Abstract: There is provided a technique that includes (a) forming an oligomer-containing layer on a surface of a substrate and in a concave portion of the substrate by allowing an oligomer to be generated, grow, and flow on the surface of the substrate and in the concave portion of the substrate by performing a cycle a predetermined number of times at a first temperature, the cycle including: supplying a precursor gas to the substrate; supplying a first nitrogen- and hydrogen-containing gas to the substrate; supplying a second nitrogen- and hydrogen-containing gas to the substrate; and supplying a first modifying gas to the substrate; and (b) forming a film by performing a thermal treatment to the substrate at a second temperature equal to or higher than the first temperature to modify the oligomer-containing layer so as to be filled in the concave portion.

Abstract: There is provided a technique which includes: forming a first film containing silicon, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen on a substrate by performing a first cycle a predetermined number of times, the first cycle including forming a first layer containing silicon, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen by supplying a first precursor containing silicon, nitrogen and carbon and an oxidant to the substrate, and performing a first modifying process to the first layer at a first temperature to desorb impurities contained in the first layer and densify the first layer; and performing, after forming the first film, a second modifying process to the first film at a second temperature that is not less than the first temperature to desorb impurities contained in the first film and densify the first film.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus includes first and second light sources, a rotatable polygonal mirror, a motor, first and second mirrors, first and second lenses, and a casing. Within a mounting range, a top wall of an accommodating portion is provided with at least one projection projecting toward an opening of the accommodating portion. The projection extends from a first side wall to a second side wall of the accommodating portion. The top wall includes a recess formed opposite from the projection, and is free from a portion projecting toward the opening over a range from the first side wall to the second side wall, other than the projection in the mounting range. A free end portion of the projection is in a position remoter from the opening than a reflecting surface of the rotatable polygonal mirror is with respect to a rotational axis direction of the motor.

Abstract: There is provided a technique that includes: a) supplying a first gas to the substrate on which a film is formed and forming a modified layer on a surface of the film; b) after a), supplying a second gas to the modified layer and removing the modified layer; c) after b), supplying an inert gas having a first temperature higher than a processing temperature of b) to the film; and d) removing a portion of the film by performing a), b), and c) sequentially a predetermined number of times.

Abstract: There is provided a technique which includes: forming a first film containing silicon, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen on a substrate by performing a first cycle a predetermined number of times, the first cycle including non-simultaneously performing: forming a first layer containing silicon, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen by simultaneously supplying first aminosilane and an oxidant to the substrate; and performing a first modifying process to the first layer under a first temperature; and performing a second modifying process to the first film under a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus includes first and second light sources, a rotatable polygonal mirror, a motor, first and second mirrors, first and second lenses, and a casing. Within a mounting range, a top wall of an accommodating portion is provided with at least one projection projecting toward an opening of the accommodating portion. The projection extends from a first side wall to a second side wall of the accommodating portion. The top wall includes a recess formed opposite from the projection, and is free from a portion projecting toward the opening over a range from the first side wall to the second side wall, other than the projection in the mounting range. A free end portion of the projection is in a position remoter from the opening than a reflecting surface of the rotatable polygonal mirror is with respect to a rotational axis direction of the motor.

Abstract: A gas turbine including a turbine driven by a combustion gas, a gas turbine casing that includes an exhaust casing having an inner tube and an outer tube, a bearing that rotatably supports a shaft of the turbine, a bearing casing that holds the bearing, a support leg that supports the gas turbine casing, struts that connect the inner tube and the outer tube, and a first support and a second support that support the bearing casing on the inner tube. The first support is located on a side same as the support leg relative to the struts in a flow direction of the combustion gas. The struts are located between the first support and the second support. The first support is fixed to the inner tube and the bearing casing. The second support is fixed to the inner tube and is in slidable contact with the bearing casing.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus to form a toner image on a recording material includes a photosensitive member and an optical scanning unit. The optical scanning unit includes an optical scanning unit, an optical box, a cover member, and a moving unit movable to an outside of the image forming apparatus. The optical scanning unit and the moving unit are arranged so that the moving unit and the optical scanning unit are opposed to each other when the moving unit is located in an inside of the image forming apparatus. The optical scanning unit is disposed so as to allow a user to touch the optical scanning unit through a space generated in the inside of the image forming apparatus when the moving unit is moved to the outside of the image forming apparatus. Between the optical box and the cover member, the cover member is opposed to the moving unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an exposure unit provided with a rotatable polygon mirror including a plurality of reflecting surfaces for scanning a light beam emitted from a light source to expose a photosensitive member with the light beam according to image information. A determining unit determines an end of lifetime of the exposure unit based on a detecting result of density of a toner image detected by two detecting units at a first timing and a detecting result of density of the toner image detected by the two detecting units at a second timing after the first timing.

Abstract: A utility vehicle includes: a travel structure including a front wheel, a rear wheel, a steering structure mounted to the front wheel, and a drive source that drives the front wheel and/or the rear wheel; circuitry that controls the travel structure to effect autonomous travel without manned operation in a given travel area; a route setter that sets a travel route for the autonomous travel; a vehicle location detector that detects a location of the utility vehicle; and a target detector that detects a monitoring target in the travel area. In case that the monitoring target is detected at a location during the autonomous travel, the circuitry stores the location of the monitoring target as history information. The route setter sets a reference point at the location where the monitoring target was detected and sets the travel route based on the reference point.

Abstract: A utility vehicle includes: a travel structure including a front wheel, a rear wheel, a steering structure mounted to the front wheel, and a drive source that drives the front wheel and/or the rear wheel; circuitry that controls the travel structure to effect autonomous travel without manned operation in a given travel area; and a vehicle location detector that detects a location of the utility vehicle. During the autonomous travel, the circuitry determines, based on road condition data where the travel area is divided into regions with different predetermined road condition levels, to which of the road condition levels a road condition of a region ahead of the location of the utility vehicle in a travel direction belongs, and the circuitry controls the travel structure such that a given travel parameter is within a corresponding one of permissible ranges predetermined respectively in association with the road condition levels.

Abstract: A utility vehicle includes: a travel structure including a front wheel, a rear wheel, a steering structure mounted to the front wheel, and a drive source that drives the front wheel and/or the rear wheel; at least one operator used to operate the travel structure; circuitry that controls the travel structure; and a mode switcher that switches the utility vehicle between a manned operation mode in which the utility vehicle travels in response to operations on the operator and an autonomous travel mode in which the circuitry allows the utility vehicle to autonomously travel on a given travel route without any operations on the operator.

Abstract: In a turbine designing and manufacturing method attendant on a material change of a rotor disk of a turbine rotor, a temperature rise time ratio is determined which is a desired ratio of a temperature rise time of the temperature of the rotor disk from a first temperature to a second temperature after the material change to the temperature rise time before the material change. An inter-surface distance between surfaces on upstream and downstream sides of the rotor disk after the material change is determined, and a shape of the rotor disk after the material change is determined based on the inter-surface distance. The turbine is designed based on the determined shape of the rotor disk. After the material change in the shape determined in the designing process, the rotor disk and the turbine are manufactured based on the result of the designing process.

Abstract: A control requirement determiner includes: a storage that stores at least one piece of location information and at least one piece of behavior information as past data in which the location information and the behavior information are associated with each other, the location information indicating a geographic location, the behavior information being related to a behavior exhibited by a vehicle body of a vehicle at the location indicated by the location information when the vehicle traveled in the past; and processing circuitry that determines, based on the behavior information associated with the location information of the past data, a control requirement to be imposed on a control target of a rough terrain vehicle at the location indicated by the location information of the past data during travel of the rough terrain vehicle.

Abstract: An approach is disclosed that receives estimates pertaining to tasks in a project from project members working on an agile project. The estimates are adjusted using corrections received from an artificial intelligence (AI) system using a previously trained model with each of the corrections pertaining to one of the estimates. A risk level of the project is determined based on the corrected estimates. Completion data sets are then received from the project members upon completion of the project members' respective tasks. The completion data sets are then used to further training the AI system's model.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus to form a toner image on a recording material includes a photosensitive member and an optical scanning unit. The optical scanning unit includes an optical scanning unit, an optical box, a cover member, and a moving unit movable to an outside of the image forming apparatus. The optical scanning unit and the moving unit are arranged so that the moving unit and the optical scanning unit are opposed to each other when the moving unit is located in an inside of the image forming apparatus. The optical scanning unit is disposed so as to allow a user to touch the optical scanning unit through a space generated in the inside of the image forming apparatus when the moving unit is moved to the outside of the image forming apparatus. Between the optical box and the cover member, the cover member is opposed to the moving unit.

Abstract: A method for forming an oligomer-containing layer on a substrate and in a concave portion formed on the substrate by performing a cycle a predetermined number of times under a first temperature, the cycle including supplying a precursor gas to the substrate, and supplying first and second nitrogen- and hydrogen-containing gases to the substrate, so an oligomer including an element in at least one selected from the group of the precursor gas, and the first and second nitrogen-hydrogen-containing gasses, flowed in the concave portion, and (b) forming a film to fill the inside of the concave portion by post-treating the substrate, which has the oligomer-containing layer formed on the surface of the substrate and in the concave portion, under a second temperature not less than the first temperature, so that the oligomer-containing layer formed in the concave portion is modified to form the film.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus to form a toner image on a recording material includes a photosensitive member and an optical scanning unit. The optical scanning unit includes an optical scanning unit, an optical box, a cover member, and a moving unit movable to an outside of the image forming apparatus. The optical scanning unit and the moving unit are arranged so that the moving unit and the optical scanning unit are opposed to each other when the moving unit is located in an inside of the image forming apparatus. The optical scanning unit is disposed so as to allow a user to touch the optical scanning unit through a space generated in the inside of the image forming apparatus when the moving unit is moved to the outside of the image forming apparatus. Between the optical box and the cover member, the cover member is opposed to the moving unit.

Abstract: A gas turbine including a turbine driven by a combustion gas, a gas turbine casing that includes an exhaust casing having an inner tube and an outer tube, a bearing that rotatably supports a shaft of the turbine, a bearing casing that holds the bearing, a support leg that supports the gas turbine casing, struts that connect the inner tube and the outer tube, and a first support and a second support that support the bearing casing on the inner tube. The first support is located on a side same as the support leg relative to the struts in a flow direction of the combustion gas. The struts are located between the first support and the second support. The first support is fixed to the inner tube and the bearing casing. The second support is fixed to the inner tube and is in slidable contact with the bearing casing.

Abstract: An object is to provide a railcar bodyshell whose deformation behavior at the time of collision is stable. The railcar bodyshell includes an anti-climber projecting from an end beam outward in a car longitudinal direction. The anti-climber includes a starting point portion that serves as a starting point of bending of the end beam when collision has occurred, and the end beam is bent by a collision load. The starting point portion is disposed at a portion corresponding to a position between a front end of an energy absorber and a corner post in a car width direction.