Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for producing hydrocarbons. A method for producing hydrocarbons may include two or more reactors having a distributed aromatic rich feed and hydrogen system. Using this configuration, the aromatic rich feed and hydrogen streams are split equally to all reactors wherein each reactor contains a catalyst. The outlet from the last reactor may include a recycle that may be injected into the inlet of the first reactor.

Abstract: A process for increasing the yields of propylene is presented. The process is an FCC process for producing light olefins, and utilizes a smaller secondary reactor that uses the same catalyst, or a different catalyst as in the FCC reactor. The FCC effluent is separated, and C4 and C5 olefins are recovered. The C4 and C5 olefins are passed to the secondary reactor for cracking to generate increased light olefin yields.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for processing hydrocarbons are provided. In one embodiment, a method for processing hydrocarbons includes providing a stream of olefins including normal olefins and non-normal olefins. The method includes separating the normal olefins from the non-normal olefins to form a stream of normal olefins. Further, the method polymerizes the stream of normal olefins to form a stream of polymerized normal olefins. The method also includes saturating the stream of polymerized normal olefins to form a stream of normal paraffins.

Abstract: Methods and systems of processing a hydrocarbonaceous feed stock flows are provided. In one aspect, the method includes providing two or more hydroprocessing stages disposed in sequence, each hydroprocessing stage having a hydroprocessing reaction zone with a hydrogen requirement and each stage in fluid communication with the preceding stage. A hydrogen source is provided substantially free of hydrogen from a hydrogen recycle compressor. The hydrocarbonaceous feed stock flow is separated into an portions of fresh feed for each hydroprocessing stage, and then supplying the first portion of fresh feed with hydrogen from the hydrogen source in an amount satisfying substantially all of the hydrogen requirements of the hydroprocessing stages to a first hydroprocessing zone.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are presented for the conversion of light paraffins to heavier liquid fuels or distillate. The process and apparatus includes conversion of a paraffin stream to an olefinic stream. The olefinic stream is passed through a reactor zone to convert the olefins to heavier hydrocarbons, including branched paraffins and branched olefins. The process includes recycling a portion of the product to the reactors for controlling the heat and reaction rate of the dimerization or oligomerization process.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are presented for the conversion of propane to higher valued fuels, such as gasoline and diesel. The process includes the dehydrogenation of propane to generate a propylene stream. The propylene stream is oligomerized and controlled to generate a liquid hydrocarbon stream in the C6 to C12 range.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are presented for the conversion of propane to higher valued fuels, such as gasoline and diesel. The process includes the dehydrogenation of propane to generate a propylene stream. The propylene stream is oligomerized and controlled to generate a liquid hydrocarbon stream in the C6 to C12 range.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a measurement associated with a cloud point of a biofuel being produced in a refining system. The method also includes determining how to adjust the refining system based on a desired cloud point of the biofuel and the measurement associated with the cloud point. The method further includes outputting a control signal to adjust the refining system based on the determination. Determining how to adjust the refining system could include determining how to adjust an inlet temperature of a reactor in the refining system. The reactor could represent an isomerization reactor, and a heater could heat material entering the isomerization reactor. Determining how to adjust the inlet temperature of the reactor could include determining how to adjust operation of the heater. A model predictive control (MPC) technique could be used to determine how to adjust the inlet temperature of the isomerization reactor.

Abstract: A process and apparatus uses a flash drum to separate light hydrocarbons from heavy oligomerate from an oligomerization zone. The heavy oligomerate can bypass a fractionation column in the oligomerate recovery section and be recycled to the oligomerization zone or other zones. Costs are saved by avoiding repeatedly transporting and processing the heavier recycled oligomerate.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process optimizing the yield of propylene from a fluid catalytic cracking unit. The method combines a first catalytic reactor, a fractionation zone, a separation unit and a second catalytic reactor. The separation unit produces a first separation unit stream and a second separation unit stream, the first separation unit stream comprising Cx paraffins, and the second separation unit stream comprising Cx olefins, wherein the second separation unit stream is passed to a second catalytic reactor and the first separation unit stream is removed from the process.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for processing hydrocarbons are provided. In one embodiment, a method for processing hydrocarbons includes providing a stream of olefins including normal olefins and non-normal olefins. The method includes separating the normal olefins from the non-normal olefins to form a stream of normal olefins. Further, the method polymerizes the stream of normal olefins to form a stream of polymerized normal olefins. The method also includes saturating the stream of polymerized normal olefins to form a stream of normal paraffins.

Abstract: A process and apparatus uses a flash drum to separate light hydrocarbons from heavy oligomerate from an oligomerization zone. The heavy oligomerate can bypass a fractionation column in the oligomerate recovery section and be recycled to the oligomerization zone or other zones. Costs are saved by avoiding repeatedly transporting and processing the heavier recycled oligomerate.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are presented for the conversion of light paraffins to heavier liquid fuels or distillate. The process and apparatus includes conversion of a paraffin stream to an olefinic stream. The olefinic stream is passed through a reactor zone to convert the olefins to heavier hydrocarbons, including branched paraffins and branched olefins. The process includes recycling a portion of the product to the reactors for controlling the heat and reaction rate of the dimerization or oligomerization process.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are presented for the conversion of light paraffins to heavier liquid fuels or distillate. The process and apparatus includes conversion of a paraffin stream to an olefinic stream. The olefinic stream is passed through a reactor zone to convert the olefins to heavier hydrocarbons, including branched paraffins and branched olefins. The process includes recycling a portion of the product to the reactors for controlling the heat and reaction rate of the dimerization or oligomerization process.

Abstract: A process for treating pyrolysis gasoline that includes introducing a pyrolysis gasoline stream into a first stage reactor and performing a fractionation process on the pyrolysis gasoline stream after being routed through the first stage reactor. After performing the fractionation process, splitting the resultant stream is split into a first stream and a second stream. Next, the first stream is routed to a first portion of a second stage reactor and the second stream is routed to a second portion of the second stage reactor. Preferably, the first stage reactor is a di-olefin reactor, and the second stage reactor is a hydrotreater reactor.

Abstract: A process for treating pyrolysis gasoline that includes providing a first stage di-olefin reactor that includes a first bed and a second bed and introducing a pyrolysis gasoline stream to the first bed of the first stage di-olefin reactor. The process also preferably includes providing interstage cooling to the pyrolysis gasoline stream between the first and second beds of the first stage di-olefin reactor and routing the cooled pyrolysis gasoline stream through the second bed of the first stage di-olefin reactor. Finally, embodiments of the process also preferably involve routing at least a portion of an effluent stream from the second bed of the first stage di-olefin reactor to a location upstream of the first bed of the first stage di-olefin reactor, such that the effluent stream is configured to be combined with the pyrolysis gasoline stream.

Abstract: A process for removal of trace chloride contaminants from a reactor effluent in a catalytic dehydrogenation process is described. The reactor effluent is compressed in a compressor to provide a compressed effluent. The compressed effluent is introduced from the compressor into a chloride treater. In the chloride treater, trace chloride contaminants in the compressed effluent are adsorbed to provide a treated effluent. The treated effluent is cooled in a cooler.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a fractionation zone for an alkylation apparatus. The fractionation zone can be a column adapted to receive a feed including at least one alcohol, water, and at least one ketone. The column may provide an overhead stream including the at least one ketone and a side-stream including the at least one alcohol and water.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods and apparatuses for processing a renewable feedstock are provided herein. In one example, a method comprises dividing a H2-rich make-up stream into a first H2-rich portion and a second H2-rich portion. The second H2-rich portion has a lower mass flow rate than the first H2-rich portion. The renewable feedstock is deoxygenated in the presence of the first H2-rich portion at hydroprocessing conditions effective to form a deoxygenating reaction zone effluent that contains normal paraffins. At least a portion of the deoxygenating reaction zone effluent is isomerized in the presence of the second H2-rich portion at isomerization conditions effective to form an isomerization reaction zone effluent that contains branched paraffin. The isomerization conditions include a first hydrogen partial pressure of about 4,140 kPa gauge or less.

Abstract: A process has been developed for producing fuel from renewable feedstocks such as plant and animal oils and greases. The process involves treating a first portion of a renewable feedstock by hydrogenating and deoxygenating in a first reaction zone and a second portion of a renewable feedstock by hydrogenating and deoxygenating in a second reaction zone to provide a diesel boiling point range fuel hydrocarbon product. If desired, the hydrocarbon product can be isomerized to improve cold flow properties. A portion of the hydrocarbon product is recycled to the first reaction zone to increase the hydrogen solubility of the reaction mixture.