Abstract: A method may involve forming a first electrode on a structure, where the first electrode defines an anode of a battery, and where the battery is configured to provide electrical power to a circuit located on the structure. The method may further involve forming a second electrode on the structure, where the second electrode defines a cathode of the battery, and where the second electrode is configured to reduce oxygen. And the method may involve embedding the structure in a polymer.

Abstract: An eye-mountable device includes a controller embedded in a polymeric material configured for mounting to a surface of an eye. The controller is electrically connected to an antenna included in the eye-mountable device. The controller is configured to: (i) receive an indication of an interrogation signal via the antenna, (ii) responsive to the interrogation signal, output a substantially unique identification sequence; and (iii) use the antenna to communicate the substantially unique identification sequence. The substantially unique identification sequence can then be used by external readers to associate the eye-mountable device with device-specific information without storing such information on the eye-mountable device.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and apparatuses for loading program data on to an unpowered electronic device, such as an RFID tag that includes volatile memory. Initially, the tag is unpowered. Thus, the volatile memory in the tag will not have any stored data. In order to load data into the memory of the tag, a reader can power the tag wirelessly. The reader includes an antenna configured to transmit electromagnetic radiation and receive backscatter electromagnetic radiation. The reader also includes a processing unit. The processing unit is configured to analyze the backscatter electromagnetic radiation. The processing unit may analyze the backscatter radiation to determine a supply voltage induced in the tag. In response to the induced voltage being greater than a threshold, the processing unit may alter the transmitted electromagnetic radiation to communicate tag data.

Abstract: A body-mountable light sensing device includes a photodiode configured to receive light from a portion of subsurface vasculature and electronics configured to operate the photodiode to measure the received light. The electronics include a photodiode voltage source configured to reverse bias the photodiode, a current mirror, and a sigma-delta modulator configured to generate a digital output related to the received light and having a high resolution while using low power. The digital output could be used to determine a pulse rate or other properties of blood in the portion of subsurface vasculature by detecting absorption of ambient light by blood in the portion of subsurface vasculature. Components of the body-mountable device could be embedded in a polymeric material configured for mounting to a surface of an eye. The digital output and/or related information could be wirelessly communicated by the body-mountable device.

Abstract: An example device includes a silicon substrate having a first substrate surface and a second substrate surface; a plurality of layers associated with one or more electronic components of an integrated circuit (IC), where the plurality of layers are deposited on the second substrate surface; a lithium-based battery having a plurality of battery layers deposited on the first substrate surface of the silicon substrate, where the lithium-based battery includes an anode current collector and a cathode current collector; a first through-silicon via (TSV) passing through the silicon substrate and providing an electrical connection between the anode current collector and the plurality of layers associated with the one or more electronic components of the IC; and a second TSV passing through the silicon substrate and providing an electrical connection between the cathode current collector and the plurality of layers associated with the one or more electronic components of the IC.

Abstract: An electrochemical battery can include electrodes (a cathode and an electrode) arranged on respective surfaces of an electrolyte. The electrodes and electrolyte can each be solid state films that can be layered on top of one another to create a stacked structure disposed on a substrate. A polymeric sealant material can be applied over and around the battery stack and a moisture barrier can be formed over the sealant material to thereby prevent moisture from reaching the battery. Conductive terminals electrically coupled to the cathode and anode, respectively, can be formed on a second side of the substrate. As such, the battery can be flip-chip mounted to corresponding mounting pads and thereby connected to other electronics that can receive power from the battery.

Abstract: An eye-mountable device (EMD) includes a lens enclosure, liquid crystal material, first and second electrodes, a substrate, and a controller. The lens enclosure includes a first encapsulation layer and a second encapsulation layer sealed to the first encapsulation layer. The liquid crystal material is disposed across a central region of the lens enclosure. The first electrode is disposed within the lens enclosure between the first encapsulation layer and the liquid crystal material. The second electrode is disposed within the lens enclosure between the second encapsulation layer and the liquid crystal material. The substrate is disposed within the lens enclosure between the first and second encapsulation layers. The controller is disposed on the substrate and electrically coupled to the first and second electrodes to apply a voltage across the liquid crystal material.

Abstract: An eye-mountable device includes an enclosure material, a sensor system, and a controller. The enclosure material has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is configured to be removeably mounted over a cornea and the second surface is configured to be compatible with eyelid motion when the concave surface is so mounted. The sensor system is disposed within the enclosure material. The sensor system has at least one value that varies with changes in a gazing direction of the cornea. The controller is disposed within the enclosure material and electrically connected to the sensor system. The controller is configured to measure the value of the sensor system to detect the changes in the gazing direction.

Abstract: A method may involve forming a first electrode on a structure, where the first electrode defines an anode of a battery, and where the battery is configured to provide electrical power to a circuit located on the structure. The method may further involve forming a second electrode on the structure, where the second electrode defines a cathode of the battery, and where the second electrode is configured to reduce oxygen. And the method may involve embedding the structure in a polymer.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to systems and/or methods for subtracting in the current domain an output current primary signal from a primary sensor from an output current reference signal from a reference sensor to produce a frequency output signal indicative of the difference between the output current primary signal and the output current reference signal.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods employing contact lens sensors are provided. In some aspects, a contact lens includes a substrate that forms at least a portion of the body of the contact lens; an optical communication device disposed on or within the substrate; and a photodetector disposed on or within the substrate, wherein the photodetector harvests light emitted from a device and generates power from the harvested light. In some aspects, an apparatus comprises a tag having a circuit including: an optical communication device; and a photodetector that harvests light received and generates power from the harvested light. The tag can be disposed on or within a contact lens in various aspects.

Abstract: An eye-mountable device including a lens including a polymeric material, the lens operable to be removably mounted over a corneal surface of an eye and to be compatible with a motion of an eyelid when the concave surface is so mounted; a sensor coupled to the lens and operable to provide output data indicative of whether an eyelid of an eye on which the lens is mounted is closed; and a display operable to display a light signal in response to the output data from the sensor that the eyelid is closed. A method including determining whether an eyelid of a wearer of an eye-mountable device is closed; and when an eyelid of a wearer is closed, sending a light signal from the eye-mountable device.

Abstract: A body-mountable light sensing device includes a photodiode configured to receive light from a portion of subsurface vasculature and electronics configured to operate the photodiode to measure the received light. The electronics include a photodiode voltage source configured to reverse bias the photodiode, a current mirror, and a sigma-delta modulator configured to generate a digital output related to the received light and having a high resolution while using low power. The digital output could be used to determine a pulse rate or other properties of blood in the portion of subsurface vasculature by detecting absorption of ambient light by blood in the portion of subsurface vasculature. Components of the body-mountable device could be embedded in a polymeric material configured for mounting to a surface of an eye. The digital output and/or related information could be wirelessly communicated by the body-mountable device.

Abstract: An example device includes a silicon substrate having a first substrate surface and a second substrate surface; a plurality of layers associated with one or more electronic components of an integrated circuit (IC), where the plurality of layers are deposited on the second substrate surface; a lithium-based battery having a plurality of battery layers deposited on the first substrate surface of the silicon substrate, where the lithium-based battery includes an anode current collector and a cathode current collector; a first through-silicon via (TSV) passing through the silicon substrate and providing an electrical connection between the anode current collector and the plurality of layers associated with the one or more electronic components of the IC; and a second TSV passing through the silicon substrate and providing an electrical connection between the cathode current collector and the plurality of layers associated with the one or more electronic components of the IC.

Abstract: Techniques and mechanisms for providing an eye-mountable device including an accommodation actuator. In an embodiment, fabrication of the eye-mountable device includes sealing layers of enclosure material to form a lens enclosure comprising a pinch-off region where the layers of enclosure material physically contact one another. The accommodation actuator includes a liquid crystal layer disposed between the layers of enclosure material in a central region around which the pinch-off region extends. In another embodiment, electrodes are disposed in the central region each between the liquid crystal layer and a respective one of the layers of enclosure material. The liquid crystal layer isolates the electrodes from one another in the central region.

Abstract: Methods and systems described herein relate to broadcasting an advertisement event on a wireless channel. An example method includes generating, based on data, a data signal including one or more data packets, where each of the one or more data packets is a non-connectable and non-scannable data packet; generating an RF signal using an oscillator circuit; directly modulating the RF signal, based on the data signal, to generate a modulated RF signal; amplifying the modulated RF signal; broadcasting the amplified modulated RF signal on the wireless channel, where the amplified modulated RF signal is associated with the advertisement event.

Abstract: An eye-mountable device can include a transparent material and a substrate at least partially embedded in the transparent material. The transparent material can have a concave surface and a convex surface, with the concave surface configured to removably mount the eye-mountable device on a corneal surface overlaying a pupil. A light source can be disposed on the substrate and configured to emit light through the concave surface and towards the corneal surface such that the emitted light is viewable through the pupil. The light source can be controlled by circuitry disposed on the substrate. The circuitry can be configured to modulate the light emitted by the light source to provide modulated light.

Abstract: In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method is disclosed. The method involves: a reader detecting an eye-mountable device within a wireless communication range of the reader, wherein the eye-mountable device includes a transparent material having a concave mounting surface configured to be removably mounted on a corneal surface; wirelessly retrieving from the detected eye-mountable device a first set of data; using the retrieved first set of data to determine that a condition has been satisfied; and responsive to using the retrieved first set of data to determine that the condition has been satisfied, retrieving from the detected eye-mountable device a second set of data.

Abstract: A reader for communicating with both an eye-mountable device and a display device is provided. The reader can transmit radio frequency power to a tag that is part of the eye-mountable device. The reader can communicates with the tag using a first protocol. Communicating with the tag can include having the reader request data from the tag and receive the requested data from the tag. The reader can process the received data. The reader can store the processed data. The reader can communicates with the display device using a second protocol, where the first and second protocols can differ. Communicating with the display device can include having the reader transmit the stored data to the display device. The display device can receive the transmitted data, process the transmitted data, and generate one or more displays including the transmitted and/or processed data.

Abstract: A body-mountable device can include a transparent material and a substrate at least partially embedded in the transparent material. The transparent material can have a mounting surface and a surface opposite the mounting surface. A light source can be disposed on the substrate and configured to emit light through the surface opposite the mounting surface. The light source can be controlled by circuitry disposed on the substrate. The circuitry can be configured to receive modulation instructions and modulate the light emitted by the light source based on the modulation instructions.