Abstract: An image forming apparatus, includes: an intermediate transfer type image forming unit that primarily transfers a toner image formed on an electrophotographic photosensitive member to an intermediate transfer member and then secondarily transfers the toner image from the intermediate transfer member to a printing medium; and a control unit that controls a moving speed ratio ?V represented by Expression 1 depending on a usage history of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, ? ? ? v ? [ % ] = ? v 2 - v 1 ? v 1 × 100 ( 1 ) where V1 is a moving speed [mm/s] of a surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member; and V2 is a moving speed [mm/s] of a surface of the intermediate transfer member in a moving direction of the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a surface layer containing a curable resin on a surface facing to the intermediate transfer member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive support; a photosensitive layer; and a surface protective layer as an outermost layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor satisfies following formulas (a) and (b): 3.6?(A+B)/C×100?6 ??(a) B?0.3 ??(b) wherein A (?m) represents a ten-point-averaged surface roughness RZJIS94 of the conductive support, B (?m) represents a ten-point-averaged surface roughness RZJIS94 of the surface protective layer, and C (%) represents a reflectivity of the surface protective layer against the conductive support.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, includes: an intermediate transfer type image forming unit that primarily transfers a toner image formed on an electrophotographic photosensitive member to an intermediate transfer member and then secondarily transfers the toner image from the intermediate transfer member to a printing medium; and a control unit that controls a moving speed ratio ?V represented by Expression 1 depending on a usage history of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, ? ? ? v ? [ % ] = ? v 2 - v 1 ? v 1 × 100 ( 1 ) where V1 is a moving speed [mm/s] of a surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member; and V2 is a moving speed [mm/s] of a surface of the intermediate transfer member in a moving direction of the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a surface layer containing a curable resin on a surface facing to the intermediate transfer member.