Abstract: The invention relates to a device for mixing and distributing a gas and a liquid, arranged upstream from a granular bed, comprising a gas and liquid delivery means and a substantially horizontal lower plate, said lower plate being equipped with a plurality of risers evenly distributed over the surface of said plate, each riser comprising an upper part and a lower end communicating with the underside of said plate, the upper part of the risers being provided with at least one lateral orifice. The improvement provided by the invention lies in that the delivery means comprises a substantially horizontal upper plate above which the gas and the liquid are supplied, said plate being provided with means for carrying the liquid to the lower plate and with gas separation and carrying means.

Abstract: For mixing and distributing a gas phase and a liquid phase over a granular bed, employing an annular peripheral zone inside a reactor via which liquid is introduced and which acts as a buffer zone against fluctuations in the flow of the liquid phase. The device is applicable to catalytic bed chemical reactors especially for the hydrotreatment of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Described is an enclosed space, a column, or a reactor including a device for mixing and distribution of at least one gaseous phase and at least one liquid phase. The device can be placed upstream of a reaction zone or of a gas/liquid contact zone that can contain a packing bed or a bed of solid, possibly catalytic, particles. Also described is a process for implementing such an enclosed space, column or reactor and to a process for fabricating such an enclosed space, column or reactor.

Abstract: A device that is placed in a vessel for carrying out separate injection (1,6) of two fluids in two different physical states, or which are not miscible, and for homogeneous distribution of at least one of the two fluids in the vessel downstream of said device. The first fluid is injected (6) into the vessel at least one point level with said device, said device being characterized in that it contains a chamber (5) pierced by orifices (7, 8) for the passage of a first fluid. Said chamber (5) is also imperviously traversed by tubes (4) or conduits with a free end acting as a passage through said chamber for the second fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for circulation of a gaseous and/or liquid fluid through at least one solid particle bed equipped with at least one bypass means acting on at least one part of said fluid through at least one part of a solid particle bed, said bypass means comprising: a pipe whose top end discharges above the upper surface of the catalyst bed and whose bottom end discharges below said surface, and a valve that is made to be actuated in the open position when the differential pressure through the solid particle bed is greater than a predetermined value, said valve including means allowing the automatic variation of the passage section of the fluid based on the fluid flow rate.

Abstract: A method and device for photothermal imaging tiny metal particles which are immersed in a given medium like a living cell. The given medium and immersed tiny metal particles are illuminated through separate phase reference laser beam and sensitive probe laser beam, with the sensitive probe laser beam undergoing through impingement on the given medium slight phase changes induced by photothermal effect due to a local heating thanks to a heating laser beam, in the absence of any substantial phase changes to the phase reference laser beam. Illuminating is performed by focusing the separate phase reference laser beam. The induced slight phase changes on the sensitive probe laser beam with reference to the phase reference laser beam are detected through differential phase interference contrast phenomenon so as to allow each of the tiny metal particles in the given medium to be imaged as an optical label.

Abstract: This invention relates to an enclosed space, a column, or a reactor comprising a device for mixing and distribution of at least one gaseous phase and at least one liquid phase, said device being placed upstream of a reaction zone or of a gas/liquid contact zone that can comprise a packing bed or a bed of solid, possibly catalytic, particles. This invention relates also to a process for implementing such an enclosed space and to a process for fabricating such an enclosed space.

Abstract: A device for producing and distributing a polyphase mixture between two fluids comprises a chamber for the passage of a first fluid, said chamber being pierced by perforated tubes or conduits to pass a second fluid in a different physical state than the first fluid or not miscible with the first fluid through the chamber, said tubes being pierced by at least one orifice allowing passage of the first fluid and mixing between the fluids via the tubes. The second fluid is injected upstream of said device and the first fluid is injected into said device.

Abstract: For mixing and distributing a gas phase and a liquid phase over a granular bed, employing an annular peripheral zone inside a reactor via which liquid is introduced and which acts as a buffer zone against fluctuations in the flow of the liquid phase. The device is applicable to catalytic bed chemical reactors especially for the hydrotreatment of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for treatment of a batch with four carbon atoms that contains diene compounds and a minor portion of acetylene compounds is described. A portion of the fluid that circulates in a distillation zone that is enriched with acetylene compounds is drawn off laterally, preferably in the drainage zone, and a selective hydrogenation stage is carried out in a hydrogenation zone that is outside the distillation zone. The hydrogenation effluent that is produced is recycled in the rectification zone. A C4 fraction that comprises butadiene and that is low in acetylene compounds is recovered at the top, and a C5 fraction that is enriched with oligomers is recovered at the bottom.

Abstract: Device for mixing and distributing a dense, generally liquid, fluid and a light, generally gaseous, fluid, placed in a reaction chamber upstream from a granular bed (70) or between two successive granular beds, the said device being characterized by a tubular system (50) for the introduction of dense fluid from outside the reactor, up to a level lower than the level of establishment of the interface between the dense fluid and the light fluid, situated above the plate and preferably more or less next to that of the plate (62). Application of this device to any type of gas/liquid reaction in a fixed bed in particular for hydrotreatment.

Abstract: A method and device for photothermal imaging tiny metal particles which are immersed in a given medium like a living cell. The given medium and immersed tiny metal particles are illuminated through separate phase reference laser beam and sensitive probe laser beam, with the sensitive probe laser beam undergoing through impingement on the given medium slight phase changes induced by photothermal effect due to a local heating thanks to a heating laser beam, in the absence of any substantial phase changes to the phase reference laser beam. Illuminating is performed by focusing the separate phase reference laser beam. The induced slight phase changes on the sensitive probe laser beam with reference to the phase reference laser beam are detected through differential phase interference contrast phenomenon so as to allow each of the tiny metal particles in the given medium to be imaged as an optical label.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a gas/liquid(s) separation system constituted by three different sections:

Abstract: Hydrogenation of a liquid cut containing hydrocarbons, in particular unsaturated molecules containing at least two double bonds or at least one triple bond, is described wherein the unsaturated molecules are at least partially hydrogenated to less unsaturated molecules containing at least one double bond, in at least one reactor comprising at least two distinct beds of at least one hydrogenation catalyst, and wherein a gas phase containing hydrogen is introduced, a portion thereof being mixed with said cut upstream of the first catalyst bed and a portion thereof being introduced upstream of the subsequent beds contained in said reactor.

Abstract: A gas/liquid(s) separation system is constituted by three different sections: a primary separator (1) for flows with a G/L in the range 0.1 to 10; a secondary separator (2) for flows with a G/L in the range 10 to 50; a system (3) which limits the formation of a liquid vortex; where G/L is the ratio of the gas to liquid mass flow rates. The separation system is suitable for the separation of gas and liquid from a hydrocarbon conversion process, e.g. a hydrotreatment process.

Abstract: A process for treatment of a batch with four carbon atoms that contains diene compounds and a minor portion of acetylene compounds is described. A portion of the fluid that circulates in a distillation zone that is enriched with acetylene compounds is drawn off laterally, preferably in the drainage zone, and a selective hydrogenation stage is carried out in a hydrogenation zone that is outside the distillation zone. The hydrogenation effluent that is produced is recycled in the rectification zone. A C4 fraction that comprises butadiene and that is low in acetylene compounds is recovered at the top, and a C5 fraction that is enriched with oligomers is recovered at the bottom.

Abstract: A device is described that is placed in a vessel for carrying out separate injection (1,6) of two fluids in two different physical states, or which are not miscible, and for homogeneous distribution of at least one of the two fluids in the vessel downstream of said device. The first fluid is injected (6) into the vessel at at least one point level with said device, said device being characterized in that it comprises a chamber (5) pierced by orifices (7, 8) for the passage of a first fluid. Said chamber (5) is also imperviously traversed by tubes (4) or conduits with a free end acting as a passage through said chamber for the second fluid.

Abstract: Hydrogenation of a liquid cut containing hydrocarbons, in particular unsaturated molecules containing at least two double bonds or at least one triple bond, is described wherein the unsaturated molecules are at hydrogenated to less unsaturated molecules containing at least one double bond, in at least one reactor comprising at least two distinct beds of at least one hydrogenation catalyst, and wherein a gas phase containing hydrogen is introduced, a portion thereof being mixed with said cut upstream of the first catalyst bed and a portion thereof being introduced upstream of the subsequent beds contained in said reactor.

Abstract: A device for producing and distributing a polyphase mixture between two fluids comprises a chamber for the passage of a first fluid, said chamber being pierced by perforated tubes or conduits to pass a second fluid in a different physical state than the first fluid or not miscible with the first fluid through the chamber, said tubes being pierced by at least one orifice allowing passage of the first fluid and mixing between the fluids via the tubes. The second fluid is injected upstream of said device and the first fluid is injected into said device.

Abstract: A device located between two successive granular beds (203) and (205) for injecting a secondary fluid can produce and distribute a polyphase mixture between said secondary fluid and a fluid or mixture of fluids originating from the upper granular bed and comprises a chamber for injecting a secondary fluid (201), the secondary fluid being injected into said device, and means (204) for bringing said secondary fluid into contact with at least a portion of the fluid or mixture of fluids originating from the upper granular bed (203) and for simultaneous distribution (208) of the mixture resulting from said contact to the lower granular bed (205).