Abstract: Provided is an information transmission method including: a type determination step of determining a type of information to be transmitted to a driver of a vehicle when the driver is driving the vehicle; a sound output step of outputting the information in the form of sound; and a display step of operating a display device to display an illumination pattern as a function of the determined type.

Abstract: A controller includes: an automatic shifting control section that carries out automatic shifting control in which a shifting actuator is driven in response to a predetermined automatic shifting command; and an assist control section that, when a predetermined assist condition is met, carries out assist control in which the shifting actuator is driven to assist motion of a manual shifting power transmission mechanism actuated upon operation of a shifting operation member by a driver.

Abstract: A ground speed detection device for a vehicle includes a wheel speed sensor configured to detect a rotational speed of a wheel, a second storage section having stored a radius of the wheel corresponding to a bank angle, and a ground speed calculator configured to calculate a ground speed during cornering. The ground speed calculator extracts the radius of the wheel corresponding to a bank angle detected by a bank angle detection device, from the second storage section, and calculates the ground speed during cornering from the extracted radius of the wheel and the rotational speed of the wheel detected by the wheel speed sensor.

Abstract: A control apparatus of a hybrid leaning vehicle includes: a travel mode request section that requests one travel mode selected from a plurality of travel modes including a first travel mode in which an engine is stopped and an electric motor is operated and a second travel mode in which the engine is operated; and a travel mode setting section. When the travel mode request section requests the second travel mode during travel in the first travel mode, the travel mode setting section, upon determining that a steady turning condition is satisfied, sets the second travel mode as the travel mode to be executed and, upon determining that the steady turning condition is not satisfied, prohibits the second travel mode from being set as the travel mode to be executed.

Abstract: A control apparatus of a hybrid leaning vehicle includes: a travel mode request section that requests one travel mode selected from a plurality of travel modes including a first travel mode in which an engine is operated with a clutch disengaged and a second travel mode in which the engine is operated with the clutch engaged; and a travel mode setting section. When the travel mode request section requests the second travel mode during travel in the first travel mode, the travel mode setting section, upon determining that a shock accepting condition is satisfied, sets the second travel mode as the travel mode to be executed and, upon determining that the shock accepting condition is not satisfied, prohibits the second travel mode from being set as the travel mode to be executed.

Abstract: A vehicle conversation information output device is included in a vehicle conversation information output system configured to output conversation information to a driver driving a vehicle, the conversation information being created according to a predefined personality, the device including: a receiving part that obtains usage information related to how the vehicle has been used by the driver; a modifying part that modifies the predefined personality based on the usage information obtained by the receiving part; a creating part that creates conversation information to be output to the driver based on the personality modified by the modifying part; and an outputting part that outputs the conversation information created by the creating part to the driver.

Abstract: A pseudo-emotion generating system configured to generate pseudo-emotions of a vehicle includes an emotion generating section that generates a pseudo-emotion of the vehicle based on external force information representing an external force applied to the vehicle from outside during travel of the vehicle.

Abstract: In a gas sensor element, an electrolyte layer has a solid electrolyte body having oxygen ionic conductivity. A first insulation body is stacked at a first surface side of the electrolyte layer. A second insulation body is stacked at a second surface side of the electrolyte layer. A measurement gas chamber is surrounded by the electrolyte layer and the first insulation body, into which a detection target gas is introduced. A reference gas chamber is surrounded by the electrolyte layer and the second insulation body, into which a reference gas is introduced. A heater is embedded in the first insulation body. The second insulation body has a low thermal conductivity part having a thermal conductivity which is lower than a thermal conductivity of a heater embedded part formed in the first insulation body in which the heater is embedded.

Abstract: A controller includes: an automatic shifting control section that carries out automatic shifting control in which a shifting actuator is driven in response to a predetermined automatic shifting command; and an assist control section that, when a predetermined assist condition is met, carries out assist control in which the shifting actuator is driven to assist motion of a manual shifting power transmission mechanism actuated upon operation of a shifting operation member by a driver.

Abstract: A controller includes: an automatic shifting control section that carries out automatic shifting control in which a shifting actuator is driven in response to a predetermined automatic shifting command; and an interference prevention control section that controls the automatic shifting control section so as to prohibit simultaneous occurrence of a manual shifting process induced by operation of a shifting operation member and an automatic shifting process induced by the shifting actuator.

Abstract: A gas sensor is equipped with a sensor device made of a stack of a solid electrolyte body, a sensor electrode, a reference electrode, a first insulator, a second insulator, a gas chamber, a reference gas duct, a heater, and a heat transfer member. The heater has a heating element at least partially overlapping the sensor electrode and the reference electrode. The heat transfer member is made of a dense metallic oxide material which blocks passage of measurement gas therethrough. The heat transfer member is held between the sensor electrode and the first insulator in which the heater is embedded within the gas chamber and works to facilitate transfer of thermal energy, as generated by the heater, to the solid electrolyte body, the sensor electrode, and the reference electrode. This results in enhanced thermal conductivity of the sensor device and achieves quick activation of the sensor device.

Abstract: A bank angle detection device for a motorcycle includes a bank angle estimator configured to estimate a moving body bank angle ?b and a correcting section configured to estimate a vehicle body bank angle ?f. The bank angle estimator estimates the moving body bank angle ?b that is a gradient of a moving body axial line A1, on the basis of a balance state where a centrifugal force CF acting on a moving body and a gravitational force GF acting on the moving body during cornering are in balance with each other. The correcting section corrects the moving body bank angle ?b on the basis of an inertia force about a longitudinal axis acting on a vehicle body, so as to estimate the vehicle body bank angle ?f that is a gradient of a center of gravity G of the vehicle body with respect to a vertical line.

Abstract: A ceramic substrate is irradiated in an atmospheric air with a laser having a power density of 1.0×107-1.0×109 W/cm2 for an action time on an irradiation area of 1.0×10?7-1.0×10?5 s to roughen a surface of the ceramic substrate, as well as to form an oxide layer on a roughened surface. A thermal sprayed coating formed on the ceramic substrate sufficiently adheres to the ceramic substrate via the oxide layer.

Abstract: An electric motorcycle includes an electric motor, a manual transmission, a shift drum potentiometer, and an ECU. When it is determined based on an input from the shift drum potentiometer that a transmission manipulation has been performed, the ECU executes a first control operation when switching from a power transmission state to a power cut state and executes a second control operation when returning from the power cut state to the power transmission state. In the first control operation, the ECU controls an operation of the electric motor to facilitate disengagement of an engagement mechanism from a gear train of the manual transmission. In the second control operation, for facilitating engagement of the engagement mechanism with a different gear train, the ECU controls the operation of the electric motor to make a revolving speed of the different gear train close to the revolving speed of the engagement mechanism.

Abstract: A ground speed detection device for a vehicle includes a wheel speed sensor configured to detect a rotational speed of a wheel, a second storage section having stored a radius of the wheel corresponding to a bank angle, and a ground speed calculator configured to calculate a ground speed during cornering. The ground speed calculator extracts the radius of the wheel corresponding to a bank angle detected by a bank angle detection device, from the second storage section, and calculates the ground speed during cornering from the extracted radius of the wheel and the rotational speed of the wheel detected by the wheel speed sensor.

Abstract: A bank angle detection device for a motorcycle includes a bank angle estimator configured to estimate a moving body bank angle ?b and a correcting section configured to estimate a vehicle body bank angle ?f. The bank angle estimator estimates the moving body bank angle ?b that is a gradient of a moving body axial line A1, on the basis of a balance state where a centrifugal force CF acting on a moving body and a gravitational force GF acting on the moving body during cornering are in balance with each other. The correcting section corrects the moving body bank angle ?b on the basis of an inertia force about a longitudinal axis acting on a vehicle body, so as to estimate the vehicle body bank angle ?f that is a gradient of a center of gravity G of the vehicle body with respect to a vertical line.

Abstract: A farm-work-detail input support method includes receiving, by a computer, selection of a field, selection of a work item, and designation of a total work time; and recording and distributing, by the computer, the total work time when multiple fields and multiple work items are selected, all the selected work items being assigned to all the selected fields and the total work time being distributed to each work item in each field.

Abstract: A harvest amount distributing method includes receiving, by a computer, input of a harvest amount of a predetermined crop; referring to a recording device recording therein information of fields according to crop, and presenting the information of one or more of the fields corresponding to the predetermined crop, so as to enable selection, the referring and presenting being performed by the computer; and distributing the input harvest amount among the one or more of the fields selected, and recording each distributed harvest amount as a harvest amount of a corresponding field, the distributing and recording being performed by the computer.

Abstract: A farm work detail input support method includes receiving, by a computer, selection of plural fields for which a farm work detail is to be input; and controlling, by the computer, whether input of the agrochemical application detail for the plural fields is permitted, corresponding to whether in a memory, planted crops respectively stored associated with the selected plural fields are the same.

Abstract: An electric motorcycle includes an electric motor, a manual transmission, a shift drum potentiometer, and an ECU. When it is determined based on an input from the shift drum potentiometer that a transmission manipulation has been performed, the ECU executes a first control operation when switching from a power transmission state to a power cut state and executes a second control operation when returning from the power cut state to the power transmission state. In the first control operation, the ECU controls an operation of the electric motor to facilitate disengagement of an engagement mechanism from a gear train of the manual transmission. In the second control operation, for facilitating engagement of the engagement mechanism with a different gear train, the ECU controls the operation of the electric motor to make a revolving speed of the different gear train close to the revolving speed of the engagement mechanism.