Abstract: 5G and especially 6G are susceptible to phase faults due to rapid phase fluctuations, usually in the local oscillator of the user device. Low-cost IoT applications that 6G is intended to serve may be impractical unless phase noise mitigation can be applied on each uplink and downlink message. Accordingly, a single-branch phase-tracking reference is disclosed occupying just a single resource element, in which one quadrature branch is transmitted with a predetermined maximum modulation amplitude, and the other branch has zero amplitude. The receiver can then quantify the phase noise (or the phase rotation angle) according to a ratio of the as-received branch amplitudes, and mitigate a concurrent message by de-rotating each message element by the same phase angle, thereby restoring high reliability at high frequencies at negligible cost.

Abstract: Message faults are caused by network crowding and signal fading at high frequencies of 5G and 6G. Current error-detection and correction algorithms are computationally demanding, especially for new low-cost reduced-capability IoT devices. Disclosed are methods for (a) determining whether a message is faulted using a compact error-detection code, (b) localizing the most likely faulted message element(s) according to the waveform signal, and (c) determining the likely corrected version by back-calculating from the error-detection code. Other versions include testing various modulation substitutions for the most suspicious message elements, having the worst signal quality. The waveform parameters may include a deviation from an average amplitude, phase, frequency, or polarization, as well as an amount of amplitude variation and phase variation within the message element. Identification of the most likely faulted message elements may enable recovery of the message without a costly retransmission.

Abstract: Message faulting is an increasing problem in 5G and future 6G due to network crowding, receiver motion, signal fading at higher frequencies, and greater phase-noise sensitivity. Disclosed herein are methods for analyzing waveform features of the received signal using artificial intelligence, and identifying the likely faulted message elements according to correlations of those waveform features. For example, after demodulating, the receiver can identify a subset of message elements that are all demodulated according to the same modulation level, and can measure a signal parameter for each message element in the subset. The processor can then average the deviations in the subset, and compare those message elements to the average for the subset. If one of the message elements shows an anomalously large deviation from the average, that message element is likely faulted.

Abstract: Corrupted messages in 5G and 6G are usually discarded, leading to a retransmission with its added costs, delays, and background generation. Therefore, disclosed herein are methods for a wireless receiver to determine which message elements are faulted, and in many cases to correct them, based on parameters of the waveform signal in each message element. Multiple parameters may be combined for better sensitivity to the fault condition. For example, the indicator parameters may be the modulation deviation of each message element, its amplitude or phase noise level, characteristic interference patterns between symbol-times, a polarization anomaly, a frequency offset, or combinations of these. After localizing the likely faulted message elements, the receiver may be able to recover the message by correcting the waveform signal or the demodulation value, thereby saving time and energy at near zero cost.

Abstract: A method for modulating and demodulating 5G and 6G messages is disclosed, in which the message elements are configured with a large phase margin between adjacent modulation states, and are demodulated in a way that preserves the large phase margins. Phase noise, a major problem at high frequencies, scrambles adjacent modulation states, causing message faults. The disclosed modulation schemes and demodulation methods accommodate such phase noise without faulting, by providing a wide acceptance range for phase. Hence substantial phase noise can be accommodated without changing the demodulated state, thereby avoiding a message fault. The rate of message faults due to phase demodulation errors may be substantially decreased, and message faults at higher frequencies may be reduced, according to some embodiments. Strategies for minimizing amplitude faults are also disclosed.

Abstract: A network architecture is disclosed for intrinsic cybersecurity of low-cost, low-complexity IoT devices such as single-task sensors and actuators. The IoT devices are configured in a star topology sub-network, in which a number of IoT “end devices” communicate exclusively with a single “hub device” that manages the sub-network. The hub device is also connected to a larger network such as a 5G or 6G network. Each end device makes a measurement or operates an actuator on instructions from the hub device, and transmits data results back to the hub device, which then transmits the results (or a summary thereof) up to the base station of the larger network. Thus the larger network is relieved of responsibility for routine managing of the end devices, since the hub device does that. Also the larger network is protected from cyberattacks by configuring each end device to boot and execute from ROM, and other features described herein.

Abstract: Noise and interference in 5G/6G messages can be corrected by including a predetermined reference signal in the guard space of each resource element of the message. Even highly variable noise and interference, fluctuating in time and in frequency, can be negated when the demodulation reference signals are positioned within each resource element of the message. In addition, if the guard-space reference signal varies excessively between resource elements, the associated message element can be flagged as likely faulted. Since the guard space is already included in the transmission, no additional resources or transmission power are required. Methods are also disclosed for retaining the signal processing features of prior-art guard space signals such as a cyclic prefix, at low to no cost.

Abstract: One or more embodiments of a device for securing guitar modulators is shown. The device includes a face, a bracket, and a base. The face defines a hole that extends completely through the face with a first length in a first direction and a first width in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, wherein the first length is greater than the first width. The bracket connects under the face and extends in the first direction parallel to the hole and is configured to allow a grommet to slide along the bracket in the first direction. The base is configured to support the face.

Abstract: One or more embodiments of a device for securing guitar modulators is shown. The device includes a face, a bracket, and a base. The face defines a hole that extends completely through the face with a first length in a first direction and a first width in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, wherein the first length is greater than the first width. The bracket connects under the face and extends in the first direction parallel to the hole and is configured to allow a grommet to slide along the bracket in the first direction. The base is configured to support the face.

Abstract: A printing assembly may include a first continuous cylinder and a first jogging assembly. The first continuous cylinder may be configured to apply print media to a flexible substrate responsive to contact with the flexible substrate. The first continuous cylinder may include a plurality of partitions configured such that only one of the partitions is aligned for contact with the flexible substrate at any given time, and each of the partitions may have a unique print characteristic associated therewith. The first jogging assembly may be operably coupled with the first continuous cylinder to move the first continuous cylinder along an axis thereof to change alignment of the partitions relative to the flexible substrate.

Abstract: A tool includes a handle, and arm, a pivotable coupler, and an implement. The handle has a first end and an opposing second end. The arm has a third end and an opposing fourth end. The pivotable coupler couples the opposing second end of the handle to the third end of the arm. The handle and the arm are pivotable relative to each other about the pivotable coupler between a closed orientation and an open orientation. The handle and the arm extend in a substantially same direction when arranged in the closed orientation. The arm extends at an angle from the handle when arranged in the open orientation. The implement is coupled to the opposing fourth end of the arm.

Abstract: Techniques are described herein for routing customer support requests via a vertical stack queue. The techniques may include receiving a request for customer support from a user device and identifying a group of agents available to serve the request. The group is associated with a stack queue, and the request is routed to a first level of contact queue pool that includes the group. Upon determining whether a wait time associated the stack queue at the first level of contact queue pool exceeds a predetermined threshold, an additional group of agents to serve the request is identified in addition to the group of the plurality of groups of agents. The group and an additional group of agents are distinct from each other. Upon identifying the additional group, the request is routed to a second level of contact queue pool that includes the additional group of agents.

Abstract: A printing assembly (400) may include a first continuous cylinder (420) and a first jogging assembly (424). The first continuous cylinder (420) may be configured to apply print media to a flexible substrate (300) responsive to contact with the flexible substrate. The first continuous cylinder (100, 420) may include a plurality of partitions (210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260) configured such that only one of the partitions is aligned for contact with the flexible substrate at any given time, and each of the partitions may have a unique print characteristic associated therewith. The first jogging assembly (424) may be operably coupled with the first continuous cylinder (420) to move the first continuous cylinder along an axis thereof to change alignment of the partitions relative to the flexible substrate.

Abstract: A pressure regulating device for use with a breathing assistance and/or resuscitation apparatus, which conveys gases along a gases pathway to a patient, includes a mounting for connecting the pressure regulating device to a first outlet in fluid communication with the gases pathway. The mounting holds a valve member that selectively blocks, at least in part, the first outlet. A control member can be manipulated to adjust a property of the valve member. The valve member at least partially blocks the first outlet when the pressure of gases in the pathway is below a selected level, and allows at least a portion of the gases to flow out of the first outlet when the pressure of said gases is above the selected level. The property includes a selected level of pressure whereby manipulation of the control member adjusts the level of pressure between a maximum level and a minimum level.

Abstract: A pressure regulating device for use with a breathing assistance and/or resuscitation apparatus, which conveys gases along a gases pathway to a patient, includes a mounting for connecting the pressure regulating device to a first outlet in fluid communication with the gases pathway. The mounting holds a valve member that selectively blocks, at least in part, the first outlet. A control member can be manipulated to adjust a property of the valve member. The valve member at least partially blocks the first outlet when the pressure of gases in the pathway is below a selected level, and allows at least a portion of the gases to flow out of the first outlet when the pressure of said gases is above the selected level. The property includes a selected level of pressure whereby manipulation of the control member adjusts the level of pressure between a maximum level and a minimum level.

Abstract: Techniques are described herein for routing customer support requests via a vertical stack queue. The techniques may include receiving a request for customer support from a user device and identifying a group of agents available to serve the request. The group is associated with a stack queue, and the request is routed to a first level of contact queue pool that includes the group. Upon determining whether a wait time associated the stack queue at the first level of contact queue pool exceeds a predetermined threshold, an additional group of agents to serve the request is identified in addition to the group of the plurality of groups of agents. The group and an additional group of agents are distinct from each other. Upon identifying the additional group, the request is routed to a second level of contact queue pool that includes the additional group of agents.

Abstract: A printing assembly may include a first continuous cylinder and a first jogging assembly. The first continuous cylinder may be configured to apply print media to a flexible substrate responsive to contact with the flexible substrate. The first continuous cylinder may include a plurality of partitions configured such that only one of the partitions is aligned for contact with the flexible substrate at any given time, and each of the partitions may have a unique print characteristic associated therewith. The first jogging assembly may be operably coupled with the first continuous cylinder to move the first continuous cylinder along an axis thereof to change alignment of the partitions relative to the flexible substrate.

Abstract: A personal care product includes an elbow, a handle, an arm, a first personal care attachment, and a second personal care attachment. The elbow has a first end extending in a first direction and a second end extending in a second direction that is non-parallel to the first direction. The handle is coupled to the first end of the elbow such that the handle extends in the first direction. The arm is coupled to the second end of the elbow such that the arm extends in the second direction. The first personal care attachment is detachably coupled to the arm. The second personal care attachment is interchangeable with the first personal care attachment.

Abstract: An apparatus for a gas turbine engine can include an airfoil having an interior. The interior can be separated into one or more cooling air channels extending in a span-wise direction. An accelerator insert can be placed in one or more cooling air channels to define a reduced cross-sectional area within the cooling air channel to accelerate an airflow passing through the cooling air channel.

Abstract: A printing assembly (400) may include a first continuous cylinder (420) and a first jogging assembly (424). The first continuous cylinder (420) may be configured to apply print media to a flexible substrate (300) responsive to contact with the flexible substrate. The first continuous cylinder (100, 420) may include a plurality of partitions (210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260) configured such that only one of the partitions is aligned for contact with the flexible substrate at any given time, and each of the partitions may have a unique print characteristic associated therewith. The first jogging assembly (424) may be operably coupled with the first continuous cylinder (420) to move the first continuous cylinder along an axis thereof to change alignment of the partitions relative to the flexible substrate.