Abstract: The present invention relates to a treatment or hydrotreatment reactor comprising at least one granular bed (12), an essentially liquid phase (L) and an essentially gaseous phase (G) present in the bottom of the reactor and separated by an interface (38), and a distribution plate (20) with at least one main chimney (32) allowing circulation of liquid phase (L) towards the bed and at least one passage (30) for feeding gas phase (G) into said bed. According to the invention, plate (20) also comprises at least one mixed chimney (34) for circulation of the liquid phase towards the bed or for feeding the gas phase into said bed.

Abstract: A compact device for mixing fluids in a downflow reactor comprising at least one substantially horizontal gathering device provided with a vertical gathering line intended to receive the fluids, at least one injection device arranged in the gathering line, an annular mixing chamber located downstream from the gathering means in the direction of circulation of the fluids, the mixing chamber comprising an inlet end directly connected to the gathering line and an outlet end for passage of the fluids, and a horizontal predistribution plate comprising at least one chimney, the plate being located downstream from the mixing chamber at a distance d2, in the direction of circulation of the fluids. The reactor is especially useful for exothermic reactions, e.g. hydrotreatment, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, hydrocracking, hydrogenation and hydrodearomatization reactions.

Abstract: The invention is aimed at improving valve pinpointing and reading devices by proposing to activate a magnetic detection source allowing measurements regularly-distributed in a circle around an axis at predetermined measurement positions. An exemplary locator comprises a casing (26) provided with a mechanism for detecting and analysing the magnetic field of the magnetic dipole of the valve. It comprises: -a magnetic detection source (36) able to detect and measure the magnetic field of the magnetic centre of the valve at predetermined measurement positions distributed in a circle around an axis (X-X?), linked to -a microprocessor (32) for analysing the measurements and for generating detection signals.

Abstract: The device described in the present invention allows pre-distribution of the gas and liquid feed supplying a reactor functioning in gas and liquid co-current downflow mode to be carried out by means of a pre-distribution plate comprising a filtration medium and an overflow tube in order to regulate the flow of liquid arriving on the distributor plate located downstream of said device. More particularly, the present invention is applicable to the selective hydrogenation treatment of feeds containing acetylenic and dienic compounds.

Abstract: A device for mixing and distributing two gases upstream of the catalytic zone of a reactor by producing a homogeneous mixture and a profile of velocities which are as flat as possible. The device uses a plurality of internal chambers (I) enclosed in an external chamber (II), the external chamber communicating with each of the internal chambers via orifices pierced in the wall of said internal chambers (I) at a well-defined height. The external chamber (II) is provided with a perforated plate placed at a distance H2 from the inlet pipe for said chamber (II). The device is applied to the inlet of an autothermal reactor.

Abstract: Method in which a gas and a liquid are mixed and distributed in a chamber that comprises a distribution means that consists of a compartment that is filled with liquid through which a gas stream passes. Said method is characterized in that liquid is injected either in gas countercurrent or in gas co-current into the gas passage section or sections through at least two orifices that are present in said compartment, whereby said two orifices are arranged approximately facing one another, and in that the diameter and the number of orifices and/or the speed V of the liquid at the outlet of each of the orifices and/or the distance d between two injection points placed facing one another are selected such that the Froude number Fr, defined by the equation: Fr = V g × d in which g is the gravitational constant, is greater than 0.5.

Abstract: This invention relates to a chamber in which a chemical reaction is carried out in the presence of catalyst and reagents, comprising at least one catalytic tube (10) into which is placed an internal tube (12) for evacuating the gas that is produced, means for introducing reagents (15) and means for introducing the catalyst (16) that are located in the upper portion of the chamber (1), means for heating the catalytic tube (10) that are arranged in the lower portion of the chamber (1), and in which the catalytic tube (10) comprises, in its upper portion above the catalyst (13), means that promote heat exchange between the reagents and the gas that is produced. The invention also relates to the process that uses this chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a treatment or hydrotreatment reactor comprising at least one granular bed (12), an essentially liquid phase (L) and an essentially gaseous phase (G) present in the bottom of the reactor and separated by an interface (38), and a distribution plate (20) with at least one main chimney (32) allowing circulation of liquid phase (L) towards the bed and at least one passage (30) for feeding gas phase (G) into said bed. According to the invention, plate (20) also comprises at least one mixed chimney (34) for circulation of the liquid phase towards the bed or for feeding the gas phase into said bed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for selective hydrogenation by bringing a so-called C2 fraction feedstock into contact with a fixed catalyst bed, whereby said catalyst comprises a substrate and a metal phase that consists of either gold or palladium and gold with a molar ratio of gold to palladium of greater than 5, whereby the contact is carried out in the presence of a solvent that comprises at least one aromatic hydrocarbon, whereby the products that are obtained at the end of the selective hydrogenation can be separated from the solvent by distillation.

Abstract: This invention describes a new device for controlling the radial profile of the temperature of a confined gas stream that is designed to be used as a coolant in an exchanger that is located downstream from said device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of highly thermally-integrated hydrogen by reforming a hydrocarbon feedstock that comprises a stage a wherein a stream of air or water, whose temperature is less by at least 200° C. than the combustion temperature inside a burner, is mixed with the effluent that is obtained from said burner, so as to reduce the temperature of this effluent to less than 725° C.; a stage b wherein the mixture that is obtained from stage a enters a first heat exchanger and is used to superheat at least one stream of water vapor and/or hydrocarbon feedstock in gaseous form, whereby said stream that is thus superheated by indirect heat exchange is injected directly into a reforming reactor where it is used as a fuel; and a stage c wherein the mixture that is obtained from stage b enters a second heat exchanger and is used to totally evaporate a stream of liquid water and/or hydrocarbon feedstock.

Abstract: The invention relates to a start-up process for a unit for producing highly thermally-integrated hydrogen by reforming a hydrocarbon feedstock that comprises a stage a wherein a burner whose purpose is to ensure start-up is supplied with a mixture of hydrocarbon feedstock and air, a stage b wherein a water stream is evaporated by indirect heat exchange with at least one of the hot streams of the process, a stage c wherein the hydrocarbon feedstock to be reformed is evaporated and heated and then introduced in gaseous form in a reforming reactor, and a stage d wherein the start-up burner is shut down, and a burner that is in permanent operation is lit.

Abstract: The device described in the present invention can trap plugging particles contained in the liquid feed supplying a reactor functioning in gas and liquid co-current down-flow mode using a specific distributor tray comprising a filtration medium. The present device is of particular application to the selective hydrogenation of feeds containing acetylenic and dienic compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for circulation of a gaseous and/or liquid fluid through at least one solid particle bed equipped with at least one bypass means acting on at least one part of said fluid through at least one part of a solid particle bed, said bypass means comprising: a pipe whose top end discharges above the upper surface of the catalyst bed and whose bottom end discharges below said surface, and a valve that is made to be actuated in the open position when the differential pressure through the solid particle bed is greater than a predetermined value, said valve including means allowing the automatic variation of the passage section of the fluid based on the fluid flow rate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for mixing and distributing a gas and a liquid, arranged upstream from a granular bed. The device includes a substantially horizontal lower plate, said lower plate being equipped with a plurality of risers evenly distributed over the surface of said plate, each riser having an upper part and a lower end communicating with the underside of said plate, the upper part of the risers being provided with at least one lateral orifice. A substantially horizontal upper plate is provided above which the gas and the liquid are supplied, wherein said upper plate rests on risers extending upwardly from the lower plate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an enclosure (10) comprising at least one packed bed (12) and supply means (20) for delivering at the bottom of the enclosure a mixture of a liquid with a gas. According to the invention, the enclosure comprises a system (22) for separating the liquid phase and the gas phase of said mixture, said system being arranged between bed (12) and said mixture supply means, and this system comprises a housing (24) comprising flow means (32) for the degassed liquid and discharge means (42, 44, 46, 48; 142, 144, 146, 148) for the disengaged gas.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a gas/liquid(s) separation system constituted by three different sections: a primary separator (1) for flows with a G/L in the range 0.1 to 10; a secondary separator (2) for flows with a G/L in the range 10 to 50; a system (3) which limits the formation of a liquid vortex; where G/L is the ratio of the gas to liquid mass flow rates.

Abstract: Method in which a gas and a liquid are mixed and distributed in a chamber that comprises a distribution means that consists of a compartment that is filled with liquid through which a gas stream passes. Said method is characterized in that liquid is injected either in gas countercurrent or in gas co-current into the gas passage section or sections through at least two orifices that are present in said compartment, whereby said two orifices are arranged approximately facing one another, and in that the diameter and the number of orifices and/or the speed V of the liquid at the outlet of each of the orifices and/or the distance d between two injection points placed facing one another are selected such that the Froude number Fr, defined by the equation: Fr = V g × d in which g is the gravitational constant, is greater than 0.5.

Abstract: Device for mixing and distributing a dense, generally liquid, fluid and a light, generally gaseous, fluid, placed in a reaction chamber upstream from a granular bed (70) or between two successive granular beds, the said device being characterized by a tubular system (50) for the introduction of dense fluid from outside the reactor, up to a level lower than the level of establishment of the interface between the dense fluid and the light fluid, situated above the plate and preferably more or less next to that of the plate (62). Application of this device to any type of gas/liquid reaction in a fixed bed in particular for hydrotreatment.

Abstract: A device located between two successive granular beds (203) and (205) for injecting a secondary fluid can produce and distribute a polyphase mixture between said secondary fluid and a fluid or mixture of fluids originating from the upper granular bed and comprises a chamber for injecting a secondary fluid (201), the secondary fluid being injected into said device, and means (204) for bringing said secondary fluid into contact with at least a portion of the fluid or mixture of fluids originating from the upper granular bed (203) and for simultaneous distribution (208) of the mixture resulting from said contact to the lower granular bed (205).