Abstract: The present invention relates to a mosquito repellent comprises at least one or more mosquito repelling compound selected from the group consisting of citronellic acid, geranic acid and derivatives thereof in an effective amount to repel mosquitoes.

Abstract: A multi-level cell (MLC) memory device may include ‘a’ number of m-bit MLC memory cells; an encoder that encodes ‘k’ bits of data at a code rate of k/n to generate an encoded bit stream; and a signal mapping module that applies pulses to the MLC memory cells in order to write the encoded bit stream in the MLC memory cells. In the device, ‘a’ and ‘m’ may be integers greater than or equal to 2, ‘k’ and ‘n’ may be integers greater than or equal to 1, and ‘n’ may be greater than ‘k’. A method of storing data in the device may include encoding ‘k’ bits of data at a code rate of k/n to generate an encoded bit stream. A method of reading data from the device may include decoding ‘n’ bits of data at a code rate of n/k to generate a decoded bit stream.

Abstract: A multi-level cell (MLC) memory device may include: a MLC memory cell; an outer encoder that encodes data using a first encoding scheme to generate an outer encoded bit stream; and a TCM modulator that applies a program pulse to the MLC memory cell to write the data in the MLC memory cell. The program pulse may be generated by TCM modulating the outer encoded bit stream. A method of storing data in a MLC memory device, reading data from the MLC memory device, or storing data in and reading data from the MLC memory device may include: encoding data using a first encoding scheme to generate an outer encoded bit stream; and applying a program pulse to a MLC memory cell of the MLC memory device to write the data in the MLC memory cell. The program pulse may be generated by TCM modulating the outer encoded bit stream.

Abstract: A Multi-Level Cell (MLC) memory device and method thereof are provided. The example MLC memory device may be configured to perform data operations, and may include an MLC memory cell, a first coding device performing a first coding function, the first coding function being one of an encoding function and a decoding function, a second coding device performing a second coding function, the second coding function being one of an encoding function and a decoding function and a signal module configured to perform at least one of instructing the MLC memory cell to store data output by the second coding device if the first and second coding functions are encoding functions, and generating a demapped bit stream based on data retrieved from the MLC memory cell if the first and second coding functions are decoding functions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to PGA-vitamin complex containing poly-?-glutamic acid(PGA), vitamin preparations containing said PGA-vitamin complex or cosmetic compositions. The inventive PGA-vitamin complex having excellent hygroscopicity, moisturizing property and skin compatibility, which is a complex of poly-?-glutamic acid and vitamin, has the effect of sustained-release as well as improves stability of vitamin having the functions, such as promotion of metabolism, anti-oxidation effect, protection of cell wall, increasing immunity, prevention of dry skin and keratinization, anti-wrinkles and moisturizing skin, thereby being useful as cosmetic compositions and sustained-release vitamin preparations for various applications.

Abstract: A DCM demapper and a DCM demapping method are provided. The DCM demapper includes: a basic signal generation unit generating a plurality of basic signals using a signal and channel information of two subcarriers; a soft decision generation unit generating a plurality of soft decisions using the plurality of basic signals; and a soft decision selection unit selecting a soft decision corresponding to each bit of the two subcarriers among the generated soft decisions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a drip guard for use with a candle made of flexible material such as aluminum foil which is cut into a fan shape. The drip guard may be formed into a cone or other shape by bending or folding the fan radially. The opening has slits and tabs that allow a candle to pass through while still holding the candle snugly within the opening. Once rolled or folded the flexible material is overlapped upon itself. Perforations may be provided in the flexible material to allow light from the candle to pass through. A canopy may be provided for the drip guard to shield the candle from weather.

Abstract: Disclosed are replicatable viral DNA vectors encoding a site-specific DNA-altering enzyme and a DNA target recognized by the enzyme, the enzyme selectively converting, in a cell expressing the enzyme, the DNA vector to a rearranged form. The invention further relates to methods for assembling recombinant adenoviral DNAs. These methods include the steps of: (a) providing a first linearized DNA vector including a restriction site and a cos site and a second linearized DNA vector including the restriction site, an adenoviral nucleic acid molecule, and a cos site; and (b) ligating the first and second linearized DNA vectors, the ligation assembling a recombinant adenoviral DNA.

Abstract: Disclosed are replicatable viral DNA vectors encoding a site-specific DNA-altering enzyme and a DNA target recognized by the enzyme, the enzyme selectively converting, in a cell expressing the enzyme, the DNA vector to a rearranged form. The invention further relates to methods for assembling recombinant adenoviral DNAs. These methods include the steps of: (a) providing a first linearized DNA vector including a restriction site and a cos site and a second linearized DNA vector including the restriction site, an adenoviral nucleic acid molecule, and a cos site; and (b) ligating the first and second linearized DNA vectors, the ligation assembling a recombinant adenoviral DNA.

Abstract: The plasma display apparatus includes a first electrode and a second electrode formed on an upper substrate, and a barrier rib. The second electrode is arranged in parallel with the first electrode. The barrier rib is formed on a lower substrate opposite to the upper substrate to divide a discharge space. The first electrode and the second electrode are respectively protruded toward the discharge space to have a predetermined thickness. A discharge occurs between the first electrode and the second electrodes opposite to the first electrode. Since the margin of static characteristics increases, the voltage range in which stable driving is possible increase and the amount of the consumption of the discharge current decreases, to thereby reducing power consumption, and enhancing the luminous efficiency and the efficiency of the plasma discharge.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plasma display panel including electrodes. In the plasma display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention, an area of a scan electrode is larger than that of a sustain electrode. Therefore, a jitter characteristic improves.

Abstract: Provided are a polymer resin composition and a method of preparing the same. The polymer resin composition includes: a polymer resin; 0.01-10.0 parts by weight of flaky pigment particles having an aspect ratio of 0.01-0.1 based on 100 parts by weight of the polymer resin; and 0.01-10.0 parts by weight of polyhedral pigment particles having an aspect ratio of 0.300-0.999 based on 100 parts by weight of the polymer resin. Using the polymer resin composition, a polymer resin molded product having excellent appearance, i.e., having a uniform color even in resin flow lines or resin weld lines, and in which there is no degradation in the physical properties of the polymer resin contained therein can be manufactured at a low cost.

Abstract: A receiver having a low computation complexity so as to estimate a transmitted includes a likelihood function calculator calculating likelihoods of transmittable signals using a currently received signal, at least one previously received signal, and an estimated signal corresponding to the at least one previously received signal; and a maximum value output unit outputting a transmittable signal corresponding to a likelihood function of the likelihood functions having a maximum value. Thus, a currently received signal can be estimated using a previously received signal, a previously estimated signal, and the currently received signal. As a result, the reliability of the estimated signal can be improved. Also, the previously estimated signal can be stored to prevent the complexity of a computation from being increased.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a poly-gamma-glutamate (PGA) having an ultra-high molecular weight greater than 5,000 kDa. The ultra-high molecular weight PGA according to the present invention has a mean molecular weight greater than 13,000 kDa, and more than 95% of its molecules have a molecular weight ranging from 3,000 to 15,000 kDa. Also, it can be produced by the culturing of Bacillus subtilis var. chungkookjang. The ultra-high molecular weight PGA according to the present invention shows very excellent moisture-absorbing, moisture-retaining, sustained release, mineral solubility, and water-absorbing properties, and thus, can be used as a new and high value-added material in various applications.

Abstract: The invention is a composite foam structure comprising a first segment of an anisotropic thermoplastic foam part and a second foam shaped part comprising an isotropic foam wherein the anisotropic foam block and isotropic foam part intersect along at least one common surface.

Abstract: A system to and method of monitoring a condition of a process tool. The system monitors a condition of a process tool to correctly detect a faulty operation or malfunction of the process tool. The system to monitor the condition of the process tool includes a first model storage unit to store one or more good models generated by data associated with the process tool, a second model storage unit to store one or more faulty models generated by the data associated with the process tool, a model selector to receive tool data from the process tool, and to select one of the good models and one of the faulty models in association with the received tool data, and an error detector to receive process data from the process tool, to compare the received process data with the good and faulty models selected by the model selector, and to estimate a condition of the process tool.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plasma display panel, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for driving a plasma display panel. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus for driving the plasma display panel includes a temperature sensor that senses a temperature of the plasma display panel, an erase signal tilt control unit that controls a tilt of an erase signal for erasing charges within a cell of the plasma display panel depending on the sensed temperature, and a driving unit that supplies an initialization signal for initializing the cell, an address signal for selecting the cell and a sustain signal for generating a sustain discharge in the cell to the plasma display panel after the charges within the cell are erased using the erase signal.

Abstract: A cellular thermoplastic polyolefin foam comprising at least one particulate additive in admixture with a polymer matrix is disclosed, along with a process and foamable gel for manufacturing the same, wherein the polyolefin matrix comprises at least one polymer resin graft-modified with at least one polar group selected from the group consisting of acid, acid ester, and acid anhydride, and salts thereof. The invention facilitates the manufacture of macrocellular foams useful for acoustic absorption having increased amounts of particulate additives that provide certain desired properties difficult to achieve without the particulate additives, such as improved flame retardancy.

Abstract: A propylene polymer foam that contains both a bromine compound, especially an aromatic bromine compound, as a flame retardant additive and an infrared radiation blocking or attenuation compound such as carbon black or graphite and has enhanced resistance to thermal degradation over time due to incorporation of certain stabilizing additives in addition to phenolic-based antioxidants. The foam has utility in thermal insulation applications.

Abstract: Disclosed are replicatable viral DNA vectors encoding a site-specific DNA-altering enzyme and a DNA target recognized by the enzyme, the enzyme selectively converting, in a cell expressing the enzyme, the DNA vector to a rearranged form. The invention further relates to methods for assembling recombinant adenoviral DNAs. These methods include the steps of: (a) providing a first linearized DNA vector including a restriction site and a cos site and a second linearized DNA vector including the restriction site, an adenoviral nucleic acid molecule, and a cos site; and (b) ligating the first and second linearized DNA vectors, the ligation assembling a recombinant adenoviral DNA.