Abstract: Molten steel is refined by a method that includes the steps of isolation from contact with the ambient and atmosphere, motion of the molten steel so that portions of the molten steel remote from the surface up to the surface, and addition of heat to the portions of the molten steel at the surface from a heating arc.

Abstract: A method of refining steel in the ladle using a low melting point slag is disclosed. Both ELS and resulfurized steels are subjected to the simultaneous effect of a vacuum and a purging agent, preferably an inert gas, to lower the H.sub.2 content into the flake-free range irrespective of the chemistry of the steel, and heat is added via AC arcs from non-consumable electrodes at a temperature only slightly higher than the solidication temperature of the steel, preferably about 2840.degree. F. Steel produced thereby is also disclosed.

Abstract: An improved trimming arrangement is disclosed which is particularly suited for use with a craft having planing hull with a marine drive. In one embodiment, the trimming arrangement includes a submerged trim hydrofoil which is affixed to the drive housing of the drive system beneath the screw propeller drive shaft. So that the efficiency of the planing hull and drive system are improved at hull-planing speeds, the trim hydrofoil is positioned to create a downward force component of the stern of the planing hull during forward movement through the water. The bow of the hull is thereby urged upwardly, thus minimizing the wetted area of the hull and improving its efficiency. In a further embodiment, the trimming arrangement includes a selectively adjustable submerged hydrofoil pivotably mounted to the transom of the planing hull which is operable to provide the desired downward force component on the stern of the hull.

Abstract: A ladle steelmaking process in which ramp modulation of vacuum boil, voltage shedding to avoid glow and multiple stirring sources are employed individually, or in any combination, with the basic vacuum are degassing parameters (vacuum, purging and AC area) to shorten cycle time, and apparatus therefore.

Abstract: A steel especially adapted for applications in which high fatigue resistance is required, and having a nominal composition of:C -- from about 0.16 to about 0.28Mn -- from about 0.50 to about 1.00Si -- from about 0.15 to about 0.35Ni -- from about 0.40 to about 1.10Cr -- from about 0.40 to about 1.15Mo -- from about 0.15 to about 0.30S -- 0.025 max.P -- 0.025 max.Together with:A. V from a minimum of about 0.04 in the absence of Al to a maximum of about 0.08, orB. Al from a minimum of about 0.030 in the absence of V to a maximum of about 0.19, orC. V and Al in combination in an amount sufficient to produce a grain size of 5 or finer ASTMFe -- balanceH.sub.2 -- 2.5 ppm maximumO.sub.2 -- 50 ppm maximum,A method of making a special machinery part, such as a hammer rod, from the above composition, and a forged part made from the above composition is disclosed.

Abstract: A method of making a die steel, and the product thereof, in which melting to specified chemical ranges is subordinated to the achievement of a specified final property or properties, such as hardenability, by any combination of elements which will produce the specified final property starting from the most economical scrap mix available. Specifically, when seeking to achieve a minimum hardenability, the minimum required D.sub.I is determined and, after providing minimum qualities of elements needed to ensure attainment of essential use characteristics except hardenability, the lowest cost element which will ensure attainment of the minimum required D.sub.I is added. In the event a maximum practical upper limit of the first hardenability make-up element is reached for any reason, such as refractory attack in the case of manganese, before the required D.sub.