Abstract: A particulate filter ash loading prediction method including the steps of determining a service age for the particulate filter; calculating an ash accumulation rate in the particulate filter; determining a maximum service age for the particulate filter dependent upon the ash accumulation rate; and comparing the service age to the maximum service age. If the service age exceeds the maximum service age then indicating that a service and/or replacement of the particulate filter is needed due to ash loading.

Abstract: A mixture of urea, water and ammonium carbamate is formulated for use in the catalytic reduction of oxides of nitrogen in diesel exhaust. The mixtures may be formulated to optimize the amount of reductant in the mixture and the freezing point of the formulation. These formulations are especially useful in combination with Selective Catalytic Reduction systems and are well suited for use on heavy-duty trucks and heavy duty equipment used off-road. Some of these formations include between about 15.0 wt. % to about 40.0 wt. % urea; between about 15.0 wt. % to about 40.0 wt. % ammonium carbamate; and between about 40.0 wt. % to about 60.0 wt. % water. The formulation may be monitored for ammonia content and/or freezing point and the composition of the formulation may be adjusted to optimize the freezing point and ammonia content.

Abstract: A particulate filter (PF) ash loading prediction method includes the steps of: regenerating the PF using a first soot loading prediction model or a second soot loading prediction model; determining whether the regeneration of the PF was initiated by the first soot loading prediction model or the second soot loading prediction model; incrementing a first counter associated with the first soot loading prediction model or a second counter associated with the second soot loading prediction model, dependent on the determining step; comparing a ratio of the first counter and the second counter; and establishing whether the PF requires servicing, dependent on the ratio.

Abstract: A mixture of urea, water and ammonium carbamate is formulated for use in the catalytic reduction of oxides of nitrogen in diesel exhaust. The mixtures may be formulated to optimize the amount of reductant in the mixture and the freezing point of the formulation. These formulations are especially useful in combination with Selective Catalytic Reduction systems and are well suited for use on heavy-duty trucks and heavy duty equipment used off-road. Some of these formations include between about 15.0 wt. % to about 40.0 wt. % urea; between about 15.0 wt. % to about 40.0 wt. % ammonium carbamate; and between about 40.0 wt. % to about 60.0 wt. % water. The formulation may be monitored for ammonia content and/or freezing point and the composition of the formulation may be adjusted to optimize the freezing point and ammonia content.

Abstract: A particulate filter ash loading prediction method including the steps of determining a maximum average time for the filter; performing a calculation of a running average of time between regenerations of the filter; calculating an end-of-service life ratio of the filter dependent upon the maximum average time and the running average. The method further includes the steps of determining a delta pressure adjustment factor to compensate for ash loading of the filter depending upon the end-of-service life ratio; and comparing the delta pressure adjustment factor to a predetermined maximum delta pressure value, and, if the delta pressure adjustment factor exceeds the predetermined maximum normalized delta pressure adjustment factor, then indicating that a service or replacement of the filter is needed due to the ash loading.

Abstract: A particulate filter (PF) ash loading prediction method includes the steps of: regenerating the PF using a first soot loading prediction model or a second soot loading prediction model; determining whether the regeneration of the PF was initiated by the first soot loading prediction model or the second soot loading prediction model; incrementing a first counter associated with the first soot loading prediction model or a second counter associated with the second soot loading prediction model, dependent on the determining step; comparing a ratio of the first counter and the second counter; and establishing whether the PF requires servicing, dependent on the ratio.

Abstract: A method for determining the service interval of a particulate filter including the steps of determining a normalized current pressure differential across the particulate filter and determining a normalized pressure differential across the particulate filter for clean conditions. The clean pressure normalized pressure differential is subtracted from the current differential and divided by the time between regeneration to determine a current factor. A maximum factor is predetermined and compared to the current factor to determine service life for the particulate filter.

Abstract: A particulate filter ash loading prediction method including the steps of determining a maximum average time for the filter; performing a calculation of a running average of time between regenerations of the filter; calculating an end-of-service life ratio of the filter dependent upon the maximum average time and the running average. The method further includes the steps of determining a delta pressure adjustment factor to compensate for ash loading of the filter depending upon the end-of-service life ratio; and comparing the delta pressure adjustment factor to a predetermined maximum delta pressure value, and, if the delta pressure adjustment factor exceeds the predetermined maximum normalized delta pressure adjustment factor, then indicating that a service or replacement of the filter is needed due to the ash loading.

Abstract: A particulate filter ash loading prediction method including the steps of determining a service age for the particulate filter; calculating an ash accumulation rate in the particulate filter; determining a maximum service age for the particulate filter dependent upon the ash accumulation rate; and comparing the service age to the maximum service age. If the service age exceeds the maximum service age then indicating that a service and/or replacement of the particulate filter is needed due to ash loading.

Abstract: A particulate filter ash loading prediction method including the steps of determining a maximum average lifetime for the particulate filter; performing a calculation of a running average of time between regenerations of the particulate filter; calculating an end-of-service-life ratio of the particulate filter dependent upon the maximum average lifetime and the running average; and comparing the end-of-service-life ratio to a predetermined minimum end-of-service-life ratio. If the end-of-service-life ratio is equal to or less than the minimum end-of-service-life ratio then indicating that at least one of service and replacement of the particulate filter is needed due to ash loading.

Abstract: A treatment element and an exhaust emission control device for the treatment of gases in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine and methods of making thereof are described. In the method, at least two different catalyst compositions are applied along the major axis length of a single substrate to form a treatment element having at least two different zones of catalyst composition.

Abstract: An integrated multi-functional catalyst system includes a diesel particulate filter having an inlet side for receiving flow and an opposite outlet side, a substrate in the diesel particulate filter having an interior wall surface and an exterior wall surface, a first washcoat layer applied to the interior wall surface and adjacent the inlet side, and a second washcoat layer applied to the exterior wall surface and adjacent the outlet side, wherein flow distribution through the substrate is dispersed for minimizing back pressure. The diesel particulate filter may be one of a plurality of honeycomb cells.

Abstract: A process for controlling an exhaust system can comprise flowing exhaust gas from the engine past a first oxygen sensor, through a NOx adsorber, past a second oxygen sensor, through a catalyst and past a third oxygen sensor, wherein the first oxygen sensor, the second oxygen sensor, and the third oxygen sensor, are in operable communication with an electronic control module, and using a switching delay between the first oxygen sensor and the second oxygen sensor to determine a NOx value, wherein the NOx value is selected from the group consisting of a NOx regeneration time, a stored NOx amount, a NOx storage efficiency, and combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing NOx values. A desulfurization process can be initiated when the NOx value is less than or equal to a first selected value. During the desulfurization process, when the third oxygen sensor signals a condition rich of stoichiometry, oxygen can be provided to the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for controlling an exhaust system can comprise flowing exhaust gas from the engine past a first oxygen sensor, through a NOx adsorber, past a second oxygen sensor, through a catalyst and past a third oxygen sensor, wherein the first oxygen sensor, the second oxygen sensor, and the third oxygen sensor, are in operable communication with an electronic control module, and using a switching delay between the first oxygen sensor and the second oxygen sensor to determine a NOx value, wherein the NOx value is selected from the group consisting of a NOx regeneration time, a stored NOx amount, a NOx storage efficiency, and combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing NOx values. A desulfurization process can be initiated when the NOx value is less than or equal to a first selected value. During the desulfurization process, when the third oxygen sensor signals a condition rich of stoichiometry, oxygen can be provided to the catalyst.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a catalyst configuration, comprises: a substrate, a NiO layer disposed on the substrate, wherein the NiO layer comprises greater than or equal to about 75 wt % of the NiO in the catalyst configuration; and a catalyst layer comprising a NOx adsorbing catalyst. In another embodiment, a catalyst configuration, comprises: a substrate, a catalyst layer disposed on the substrate, wherein the catalyst layer comprises a NOx adsorbing catalyst and thermally treated NiO. In one embodiment, the method for making a NOx adsorber comprises: thermally treating NiO to a temperature of about a maximum catalyst application temperature minus 100° C. and the maximum catalyst application temperature, disposing a catalyst configuration on the substrate, wherein the catalyst configuration comprises the thermally treated NiO and a NOx adsorption catalyst, and disposing the substrate in a housing.

Abstract: A treatment element and an exhaust emission control device for the treatment of gases in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine and methods of making thereof are described. In the method, at least two different catalyst compositions are applied along the major axis length of a single substrate to form a treatment element having at least two different zones of catalyst composition.

Abstract: A treatment element for use in a diesel exhaust emissions stream comprising a diesel NOx catalyst and a NOx adsorber catalyst is described. The diesel NOx catalyst comprises a zeolite, such as an acidic zeolite. The diesel NOx catalyst, NOx adsorber catalyst, or both comprises a catalytic metal. Methods of making the treatment element are described. Also described is an exhaust emissions control device comprising the above NOx adsorber.

Abstract: An integrated multi-functional catalyst system includes a diesel particulate filter having an inlet side for receiving flow and an opposite outlet side, a substrate in the diesel particulate filter having an interior wall surface and an exterior wall surface, a first washcoat layer applied to the interior wall surface and adjacent the inlet side, and a second washcoat layer applied to the exterior wall surface and adjacent the outlet side, wherein flow distribution through the substrate is dispersed for minimizing back pressure. The diesel particulate filter may be one of a plurality of honeycomb cells.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a catalyst configuration, a NOx adsorber comprising the catalyst configuration, and a method for reducing emissions. The catalyst configuration comprises: a substrate, an underlayer disposed on the substrate, the underlayer comprising a first catalyst composition, and an overlayer disposed on a side of the underlayer opposite the substrate. The overlayer comprises a second catalyst composition comprising greater than or equal to about 75% of Rh in the catalyst configuration.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a catalyst configuration, comprises: a substrate, a NiO layer disposed on the substrate, wherein the NiO layer comprises greater than or equal to about 75 wt % of the NiO in the catalyst configuration; and a catalyst layer comprising a NOx adsorbing catalyst. In another embodiment, a catalyst configuration, comprises: a substrate, a catalyst layer disposed on the substrate, wherein the catalyst layer comprises a NOx adsorbing catalyst and thermally treated NiO.