provided. A system and method for determining a gaze point of an eye watching a visual display comprising reference illuminators are further provided. The determination of the gaze point may be based on an ellipsoidal cornea model.

Abstract: An eye tracker includes at least one illuminator for illuminating an eye, at least two cameras for imaging the eye, and a controller. The configuration of the reference illuminator(s) and cameras is such that, at least one camera is coaxial with a reference illuminator and at least one camera is non-coaxial with a reference illuminator. The controller is adapted to select one of the cameras to be active to maximize an image quality metric and avoid obscuring objects. The eye tracker is operable in a dual-camera mode to improve accuracy. A method and computer-program product for selecting a combination of an active reference illuminator from a number of reference illuminators, and an active camera from a plurality of cameras are provided.