Abstract: Differential hardening apparatus for softening a portion only of a metal workpiece such as a die block consisting of apparatus for presenting a workpiece to a heat source which impinges heat directly on the workpiece and control means for causing the heat to be directed only long enough to soften only the portion which receives the heat so as to create a softened portion, such as the shank portion of a die block, and an unaffected hardened portion, such as the body portion of the die block.

Abstract: Apparatus for softening a selected portion of a steel object which comprises subjecting the selected portion to electrical energy derived from induction heating or infrared heating to a controlled depth, preferably just sufficiently deep to soften said portion but not sufficiently deep to soften the remainder of the part.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for tempering the shank portion only of die blocks which comprises subjecting the shank portion of a die block or other large metal part to electrical energy derived from induction heating or infrared heating to a controlled depth, preferably just sufficiently deep to temper the shank portion but not sufficiently deep to temper the hardened working portion of the part.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for tempering the shank portion only of die blocks which comprises subjecting the shank portion of a die block or other large metal part to electrical energy derived from induction heating or infrared heating to a controlled depth, preferably just sufficiently deep to temper the shank portion but not sufficiently deep to temper the hardened working portion of the part.

Abstract: A steel and tool made therefrom which in a tempered condition of 388 BHN or softer has high strength, high wear resistance together with excellent toughness in the range of 15% elongation and 35 ft-lbs. charpy and having the following composition:______________________________________ C .33-.39 Mn .50-.70 P .025 max. S .025 max. Si .40-.60 Ni 1.05-1.35 Cr 1.33-1.68 Mo .40-.60 Cu .60-.90 Al .010-.

Abstract: Fabricated components, such as plastic injection molds, forging tools and machine components formed from a fine grained, low phosphorus, high hardness, high wear resistance, high hardenability, good machineability and high polishability, low alloy steel which is suitable for applications at elevated temperatures and at room temperatures, and an alloy steel having the following composition,______________________________________ C .45-.60 Mn .75-.95 P .017 max S .025 max Si .15-.35 Ni .60-2.00 Cr .85-1.30 Mo .40-.85 V 0-.30 Al 0-.030 Ti .003-.020 N.sub.2 40-90 ppm ______________________________________the S, V and Al all being present in at least a small but effective amount, said steel and fabricated parts made therefrom being characterized by austenite grain boundaries being pinned with titanium nitrides.

Abstract: A maraging type magnetic hot work implement, such as a forging die, or a tool, such as a turbine blade, having Ni.sub.3 Mo, Ni.sub.3 Al and, preferably, Ni.sub.3 Ti strengthening precipitates dispersed uniformly, and being substantially Co free, said product having the following approximate composition by weight percent:______________________________________ C less than .20 Mn .80 max P .015 max S .010 max Si .15-.35 Ni 6.00-16.00 Cr 6.00-14.00 Mo 2.00-6.00 V 0.3-.15 Ti 0.00-4.00 Al .20-8.00 Fe balance together with incidental impurities and other elements not significantly adversely affecting performance ______________________________________and methods of manufacture thereof.

Abstract: A dual purpose steel having high strength, high hardness, high wear resistance, high hardenability and easy machining and therefore being equally well suited for (a) elevated temperature closed die forging (b) room temperature machine part applications, such as gears, pinions, etc.

Abstract: A warm forging implement having high tensile strength, high abrasion resistance, high impact strength and high ductility and a composition within the following ranges:______________________________________ C .28-.36 Mn .40-1.00 P Usual S Usual Si up to .35 Ni 1.65-3.40 Cr .80-1.30 Mo .40-1.00 V .05-.15 ______________________________________and a method of manufacture thereof which includes either single or double vacuum treatment, the second vacuum treatment being vacuum arc remelting.

Abstract: A 12 percent stainless-type steel having high polishability characterized by high carbon, moderate Mo and a combination of V and Nb not to exceed about 0.1 percent, and a method of production which includes forming a vacuum arc remelt electrode by means of vacuum arc degassing treatment and protective pouring.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing high quality steel having less than about 1 ppm H, 50 ppm N, 25 ppm O and 0.005 S which includes subjection to vacuum, gas purging, and alternating current heating arcs, followed by shrouded pouring into sealed ingot molds to form a VAR electrode which is subsequently remelted under a very low absolute vacuum and re-solidified.

Abstract: A low alloy steel product having high hardenability and good machaniability in the presence of a relatively low S content, and utilizing minimal quantities of the currently expensive elements Ni and Mo is disclosed, the product having the following approximate composition:______________________________________ C from about .42 to about .52 Si from about .15 to about .35 Ni from about .65 to about .95 Cr from about 1.40 to about 1.60 Mo from about .30 to about .50 Mn from about .75 to about .95 V from about .04 to about .10 S from about .010 to about .025 Ti from about .003 to about .075 Al from about .015 to about .030 Ca about 15% of Al H 2.

Abstract: A low alloy steel having a medium carbon content, and less than about 5% and less than about 1% Mn, which has hardenability approaching unity derived from the presence of N in an amount of from about 100-400 ppm, and a method of manufacturing such a steel which preferably contains the processing step in the late stages of manufacture of bubbling nitrogen gas through the molten steel.

Abstract: A series of controlled quenching of elevated temperature steel work pieces includes locating hot work pieces on a support at distances from one another sufficient to avoid slack quenching and subjecting the work pieces to a forced draft at a speed which results in consistent uniformity of hardness and uniformity of grain size of which about 10 MPH is exemplary, and an apparatus therefore which provides two pass cooling so that minimum horsepower is used and environmental degradation is avoided.

Abstract: A low alloy hot work implement which retains its fine grain size at elevated working temperatures up to the range of 2,200 degrees F. to 2,250 degrees F. characterized in having a substantial content of N in the range of 75-150 ppm and, preferably, Co in the range of 0.01 to 0.1 the implement being further characterized by relatively narrow ranges of C, Mn, Si, Ni, Cr, Mo, and V, and substantial contents of Al which furnishes the basis for a substantial presence of aluminum nitrides in the final product.

Abstract: A steel product, such as a medium carbon die block, having good impact, ductility, transverse and physical properties, and lower than normal sulphur contents yet having machinability equal or better than higher sulphur levels characterized by a lower than ordinary level of stringer-type inclusions, other inclusions being mainly of the non-deleterious globular type.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new method for the post melting treatment of molten steel in all, or nearly all, of the post melting systems in use at this time to lower the oxygen, hydrogen, and, to some extent, the nitrogen content thereof, and carry out the other purposes for which such systems are used including temperature and chemical homogenization continuous casting, piggy backing and other post melting treatment systems in use at this time in a manner which is less capital intensive, easier to operate and simpler in construction and operation than any of the basic systems, and apparatus therefor.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and apparatus for treating molten metal to lower the oxygen, hydrogen, and, to some extent, the nitrogen content thereof in a manner which is less capital intensive, easier to operate and simpler in construction and operation than the vacuum arc degassing system.

Abstract: An improved electric arc furnace provides increased capacity and reduced operating costs. The furnace has an ob-round shape which locates sidewalls further from the source of heat. The improved furnace can accept a larger scrap charge and provides a larger surface area for slag reactions to take place. All of these advantages are obtained without the need for building new foundations or ancillary equipment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for post-melting treatment of molten steel in which a container of molten steel is subjected to a sub-atmospheric pressure generated by air ejector means and, simultaneously, to an inert gas purge. A higher inert gas purge rate is used with an air ejector system than with a steam jet ejector system because the treatment pressure in the air ejector system is higher than the treatment pressure in the steam jet system. Heating means for at least partially compensating for heat loss is also disclosed.