Abstract: SMA actuator wires in an SMA actuation apparatus are connected in tension between a movable element and a support structure, applying forces to the movable element in opposed directions. Measures of the resistances of the SMA actuator wires are detected. A feedback difference measure is derived being the sum of the measures of resistance of the SMA actuator wires, relatively scaled by factors, in respect of the SMA actuator wires, the magnitude of which represents a component along the predetermined axis of a force applied by the SMA actuator wire and the sign of which represents a direction along the predetermined axis. The ratio has opposite signs for respective ones of said opposed directions. The powers of drive signals supplied to the SMA actuator wires are controlled in response to the feedback difference measure to reduce the difference between the feedback difference measure and a target difference measure.

Abstract: A camera lens element is suspended on a support structure by balls that allow movement of the camera lens elementorthogonal to the optical axis and plural flexures connected between the support structure and the camera lens element to bias them against the balls while permitting said movement of the camera lens elementorthogonal to the optical axis. Lateral movement is driven by a lateral actuation arrangement comprising plural SMA actuator wires. The flexures provide a lateral biasing force that biases the camera lens element towards a central position. An electrical connection is made through the flexures from the support structure to the camera lens element. The flexures may be connected to laminated structures.

Abstract: An SMA actuation apparatus moves a movable element relative to a support structure in two orthogonal directions using a total of four SMA actuator wires each connected at its ends between the movable element and the support structure and extending perpendicular to the primary axis. None of the SMA actuator wires are collinear, but the SMA actuator wires have an arrangement in which they are capable of being selectively driven to move the movable element relative to the support structure to any position in said range of movement without applying any net torque to the movable element in the plane of the two orthogonal directions around the primary axis. Accordingly, it is possible to drive movement whilst balancing the forces to limit torque around the primary axis.

Abstract: An SMA actuation apparatus comprises a support structure, a movable element movably supported on the support structure and an arrangement of three or more SMA actuator wires mechanically connected between the support structure and the movable element. The SMA actuator wires have an interconnection at the movable element that electrically connects the group of SMA actuator wires together. This avoids the need to make a separate electrical connection to the movable element.

Abstract: A miniature camera (1) comprising at least one SMA actuator wire (11) arranged to effect focus, zoom or optical image stabilization. The SMA actuator wire (11) is coated with an electrically insulating layer (40) of thickness in the range from 0.3 ?m to 10 ?m. The layer (40) provides electrical insulation whilst permitting cooling that provides a rapid response time of the SMA atuator wire (11).

Abstract: SMA actuator wires in an SMA actuation apparatus are connected in tension between a movable element and a support structure, applying forces to the movable element in opposed directions. Measures of the resistances of the SMA actuator wires are detected. A feedback difference measure is derived being the sum of the measures of resistance of the SMA actuator wires, relatively scaled by factors, in respect of the SMA actuator wires, the magnitude of which represents a component along the predetermined axis of a force applied by the SMA actuator wire and the sign of which represents a direction along the predetermined axis. The ratio has opposite signs for respective ones of said opposed directions. The powers of drive signals supplied to the SMA actuator wires are controlled in response to the feedback difference measure to reduce the difference between the feedback difference measure and a target difference measure.

Abstract: A camera lens element is suspended on a support structure by balls that allow movement of the camera lens elementorthogonal to the optical axis and plural flexures connected between the support structure and the camera lens element to bias them against the balls whilst permitting said movement of the camera lens elementorthogonal to the optical axis. Lateral movement is driven by a lateral actuation arrangement comprising plural SMA actuator wires. The flexures provide a lateral biasing force that biases the camera lens element towards a central position. An electrical connection is made through the flexures from the support structure to the camera lens element. The flexures may be connected to laminated structures.

Abstract: In a camera apparatus, two SMA actuator subsystems each comprise two SMA wires connected between a camera unit and a support structure, hooked over a pivot element defining pivot axes that lie in a common plane along the optical axis. Differential contraction of the SMA wires drives rotation. The SMA actuator subsystems are opposed, but the SMA wires of each subsystem are fixed respectively to the camera unit and the support structure, reducing the height. A non-conductive substrate supporting conductive tracks electrically connected to the SMA actuator system is configured as a flexure arrangement between the camera unit and the support structure. The flexure arrangement is connected to the camera unit at a position in the common plane reducing lateral resistance to tilt. Use of an intermediate connector element allows the circuit board to be arranged in front of the intermediate connector inside the height of the lens system.

Abstract: An SMA actuation apparatus moves a movable element relative to a support structure in two orthogonal directions using a total of four SMA actuator wires each connected at its ends between the movable element and the support structure and extending perpendicular to the primary axis. None of the SMA actuator wires are collinear, but the SMA actuator wires have an arrangement in which they are capable of being selectively driven to move the movable element relative to the support structure to any position in said range of movement without applying any net torque to the movable element in the plane of the two orthogonal directions around the primary axis. Accordingly, it is possible to drive movement whilst balancing the forces to limit torque around the primary axis.

Abstract: An SMA actuation apparatus uses SMA actuator wires to move a movable element supported on a support structure, for example to provide optical image stabilization. Eight SMA actuator wires are arranged inclined with respect to a notional primary axis with a pair of the SMA actuator wires on each of four sides around the primary axis. The SMA actuators are connected so that on contraction two groups of four SMA actuator wires provide a force with a component in opposite directions along the primary axis, so that the groups are capable of providing movement along the primary axis. The SMA actuator wires of each group have 2-fold rotational symmetry about the primary axis, so that there are SMA actuator wires opposing each other that are capable of providing lateral movement or tilting.

Abstract: A shape memory alloy actuation apparatus comprises a movable element suspended on a support structure by a plurality of flexures which are non-uniformly configured to apply forces having differing components perpendicular to the movement axis generating a net moment around the center of mass of the movable element in an opposite sense from the moment generated by the actuation force. A shape memory alloy wire is coupled between the support structure and an intermediate body engaging the movable element through a pivotal contact to avoid lateral force transfer. Also coupled between the support structure and the intermediate body is a resilient biassing flexure plastically deformed in a partial region thereof. The shape memory alloy wire is crimped by a crimping member fixed to the support structure holding the shape memory alloy wire against a curved surface from which the shape alloy memory wire extends to the movable element.

Abstract: An SMA actuation apparatus comprises a support structure, a movable element movably supported on the support structure and an arrangement of three or more SMA actuator wires mechanically connected between the support structure and the movable element. The SMA actuator wires have an interconnection at the movable element that electrically connects the group of SMA actuator wires together. This avoids the need to make a separate electrical connection to the movable element.

Abstract: A camera apparatus capable of providing optical image stabilization comprises a support structure and a camera unit, that comprises an image sensor and a lens system for focussing an image thereon, supported on the support structure in a manner allowing it to tilt around two notional axes perpendicular to each other and to the optical axis. An SMA actuation system comprises two SMA actuator subsystems each comprising plural SMA actuators connected between the camera unit and the support structure. The SMA actuators of the respective SMA actuator subsystems are arranged, on contraction, to drive displacement of the camera unit in opposite directions along the optical axis. The SMA actuators of each SMA actuator subsystem are also arranged, on differential contraction, to drive rotation of the camera unit around a respective one of said notional axes.

Abstract: In a camera apparatus, two SMA actuator subsystems each comprise two SMA wires connected between a camera unit and a support structure, hooked over a pivot element defining pivot axes that lie in a common plane along the optical axis. Differential contraction of the SMA wires drives rotation. The SMA actuator subsystems are opposed, but the SMA wires of each subsystem are fixed respectively to the camera unit and the support structure, reducing the height. A non-conductive substrate supporting conductive tracks electrically connected to the SMA actuator system is configured as a flexure arrangement between the camera unit and the support structure. The flexure arrangement is connected to the camera unit at a position in the common plane reducing lateral resistance to tilt. Use of an intermediate connector element allows the circuit board to be arranged in front of the intermediate connector inside the height of the lens system.

Abstract: An SMA actuation apparatus comprises a camera lens element supported on a support structure by a plurality of flexures. An SMA wire at an acute angle to the movement axis and a biasing element are connected between the support structure and the movable element. A component of the force applied by the SMA wire perpendicular to the movement axis compresses the flexures causing them to apply a force to the movable element having a component along the movement axis in the same direction as the SMA wire. An end-stop limits the movement of the movable element, and the moment applied by the end-stop to the movable element about the center of stiffness is equal to the moment applied by the SMA wire about the center of stiffness at the point when the movable element loses contact with the end-stop on contraction of the SMA wire.

Abstract: An SMA actuation apparatus uses SMA actuator wires to move a movable element supported on a support structure, for example to provide optical image stabilisation. Eight SMA actuator wires are arranged inclined with respect to a notional primary axis with a pair of the SMA actuator wires on each of four sides around the primary axis. The SMA actuators are connected so that on contraction two groups of four SMA actuator wires provide a force with a component in opposite directions along the primary axis, so that the groups are capable of providing movement along the primary axis. The SMA actuator wires of each group have 2-fold rotational symmetry about the primary axis, so that there are SMA actuator wires opposing each other that are capable of providing lateral movement or tilting.

Abstract: An ink management system for supplying or receiving liquid at a controlled pressure, comprising: a closed reservoir; a weir disposed in the reservoir, configured to separate the reservoir into a first and a second chamber; the first chamber having an inlet for receiving liquid from a first remote location; and the weir being disposed such that the level of liquid in the first chamber can be maintained at a constant height; wherein the reservoir is sealed from the surrounding atmosphere and the system further comprises a pumped outlet disposed in the second chamber and arranged to remove liquid and gas contained within the reservoir.

Abstract: A device for projecting liquid as jets or droplets from multiple nozzles, the device comprising: a plurality of transducers oriented substantially parallel to one another and each having an inner face and an outer face opposite said inner face, the transducers being arranged in a substantially planar array; a plurality of nozzles to project liquid therefrom; liquid supply means for supplying a liquid to the nozzles; each nozzle is associated with an adjacent respective transducer which is excitable to cause movement of the adjacent associated nozzle in a direction substantially aligned with the nozzle axis, to project liquid therefrom; the liquid supply means supplies liquid to an inner end of said nozzle; means for selectively exciting transducers as required, thereby to project liquid as jets or droplets from the respective outer face by movement of the liquid through the nozzle in response to the movement of the nozzle; wherein the transducers are formed as beams in a material layer, separated by slots

Abstract: A method of projecting liquid as jets or droplets from a nozzle provided on a transducer formed by a region of a material layer, the method comprising the steps of: supplying liquid to an inner end of the nozzle; exciting the nozzle to cause movement of the nozzle in a direction substantially aligned with the nozzle axis in order to project liquid as a droplet from an outer face of the nozzle; wherein the step of exciting the nozzle comprises sequentially driving the transducer with a first rising voltage change, a first falling voltage change, a second rising voltage change and a second falling voltage change; and wherein the first rising voltage change and the first falling voltage change are timed so that they enhance the movement of the material layer, and the second rising voltage change and the second falling voltage change are timed so that they substantially cancel the movement of the material layer.

Abstract: A camera apparatus capable of providing optical image stabilisation comprises a support structure and a camera unit, that comprises an image sensor and a lens system for focussing an image thereon, supported on the support structure in a manner allowing it to tilt around two notional axes perpendicular to each other and to the optical axis. An SMA actuation system comprises two SMA actuator subsystems each comprising plural SMA actuators connected between the camera unit and the support structure. The SMA actuators of the respective SMA actuator subsystems are arranged, on contraction, to drive displacement of the camera unit in opposite directions along the optical axis. The SMA actuators of each SMA actuator subsystem are also arranged, on differential contraction, to drive rotation of the camera unit around a respective one of said notional axes.