Abstract: A multi-stage product gas generation system converts a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas which may subsequently be converted into a liquid fuel or other material. One or more reactors containing bed material may be used to conduct reactions to effect the conversions. Unreacted inert feedstock contaminants present in the carbonaceous material may be separated from bed material using a portion of the product gas. A heat transfer medium collecting heat from a reaction in one stage may be applied as a reactant input in another, earlier stage.

Abstract: A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a method for producing insect and water mixture comprising providing and splitting a feedstock, introducing the feedstock into a plurality of insect feeding chambers to feed insects, removing insects from the plurality of insect feeding chambers, and introducing the insects to a mixing tank to produce the insect and water mixture including a biocatalyst and fermenting the insects for specific time durations, temperatures, pH, treated water, acid, a caustic material, and wherein the mixing tank is equipped with a mixer, baffles, and a heat exchanger. The insects may be grown with specific a feedstock diets, breeding methods, within shipping containers, and various operating and product parameters. The insect and water mixture can be filtered, spray dried, shaped, cooked, flavored, and used to prepare multifunctional flour compositions and foodstuffs.

Abstract: Methods to produce a spray dried cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, or active tetrahydrocannabinol powder are described and include spray drying a liquid mixture followed by a two-step separation process including cyclones, filters, or an electrostatic precipitator, the liquid mixture includes treated water, and alcohol or an oil, and the powder has a particle size ranging from between 5 nanometers to 750 microns. The liquid mixture may be spray dried into a powder using a rotary atomizer, a spray nozzle, or a plurality of spray nozzles within a counter-current spray dryer or a co-current spray dryer and then sifted.

Abstract: Lipid-depleted insect compositions are described and include protein, chitin, bacteria, fungi, and various ranges of calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, potassium, ash, manganese, iron, zinc, water, bulk density, carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and protein, wherein the composition is derived from Orthoptera order of insects, or the composition is not derived from Orthoptera order of insects. Lipid extraction methods are described which include use of a use of a first immiscible liquid and a second immiscible liquid. Compositions including insect eggs, feedstocks, and breeding materials are described.

Abstract: A multi-stage product gas generation system converts a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas which may subsequently be converted into a liquid fuel or other material. One or more reactors containing bed material may be used to conduct reactions to effect the conversions. Unreacted inert feedstock contaminants present in the carbonaceous material may be separated from bed material using a portion of the product gas. A heat transfer medium collecting heat from a reaction in one stage may be applied as a reactant input in another, earlier stage.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods to produce cannabis oil nanoemulsions. Cannabis oil nanoemulsions may be used for the production of beverages, pharmaceuticals, drugs, and spray-dried powders. Methods to produce a cannabis oil nanoemulsion are described, the methods includes a two-step process to emulsifying water and cannabis oil with a first emulsification system to produce a microemulsion; and introducing the microemulsion to a second emulsification system to produce the nanoemulsion. A variety of emulsification systems may be used including agitators, a rotor/stator, a sawtooth blade, colloid mill, piston pump, microfluidizer processor, and ultrasonic homogenizers. Water treatment prior to emulsification is also described.

Abstract: A method to grow cannabis is described, wherein the method includes providing and treating a source of water, mixing the water with an additive to form a liquid mixture, transferring the liquid mixture to a plurality of cannabis plants grown in a growing medium including a mycorrhiza fungus, and growing the cannabis using a humidity control method, then harvesting the cannabis plants. Trimming and grinding the cannabis along with use of environmental control methods including temperature, humidity, lighting schedules, and carbon dioxide concentrations are also described.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the field of commercial scale production and processing of pharmaceutical liquid or solid compositions derived from insects, wherein the compositions include a purified recombinant protein, vaccine, antibody, peptide, or chemical, and where the virus includes a recombinant baculovirus. Systems and methods to produce the insects and a purified insect-derived recombinant protein, vaccine, antibody, peptide, insecticide, fungicide, or chemical within a bioreactor are also described.

Abstract: A method for calculating the height and the density of a fluidized bed is described. In a first mode of operation, a first differential pressure and a second differential pressure are obtained, a bed density of the fluidized bed is calculated, and a bed height is calculated by dividing the first differential pressure by the calculated bed density. In a second mode of operation the system is purged by using a pressurized gas.

Abstract: Variable-scale, modular, easily manufacturable, energy efficient, reliable, and computer operated Insect Production Superstructure Systems (IPSS) may be used to produce insects for human and animal consumption, and for the extraction and use of lipids for applications involving medicine, nanotechnology, consumer products, and chemical production with minimal water, feedstock, and environmental impact. An IPSS may comprise modules including feedstock mixing, enhanced feedstock splitting, insect feeding, insect breeding, insect collection, insect grinding, pathogen removal, multifunctional flour mixing, and lipid extraction. An IPSS may be configured to be constructed out of a plurality of containerized modules.

Abstract: Methods to produce a spray-dried active tetrahydrocannabinol powder and/or cannabidiol powder are described. The methods include introducing a heated gas and a liquid mixture of water and active tetrahydrocannabinol and/or cannabidiol into a spray dryer and then separating powder from the spray-dryer in a two-step separation process. Counter-current spray dryers and co-current spray dryers are described followed by separation of the powders with a cyclone, filter, electrostatic precipitator, or sifter.

Abstract: Variable-scale, modular, easily manufacturable, energy efficient, reliable, and computer operated Insect Production Superstructure Systems (IPSS) may be used to produce insects for human and animal consumption, and for the extraction and use of lipids for applications involving medicine, nanotechnology, consumer products, and chemical production with minimal water, feedstock, and environmental impact. An IPSS may comprise modules including feedstock mixing, enhanced feedstock splitting, insect feeding, insect breeding, insect collection, insect grinding, pathogen removal, multifunctional flour mixing, liquid mixing, shaping, cooking, flavoring, biocatalyst mixing, exoskeleton separation, liquid separation, and lipid extraction. An IPSS may be configured to be constructed out of a plurality of containerized modules.

Abstract: Variable-scale, modular, easily manufacturable, energy efficient, reliable, and computer-operated farming superstructure systems (FSS) may be used to produce cannabis for human consumption with minimal water and environmental impact. Methods to method to separate volatiles from cannabis are described. Methods to asexually clone a plurality of cannabis plants are also provided.

Abstract: Variable-scale, modular, easily manufacturable, energy efficient, reliable, and computer-operated farming superstructure systems (FSS) may be used to produce cannabis for human consumption with minimal water and environmental impact. A FSS system may comprise modules including liquid distribution and plant growing. A FSS may be configured to be constructed out of a plurality of containerized modules.

Abstract: A multi-stage product gas generation system converts a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas which may subsequently be converted into a liquid fuel or other material. One or more reactors containing bed material may be used to conduct reactions to effect the conversions. Unreacted inert feedstock contaminants present in the carbonaceous material may be separated from bed material using a portion of the product gas. A heat transfer medium collecting heat from a reaction in one stage may be applied as a reactant input in another, earlier stage.

Abstract: Variable-scale, modular, easily manufacturable, energy efficient, reliable, and computer-operated farming superstructure systems (FSS) may be used to produce cannabis for human consumption with minimal water and environmental impact. Methods to method to separate volatiles from cannabis are described. Methods to asexually clone a plurality of cannabis plants are also provided.

Abstract: A feedstock delivery system transfers a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas generation system. The feedstock delivery system includes a splitter for splitting bulk carbonaceous material into a plurality of carbonaceous material streams. Each stream is processed using a weighing system for gauging the quantity of carbonaceous material, a densification system for forming plugs of carbonaceous material, a de-densification system for breaking up the plugs of carbonaceous material, and a gas and carbonaceous material mixing system for forming a carbonaceous material and gas mixture. A pressure of the mixing gas is reduced prior to mixing with the carbonaceous material, and the carbonaceous material to gas weight ratio is monitored. A transport assembly conveys the carbonaceous material and gas mixture to a first reactor where at least the carbonaceous material within the mixture is subject to thermochemical reactions to form the product gas.

Abstract: A solids discharge system (SDS) is configured to separate solids from product gas. The system includes a solids separation device and at least one solids transfer conduit configured to receive solids from the solids separation device. The solids transfer conduit is selectively partitioned into a plurality of compartments (or “sections”) along its length by isolation valves. A gas supply conduit and a gas discharge conduits are connected to one of the sections to facilitate removal of solids. A filter in fluid communication with that section is configured to prevent solids from passing through the gas discharge conduit so that the solids can be removed from one of the sections of the solids transfer conduit. A product gas generation system incorporates first and second reactors, the latter of which receives products created by the second reactor.

Abstract: Variable-scale, modular, easily manufacturable, energy efficient, reliable, and computer operated Insect Production Superstructure Systems (IPSS) and Farming Superstructure Systems (FSS) may be used to produce cannabis, insects, and psilocybin mushrooms for human and animal consumption, and for the extraction and use of lipids, drugs, and chemicals for applications involving medicine, nanotechnology, consumer products, pharmaceuticals, pet food, and chemical production with minimal water, feedstock, and environmental impact.