Abstract: A process for preparing anhydride polymers in aromatic hydrocarbon solvents using a dialkyl peroxide/amine compound initiator system is disclosed. The amine compound allows more efficient use of free-radical initiators while achieving high monomer conversion polymerizations compared to conventional initiator systems, particularly in the preparation of maleic anhydride polymers.

Abstract: Polymers having amine-thiol terminal moieties are provided. The amine-thiol terminal moieties are imparted by using amine-thiols as chain transfer agents in aqueous addition polymerizations.The polymers are useful as mineral dispersants, as water-treatment additives for boiler waters, cooling towers, reverse osmosis applications, sugar refining, paper production, geothermal processes and oil wells, and as detergent additives acting as builders, anti-filminig agents, dispersants, sequestering agents and encrustation inhibitors.

Abstract: A process for efficiently utilizing phosphorous acid or salts thereof as a chain transfer agent in the polymerization of monomers, particulary unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers, is provided, where the polymerization is conducted at an in-process solids level of at least 40 percent and in-process neutralization level of at least 30% to produce low molecular weight water-soluble phosphonate-terminated polymers.

Abstract: Polycarboxylate additives suitable for use in automatic dishwasher detergent compositions are prepared by polymerizing three or more monomers including monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 to C.sub.6 monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.4 to C.sub.6 dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid, and monoethylenically unsaturated esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid. Automatic dishwasher detergents prepared from these additives produce low filming and spotting on washed glassware.

Abstract: A process for preparing stable aqueous cleaning concentrate compositions containing high concentrations of alkali and polymers useful as scale-inhibiting cleaning additives is disclosed. Water-soluble polymer additives useful for preparing the stable cleaning concentrates are polymers of acrylic acid, and optionally maleic acid, and selected allyloxy monomers. The storage-stable cleaning concentrates are especially useful in providing cleaning formulations for automatic washing systems, such as bottle washing and clean-in-place operations.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting barium sulfate precipitation in low pH aqueous fluids of underground petroleum-bearing formations by adding to such systems an effective amount of low molecular weight water-soluble polymer containing 5-35 weight percent sulfonic acid monomer units and 65-95 weight percent carboxylic acid monomer units, is provided. Polymer compositions based on 10-15 weight percent 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 15-65 weight percent acrylic acid and 25-70 weight percent maleic acid are particularly preferred for use at very low pH conditions, e.g., 5.5 or less in the presence of high sulfate ion and barium ion concentrations.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine of the type generating a hot gas stream and a fan stream includes a mixer having upstream and downstream portions which define first and second chutes for efficiently mixing the streams prior to discharge through an engine nozzle. Means are provided to selectively communicate the downstream chutes with alternate ones of the upstream chutes to cool the downstream mixer portion and reduce the infrared radiation emissions from the nozzle.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for preventing dye from transferring from one fabric to the same or different fabric in a laundry process. This invention also provides dye transfer inhibiting agents formulated into laundry detergent and fabric softening formulations. More specifically, a process is provided where 1) an aqueous bath is formed comprising a) water, b) dyed fabric, and c) a dye transfer inhibiting agent, 2) the dyed fabric is laundered in the aqueous bath and the fabric releases a portion of the dye from the dyed fabric into the bath, and 3) the dye transfer inhibiting agent is maintained in contact with the dyed fabric for the duration of the laundering step. The laundry detergent and fabric softening formulations are comprised of 0.1 to 15 percent by weight of one or more dye transfer inhibiting agents.

Abstract: A process for stabilizing aqueous systems containing scale-forming salts by adding to such systems an effective amount of selected low molecular weight water-soluble polymers containing from 30 to 60 weight percent unsaturated sulfonic acid units, from 35 to 65 weight percent carboxylic acid units and optionally up to 10 weight percent of one or more units selected from non-ionizable monomers, is provided. The polymers used in the process provide improved phosphate and iron stabilization at high temperature conditions. A polymer composition based on 50/50 weight/weight 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid/acrylic acid is particularly preferred for use at high temperatures, for example, from 80.degree. to 100.degree. C.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine of the type generating a hot gas stream and a fan stream includes a mixer having upstream and downstream portions which define first and second chutes for efficiently mixing the streams prior to discharge through an engine nozzle.

Abstract: The present invention provides an efficient aqueous polymerization process of 6 hours or less for preparing water soluble polymer products formed from 50 to 100 weight percent of one or more monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monomers and 0 to 50 weight percent of one or more optional other water soluble monoethylenically unsaturated monomers. In this process, 1) an aqueous reaction mixture of dicarboxylic acid monomer is formed, 2) from about 0.9 to about 2.1 equivalent moles of base are added to the reaction mixture per mole dicarboxylic acid monomer, 3) at least one metal promoter is added to the reaction mixture, 4) one or more initiators and optional other water soluble monoethylenically unsaturated monomer are fed to the reaction mixture, 5) the weight percent reaction solids during the polymerization is between about 40 and about 65 weight percent, and 6) the reaction temperature is maintained at about 80.degree. C. to about 140.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention provide water-soluble poylmers containing, as polymerized units: (a) from about 3 to about 95 percent by weight of one or more cyclohexene anhydrides or the alkali metal or ammonium salts thereof. The present further provides aqueous polymerization processes for making the polymers. The water-soluble polymers are useful as water-treatment additives for boiler waters and cooling towers and as detergent additives acting as builders, anti-filming agents, dispersants, sequestering agents and encrustation inhibitors.

Abstract: This invention provides novel water-soluble terpolymers. These terpolymers contain as polymerized units(a) from about 92 to about 30 percent by weight of one or more C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids;(b) from about 5 to about 50 percent by weight of one or more aminoacryloyl derivatives; and(c) from about 3 to about 25 percent by weight of one or more monoethylenically unsaturated monomers polymerizable with (a) and (b). These terpolymers are useful in detergent formulations, particularly automatic machine dishwashing detergent formulations.

Abstract: Polymers having amine sulfide terminal moieties are provided. The amine sulfide terminal moieties are imparted by using amine-thiols as chain transfer agents in aqueous addition polymerizations.The polymers are useful as mineral dispersants, as water-treatment additives for boiler waters, cooling towers, reverse osmosis applications, sugar refining, paper production, geothermal processes and oil wells, and as detergent additives acting as builders, anti-filming agents, dispersants, sequestering agents and encrustation inhibitors.

Abstract: The present invention provides water-soluble poylmers containing, as polymerized units: (a) from about 3 to about 95 percent by weight of one or more cyclohexene anhydrides or the alkali metal or ammonium salts thereof. The present further provides aqueous polymerization processes for making the polymers. The water-soluble polymers are useful as water-treatment additives for boiler waters and cooling towers and as detergent additives acting as builders, anti-filming agents, dispersants, sequestering agents and encrustation inhibitors.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for preventing dye from depositing onto fabric, and fabric finishing compositions useful in the dye deposition inhibiting process of this invention. Specifically, a process is provided where 1) an aqueous bath is formed comprising a) water, b) dyed fabric, and c) a dye deposition inhibiting agent, 2) the dyed fabric is treated in the aqueous bath and the fabric releases a portion of the dye from the dyed fabric into the bath, and 3) the dye inhibiting agent is maintained in contact with the dyed fabric for the duration of the treating step. The dye deposition inhibiting agent is added to the process as a fabric finishing composition comprised of at least 0.1 wt % dye deposition inhibiting agent.

Abstract: This invention provides novel water-soluble terpolymers. These terpolymers contain as polymerized units(a) from about 92 to about 30 percent by weight of one or more C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids;(b) from about 5 to about 50 percent by weight of one or more aminoacryloyl derivatives; and(c) from about 3 to about 25 percent by weight of one or more monoethylenically unsaturated monomers polymerizable with (a) and (b). These terpolymers are useful in detergent formulations, particularly automatic machine dishwashing detergent formulations.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an organic radical having at least 2 carbon atoms;R.sub.2 is an organic radical; andA=CO, CH.sub.2, or CHR.sub.3 where R.sub.3 is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl; andZ.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, and (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyland use as a fungicide and biocide.

Abstract: Polymers having amine sulfide terminal moieties are provided. The amine sulfide terminal moieties are imparted by using aminethiols as chain transfer agents in aqueous addition polymerizations.The polymers are useful as mineral dispersants, as water-treatment additives for boiler waters, cooling towers, reverse osmosis applications, sugar refining, paper production, geothermal processes and oil wells, and as detergent additives acting as builders, anti-filming agents, dispersants, sequestering agents and encrustation inhibitors.

Abstract: A process for efficiently utilizing hypophosphorous acid or salts thereof as a chain transfer agent is provided wherein the polymerization is conducted to a final polymer solids level of at least about 50 percent by weight.The polymers produced are useful as dispersants for paint formulations, additives for laundry and machine dishwashing detergents, mineral dispersants, dispersants for kaolin clay slurries and scale inhibitors, dispersants and corrosion inhibitors for water treatment and oil production.