Abstract: Carbon fiber having cross sectional shape which satisfies area replenishment rate of 0.8 or more is used as anode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. Alternatively, since value of fractal dimension of cross section high order structure of the random radial type carbon fiber can be utilized as material parameter for evaluating the cross sectional structure, carbon fiber in which the value of the fractal dimension is caused to fall within the range from 1.1 to 1.8 and the crystallinity has been controlled such that it falls within reasonable range is used as anode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. Further, carbon fiber having cross section high order structure such that the central portion is radial type structure and the surface layer portion is random radial type structure is used as anode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. Furthermore, it is also effective to use carbon fiber having notch structure at the cross section.

Abstract: Carbon fiber having cross sectional shape which satisfies area replenishment rate of 0.8 or more is used as anode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. Alternatively, since value of fractal dimension of cross section high order structure of the random radial type carbon fiber can be utilized as material parameter for evaluating the cross sectional structure, carbon fiber in which the value of the fractal dimension is caused to fall within the range from 1.1 to 1.8 and the crystallinity has been controlled such that it falls within reasonable range is used as anode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. Further, carbon fiber having cross section high order structure such that the central portion is radial type structure and the surface layer portion is random radial type structure is used as anode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. Furthermore, it is also effective to use carbon fiber having notch structure at the cross section.

Abstract: In a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including anode and cathode consisting of material capable of doping/undoping of lithium, and non-aqueous electrolytic solution in which electrolyte is dissolved in non-aqueous solvent, flaky graphite having high crystallinity and high electron conductivity is added as conductive agent into the anode and the cathode. Further, granulated carbon or carbon black having specific material property is added as conductive agent in addition to the flaky graphite. Thus, non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having long cycle life time and high reliability can be obtained.

Abstract: In a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell, it is possible to control the irreversible capacity degradation which is caused when it is preserved under the condition of charging. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell includes a positive electrode that is capable of doping and dedoping lithium and a negative electrode and non-aqueous electrolyte. Specifically, a monomethoxy benzene class compound is added to the non-aqueous electrolyte at a concentration ranging from 0.005 M to 0.5 M.

Abstract: A material for a negative electrode of a cell, which is prepared according to a process of the present invention, can provides a cell having a high true specific gravity, a high charging capacity and an excellent cycle characteristic. The process of the present invention comprises the steps of carbonizing an organic compound to form a carbide thereof, pulverizing said carbide to form a powder having an average particle size of 10 .mu.m to 2 mm, and sintering said powder of the carbide at a temperature of 2,000.degree. C. or higher to produce a graphite. In addition, in accordance with the present invention, there is also provided non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell comprising a negative electrode, which is prepared by carbonizing an organic compound to form a carbide thereof, pulverizing the carbide to form a powder having an average particle size of 10 .mu.m to 2 mm, and sintering the powder of the carbide at a temperature of 2,000.degree. C. to form a graphite.

Abstract: A nonaqueous-electrolyte secondary battery has an electrode assembly having positive and negative electrodes separated from each other by a porous resin separator, and a battery case having a side wall with at least one land projecting inwardly into the battery case or outwardly out of the battery case, the electrode assembly being disposed in the battery case. Alternatively, the battery case may have a plurality of walls and a plurality of round corners each joining adjacent two of the walls.

Abstract: A novel carbonate compound represented by the general formula ?I!:R.sup.1 CH.sub.2 O--CO--OCH.sub.2 R.sup.2 ?I!wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkyl group substituted with one or more halogen atoms, and R.sup.2 represent an alkyl group having no hydrogen atom at the .alpha.-position thereof or an alkyl group substituted with one or more halogen atoms having no hydrogen atom at the .alpha.-position thereof, with the proviso that R.sup.1 is not identical to R.sup.2, which has excellent properties as solvent, is disclosed. A non-aqueous electrolytic solution and a battery utilizing the novel carbonate compound are also disclosed.

Abstract: An anode material consisting of non-graphitizable carbon material obtained by baking a carbon precursor is disclosed. In this non-graphitizable carbon material, a ratio by weight of carbon Ps in a stacking structure as determined from diffraction peak originating in a (002) crystal lattice plane and X-ray diffraction spectrum components on the lower angle side with respect to the diffraction peak originating in the (002) crystal lattice plane of X-ray diffraction spectrum is smaller than 0.59, or the stacking index SI thereof is smaller than 0.76. Moreover, an average number of carbon layers n.sub.ave in a stacking structure is smaller than 2.46. Alternatively, when the baking temperature is T.degree.C. and the half width at half maximum of the peak appearing in the vicinity of 1340 cm.sup.-1 in the Raman spectrum is HW, the condition expressed below is satisfied.HW>138-0.06.multidot.

Abstract: A non-aqueous liquid electrolyte secondary cell including a cathode formed of metal lithium, a lithium alloy or a material capable of doping/undoping lithium, an anode and a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte formed by an electrolyte dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent. The non-aqueous solvent contains vinylene carbonate. The non-aqueous liquid electrolyte secondary cell may be advantageously employed as a power supply source for a small-sized lightweight portable electronic equipment.

Abstract: A material for a negative electrode of a cell, which is prepared according to a process of the present invention, can provides a cell having a high true specific gravity, a high charging capacity and an excellent cycle characteristic. The process of the present invention comprises the steps of carbonizing an organic compound to form a carbide thereof, pulverizing said carbide to form a powder having an average particle size of 10 .mu.m to 2 mm, and sintering said powder of the carbide at a temperature of 2,000.degree. C. or higher to produce a graphite. In addition, in accordance with the present invention, there is also provided non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell comprising a negative electrode, which is prepared by carbonizing an organic compound to form a carbide thereof, pulverizing the carbide to form a powder having an average particle size of 10 .mu.m to 2 mm, and sintering the powder of the carbide at a temperature of 2,000.degree. C. to form a graphite.

Abstract: An anode material consisting of non-graphitizable carbon material obtained by baking carbon precursor is disclosed. In this non-graphitizable carbon material, ratio by weight of carbon Ps in stacking structure determined from diffraction peak originating in (002) crystal lattice plane and X-ray diffraction spectrum components on the lower angle side with respect to the diffraction peak originating in the (002) crystal lattice plane of X-ray diffraction spectrum is smaller than 0.59, or stacking index SI thereof is smaller than 0.76. Moreover, average number of carbon layers n.sub.ave in stacking structure is smaller than 2.46. Alternatively, when baking temperature is T.degree. C. and half width at half maximum of peak appearing in the vicinity of 1340 cm.sup.-1 in Raman spectrum is HW, the condition expressed below is satisfied.HW>138-0.06.multidot.

Abstract: A non-aqueous liquid electrolyte secondary battery using a carbon material satisfying predetermined conditions of true density and parameters of crystalline structure as an anode material, a transition metal composite oxide having predetermined ion supply capability as a cathode material, and ethylene carbonate as a non-aqueous solvent, is disclosed. The carbon material has a true density of 2.2 g/cm.sup.3 and greater, an interplanar distance of (002) plane of between 0.375 and 0.338 nm, inclusive a C-axis crystallite size of the (002) plane of 20.0 nm and greater and a G value in Raman spectrum of 2.5 and greater. The transition metal composite oxide contains lithium of an amount equivalent to a charge/discharge capacity of 300 mAh and greater per unit weight of the carbon material. The carbon material forming the anode has a grain diameter of 1 .mu.m and greater. The non-aqueous solvent is a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and chain carbonic ester.

Abstract: A novel carbonate compound represented by the general formula [I]:R.sup.3 CH.sub.2 O-CO-OCH.sub.2 R.sup.4 [I]wherein R.sup.3 represents an alkyl group or an alkyl group substituted with one or more halogen atoms, and R.sup.4 represent an alkyl group having no hydrogen atom at the .beta.-position thereof or an alkyl group substituted with one or more halogen atoms having no hydrogen atom at the .beta.-position thereof, with the proviso that R.sup.3 is not identical to R.sup.4, which has excellent properties as solvent, is disclosed. A non-aqueous electrolytic solution and a battery utilizing the novel carbonate compound are also disclosed.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolytic solutions which has self-distinguishing property, low reactivity to metal lithium and high withstand voltage is provided. The non-aqueous electrolytic solutions of the first invention comprise, as electrolyte, lithium salt preferably LiPF.sub.6 and, as solvent, phosphoric acid esters of the following general formula [1]; ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, which may be the same or different, represent an alkyl group or an alkyl group substituted by one or more halogen atoms and at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 represents an alkyl group substituted by one or more halogen atoms. The non-aqueous electrolytic solutions of the second invention comprise, as solvents for electrolyte, trimethyl phosphate, one or more linear carbonates represented by the following general formula [3]; ##STR2## (wherein R.sup.6 represents methyl or ethyl group and R.sup.

Abstract: A secondary battery having a non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention includes a negative electrode using a carbonaceous material capable of doping and undoping lithium ions as the anode material, a positive electrode using a composite oxide of lithium and-a transition metal as the cathode material, and a non-aqueous electrolyte formed by dissolving an electrolyte into a non-aqueous solvent, the non-aqueous solvent containing methylethyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate. According to the present invention, a secondary battery having a non-aqueous electrolyte in which normal charge/discharge reactions can be maintained even in battery overcharge and after high-temperature storage of the charged battery, and which exhibits high energy density, long cycle life, high safety performance and excellent environment-resistance, can be produced.

Abstract: A non-aqueous liquid electrolyte secondary battery including an anode formed of a carbon material capable of doping and de-doping of lithium, a cathode formed of a lithium-containing transition metal composite oxide and a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte is disclosed. The carbon material for the anode contains graphite and a non-graphitic carbon material formed of at least a non-graphitizable carbon material or a graphitizable carbon material. The non-graphitic carbon material preferably exhibits a discharge capacity per gram 80% or more of that of the graphite, measured in the first cycle of intermittent charging and discharging. The non-graphitic carbon material exhibits a ratio of a discharge capacity up to 0.3 V to a discharge capacity up to 1.5 V which is not smaller than 0.5, measured in the first cycle of intermittent charging and discharging with a standard of a lithium potential. Specifically, the graphite has a true density of 2.1 g/cm.sup.3 or greater, an interplanar distance of (002) of less than 0.

Abstract: A secondary battery which employs a non-aqueous solvent for the electrolyte and which includes a positive electrode formed of a compound oxide of lithium and a negative electrode of a carbonaceous material is disclosed. The non-aqueous electrolyte, comprised of an electrolyte dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent, is employed in such secondary battery. According to the present invention, a mixed solvent composed of propylene carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate is employed. The volume ratio of propylene carbonate to methyl ethyl carbonate is 6:4 to 3:7 and preferably 4.5:5.5 to 3:7. As the electrolyte, LiPF.sub.6 is dissolved at a concentration of 0.6 to 1.8 mol/lit.

Abstract: Disclosed are a solvent for cell electrolyte comprising a carbamate represented by the following formula [1]; ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently represent a linear or branched alkyl group, cell electrolyte and non-aqueous electrolyte battery comprising the solvent. The solvent can provide batteries showing high withstand voltage and excellent charge/discharge efficiency.

Abstract: An anode material composed mainly of a difficultly graphatizable carbon or coke (easily graphatizable coke) consisting essentially of carbon, phosphorus and oxygen, and containing phosphorus in an amount of 0.2 to 9.0 wt %, is disclosed. The anode material exhibits a peak in a .sup.31 P solid NMR spectrum in a range of .+-.100 ppm based on orthophosphoric acid, and a peak in a 2p orbital spectrum of a phosphorus atom in XPS of not more than 135 eV. The anode material is prepared by adding phosphoric acid or phosphorus oxides to an organic material or a carbonic material. A non-aqueous liquid electrolyte cell is produced from the above anode material, an Li-containing cathode and a liquid electrolyte.

Abstract: A carbonaceous material and a non-aqueous electrolyte cell using the carbonaceous material as an anode are disclosed. The carbonaceous material has an interlayer spacing, d.sub.002, of not less than 3.70 angstroms and a true density of less than 1.70 g/cm.sup.3, and contains from 0.2 to 5.0 weight % of phosphorus. The carbonaceous material has a large doping capacity for Li, and the non-aqueous electrolyte cell using the material has a large capacity and improved charge-discharge cycle characteristics.