Abstract: A flash lens and a flash module employing the same. The flash lens includes a lens unit including an incident surface, a reflecting surface, and a light-emitting surface; and a lens seating portion disposed at a lower portion of an edge of the light-emitting surface, extending and protruding from the reflecting surface, and including a pattern formed in a lower surface thereof. In addition, the flash module according to an embodiment of the present invention may include the flash lens and a light emitting diode (LED) chip integrally formed with the flash lens.

Abstract: A lighting device including: a light-emitting device unit including one or more light-emitting devices; a first reflector which faces the light-emitting device unit and reflects light emitted from the light-emitting device unit; and a second reflector which faces the first reflector and reflects light reflected by the first reflector.

Abstract: A bulb-type semiconductor light-emitting device lamp having wide light distribution characteristics which are similar to those of a typical incandescent bulb is provided. The semiconductor light-emitting device lamp includes: a plurality of light-emitting devices that are arranged such that light is emitted therefrom toward a central axis of the bulb-type semiconductor light-emitting device lamp. Also, the bulb-type semiconductor light-emitting device lamp includes a heat dissipation structure having a plurality of installation surfaces that surround the central axis and are separated from each other, wherein each of the plurality of light-emitting devices includes one or more light-emitting devices.

Abstract: Provided is a lighting apparatus including: a plurality of light-emitting devices; a mounting portion on which the plurality of light-emitting devices is disposed; and a light guide cover which guides light emitted from the plurality of light-emitting devices to the outside.

Abstract: An omnidirectional semiconductor light emitting device lamp has a light distribution characteristic having a large range similar to that of a general incandescent lamp. The semiconductor light emitting device lamp includes a light emitting device for emitting light in all directions and reflection plates arranged at a front surface and a lateral surface of the light emitting device. The light emitted from the light emitting device is reflected from the reflection plate located at the front side and the reflection plate located at the lateral side and emitted to a rear side of the light emitting device. A reflection film is formed on all exposed portions of a surface of the substrate on which the light emitting device is mounted.

Abstract: A light emitting device (LED) package is disclosed. The light emitting device package includes a light emitting device, a substrate on which the light emitting device is mounted in plural; and a lens mounted on the substrate so as to cover and seal the light emitting device and having an accommodating groove formed in a lower surface thereof contacting the substrate, the accommodating groove accommodating the light emitting device, and a concave portion formed in an upper surface thereof in such a manner as to be disposed at a position corresponding to the light emitting device, wherein the concave portion has a radius of curvature on an optical axis of the lens and is formed to be depressed from the upper surface to the lower surface.

Abstract: A flash lens and a flash module employing the same. The flash lens includes a lens unit including an incident surface, a reflecting surface, and a light-emitting surface; and a lens seating portion disposed at a lower portion of an edge of the light-emitting surface, extending and protruding from the reflecting surface, and including a pattern formed in a lower surface thereof. In addition, the flash module according to an embodiment of the present invention may include the flash lens and a light emitting diode (LED) chip integrally formed with the flash lens.

Abstract: There is provided a subminiature imaging optical system installed in a mobile telecommunication terminal or a PDA, or used in a surveillance camera or a digital camera. The subminiature imaging optical system including: first, second, third and fourth lenses sequentially positioned from an object side to an image side, the first lens having positive refractive power, the second lens having negative refractive power, the third lens having negative refractive power, and the fourth lens having positive refractive power, wherein each of the third and fourth lenses has at least one aspherical surface. The subminiature imaging optical system corrects chromatic aberration superbly to reduce color fringing significantly, thereby achieving high resolution and compactness as well.

Abstract: There is provided a high-definition imaging optical system including: an aperture stop; a first lens disposed at an image side of the aperture stop, the first lens having a positive refractive power and having a convex object-side surface; a second lens disposed at an image side surface of the first lens; a third lens disposed at an image side surface of the second lens; a fourth lens having a convex image-side surface and having a positive refractive power; and a fifth lens having a concave image-side surface and having a negative refractive power, wherein a combined refractive power of the second and third lenses is negative. The optical system is high-performing and compact and can be further improved in resolution. Also, the optical system can correct chromatic aberration and improve color fringing in the case of indoor or outdoor photographing.

Abstract: There is provided a high-definition imaging optical system including: an aperture stop; a first lens disposed at an image side of the aperture stop, the first lens having a positive refractive power and having a convex object-side surface; a second lens disposed at an image side surface of the first lens; a third lens disposed at an image side surface of the second lens; a fourth lens having a convex image-side surface and having a positive refractive power; and a fifth lens having a concave image-side surface and having a negative refractive power, wherein a combined refractive power of the second and third lenses is negative. The optical system is high-performing and compact and can be further improved in resolution. Also, the optical system can correct chromatic aberration and improve color fringing in the case of indoor or outdoor photographing.

Abstract: There is provided a subminiature imaging optical system installed in a mobile telecommunication terminal or a PDA, or used in a surveillance camera or a digital camera. The subminiature imaging optical system including: first, second, third and fourth lenses sequentially positioned from an object side to an image side, the first lens having positive refractive power, the second lens having negative refractive power, the third lens having negative refractive power, and the fourth lens having positive refractive power, wherein each of the third and fourth lenses has at least one aspherical surface. The subminiature imaging optical system corrects chromatic aberration superbly to reduce color fringing significantly, thereby achieving high resolution and compactness as well.

Abstract: Disclosed is an objective lens for a DVD/CD compatible optical pickup, which improves optical efficiency while minimizing aberration occurring due to different disc thicknesses of different optical storage media. The objective lens has first and second aspherical lens surfaces.

Abstract: Disclosed is a chewing gum composition capable of eliminating nicotine component from the body of a person chewing the chewing gum. Such a chewing gum composition functions to convert the nicotine produced in a human body after smoking to cotinine and to discharge the cotinine into urine. Accordingly, by chewing the chewing gum of the present invention, not only nicotine can be eliminated from the body, but also the incidence of cancer due to nicotine can be largely reduced.

Abstract: Disclosed is an objective lens for a DVD/CD compatible optical pickup, which improves optical efficiency while minimizing aberration occurring due to different disc thicknesses of different optical storage media. The objective lens has first and second aspherical lens surfaces.

Abstract: Disclosed is a chewing gum composition capable of eliminating nicotine component from the body of a person chewing the chewing gum. Such a chewing gum composition functions to convert the nicotine produced in a human body after smoking to cotinine and to discharge the cotinine into urine. Accordingly, by chewing the chewing gum of the present invention, not only nicotine can be eliminated from the body, but also the incidence of cancer due to nicotine can be largely reduced.

Abstract: A zoom lens system includes three lens groups. The first lens group and the third lens group have a positive refractive power, and the second lens group has a negative refractive power. The second lens group and the third lens group move along an optical axis when zooming from a wide-angle position to a telephoto position. The zoom lens system satisfies the following conditions:2.0<.beta..sub.2 (T)/.beta..sub.3 (T)<2.5-0.7<.beta..sub.3 (T)<-0.4where:.beta..sub.2 (T) represents magnification ratio of the second lens group at the telephoto position; and.beta..sub.3 (T) represents magnification ratio of the third lens group at the telephoto position.

Abstract: A zoom lens system including a first lens group of a positive refractive power having two lenses which moves linearly toward an object for a magnification change; a second lens group of a negative refractive power at least having one lens of a negative refractive power and one lens of a positive refractive power adhered thereto; a third lens group of a positive refractive power which moves non-linearly toward the object for a magnification changes; and a fourth lens group of a negative refractive power which moves linearly toward the object for a magnification change.

Abstract: A fast photographic lens system comprises a first lens having a positive refractive power, a convex-shaped outer face and a flat inner face; a second lens having a positive refractive power, a convex-shaped outer face and a concave-shaped inner face; a third lens having a negative refractive power, a slightly convex-shaped outer face, and a concave-shaped inner face; a fourth lens having a negative refractive power and a concave-shaped inner face; a fifth lens, joined with the fourth lens, and having a positive refractive power, a relatively flat inner face and a convex-shaped outer face; a sixth lens having a positive refractive power, a slightly concave-shaped inner face and a convex-shaped outer face; and a seventh lens, having both convex-shaped inner and outer faces.

Abstract: A compact wide-angle photographic lens system of a retrofocus type includes, from the object side, a first, a sixth, and a seventh meniscus lens group of positive refractive powers, a second and a third meniscus lens group of negative refractive powers, a fourth lens group of a positive refractive power being convex toward an object side, and a fifth cemented lens group of a negative refractive power. The lens system satisfies the conditions, 1.0 f<.vertline.f.sub.(1,2,3,4) .vertline.<2.0 f, f.sub.(1,2,3,4) <0, 0.4 f<d(6)+d(7)<0.6 f, 0.1<f/r(5)<0.2, 0.5<f/r(11)<0.7, 1.65<?n(7)+n(8)!/2<1.75, where f represents a focal length of overall lens system, f.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new cephalosporin compounds of the formula (I), particularly 3-position of cephem rings thereof substituted with new thione compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which have broad antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and the said compounds can be prepared by reacting the compounds of the formula (II) with the new thione compounds of the formula (III). ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a C.sub.1-4 alkyl(preferably methyl or ethyl), C.sub.3-4 alkenyl(preferably allyl), C.sub.3-4 alkynyl (preferably propargyl) group or --C(R.sup.a) (R.sup.b)CO.sub.2 H(preferably --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CO.sub.2 H or --CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 H), wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.b, same or different, are a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group;R.sub.2 is a C.sub.1-4 alkyl(preferably methyl or ethyl), C.sub.3-4 alkenyl(preferably allyl), C.sub.3-4 cycloalkyl(preferably cyclopropyl) group or carboxyalkyl(preferably --CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 H) group;R.sub.