Abstract: “In silico” nucleic acid recombination methods, related integrated systems utilizing genetic operators and libraries made by in silico shuffling methods are provided.

Abstract: “In silico” nucleic acid recombination methods, related integrated systems utilizing genetic operators and libraries made by in silico shuffling methods are provided.

Abstract: Methods of recombining nucleic acids, including homologous nucleic acids, are provided. Families of gene shuffling oligonucleotides and their use in recombination procedures, as well as polymerase and ligase mediated recombination methods are also provided.

Abstract: “In silico” nucleic acid recombination methods, related integrated systems utilizing genetic operators and libraries made by in silico shuffling methods are provided.

Abstract: The invention provides polynucleotides and polypeptides encoded therefrom having advantageous properties, including an ability of the polypeptides to preferentially bind a human CD28 or CTLA-4 receptor at a level greater or less than the ability of human B7-1 to bind human CD28 or CTLA-4, or to induce or inhibit altered level of T cell proliferation response greater compared to that generated by human B7-1. The polypeptides and polynucleotides of the invention are useful in therapeutic and prophylactic treatment methods, gene therapy applications, and vaccines.

Abstract: “In silico” nucleic acid recombination methods, related integrated systems utilizing genetic operators and libraries made by in silico shuffling methods are provided.

Abstract: Apoptosis can be induced in a mammalian cell by administering a substance capable of impairing mammalian mitochondrial DNA gene expression to said cell in such an amount that apoptosis is induced. Certain antisense nucleic acid molecules specifically binding to nucleic acid molecules encoding proteins affecting mitochondrial gene expression are preferably used. The invention also provides novel such antisense nucleic acid molecules and pharmaceutical compositions containing the novel compounds. The invention also describes the use of an in vitro assay consisting of TFAM, TFB1M, TFB2M, mtRNAP and a mtDNA promoter fragment, to identify substances that inhibit or stimulate mtDNA transcription.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to methods of rapidly and efficiently searching biologically-related data space. More specifically, the invention includes methods of identifying bio-molecules with desired properties, or which are most suitable for acquiring such properties, from complex bio-molecule libraries or sets of such libraries. The invention also provides methods of modeling sequence-activity relationships. As many of the methods are computer-implemented, the invention additionally provides digital systems and software for performing these methods.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to methods of rapidly and efficiently searching biologically-related data space. More specifically, the invention includes methods of identifying bio-molecules with desired properties, or which are most suitable for acquiring such properties, from complex bio-molecule libraries or sets of such libraries. The invention also provides methods of modeling sequence-activity relationships. As many of the methods are computer-implemented, the invention additionally provides digital systems and software for performing these methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polynucleotide molecules comprising nucleotide sequences encoding an aveC gene product, which polynucleotide molecules can be used to alter the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced in fermentation cultures of S. avermitilis. The present invention further relates to vectors, host cells, and mutant strains of S. avermitilis in which the aveC gene has been inactivated, or mutated so as to change the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polynucleotide molecules comprising nucleotide sequences encoding an aveC gene product, which polynucleotide molecules can be used to alter the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced in fermentation cultures of S. avermitilis. The present invention further relates to vectors, host cells, and mutant strains of S. avermitilis in which the aveC gene has been inactivated, or mutated so as to change the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced.

Abstract: Methods and devices for more efficiently engineering diversity into recombinant polypeptides and/or nucleic acids are provided herein. For example, a variety of methods of selecting and/or assessing potential crossover sites in an amino acid sequence or a nucleotide sequence are provided, as well as the resulting chimeric product sequences. These methods include, e.g., consideration of structural, functional and/or statistical data in the selection and assessment of sequences and crossover sites for use in recombination.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polynucleotide molecules comprising nucleotide sequences encoding an aveC gene product, which polynucleotide molecules can be used to alter the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced in fermentation cultures of S. avermitilis. The present invention further relates to vectors, host cells, and mutant strains of S. avermitilis in which the aveC gene has been inactivated, or mutated so as to change the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced.

Abstract: The invention provides polynucleotides and polypeptides encoded therefrom having advantageous properties, including an ability of the polypeptides to preferentially bind a CD28 or CTLA-4 receptor at a level greater or less than the ability of human B7-1 to bind CD28 or CTLA-4, or to induce or inhibit altered level of T cell proliferation response greater compared to that generated by human B7-1. The polypeptides and polynucleotides of the invention are useful in therapeutic and prophylactic treatment methods, gene therapy applications, and vaccines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polynucleotide molecules comprising nucleotide sequences encoding an aveC gene product, which polynucleotide molecules can be used to alter the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced in fermentation cultures of S. avermitilis. The present invention further relates to vectors, host cells, and mutant strains of S. avermitilis in which the aveC gene has been inactivated, or mutated so as to change the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced.

Abstract: The invention provides polynucleotides and polypeptides encoded therefrom having advantageous properties, including an ability of the polypeptides to preferentially bind a CD28 or CTLA-4 receptor at a level greater or less than the ability of human B7-1 to bind CD28 or CTLA-4, or to induce or inhibit altered level of T cell proliferation response greater compared to that generated by human B7-1. The polypeptides and polynucleotides of the invention are useful in therapeutic and prophylactic treatment methods, gene therapy applications, and vaccines.

Abstract: Integrated systems and methods for diversity generation and screening are provided. The systems use common fluid and array handling components to provide nucleic acid diversification, transcription, translation, product screening and subsequent diversification reactions.

Abstract: Methods of recombining nucleic acids, including homologous nucleic acids, are provided. Families of gene shuffling oligonucleotides and their use in recombination procedures, as well as polymerase and ligase mediated recombination methods are also provided.

Abstract: Integrated systems and methods for diversity generation and screening are provided. The systems use common fluid and array handling components to provide nucleic acid diversification, transcription, translation, product screening and subsequent diversification reactions.

Abstract: Methods of recombining nucleic acids, including homologous nucleic acids, are provided. Families of gene shuffling oligonucleotides and their use in recombination procedures, as well as polymerase and ligase mediated recombination methods are also provided.