Abstract: The proposed handcuff in the invention employs an innovative locking mechanism, which stops further tightening of the handcuff when the force applied on the wrist of hand or ankle of foot is greater than 1.5 lbs (or any preset value), and prevents physical injuries from over-tightening without compromising the restrain. The handcuff is 50% faster in restraining by automatically locking instead of manually push-to-locking. The handcuff has the same shape/size/cost of the handcuffs currently used by police officer, and is compatible with current training procedure or SOP.

Abstract: The proposed handcuff in the invention employs an innovative locking mechanism, which stops further tightening of the handcuff when the force applied on the wrist of hand or ankle of foot is greater than 1.5 lbs (or any preset value), and prevents physical injuries from over-tightening without compromising the restrain. A notch on the first tooth of the left/right stop pawl prevent the handcuff from being shimmed, a floating pawl keeps the middle stop pawl sticking with the stop ratchet when it moves 2-5 mm sideways. The handcuff is 50% faster in restraining by automatically locking instead of manually push-to-locking. The handcuff has the same shape/size/cost of the handcuffs currently used by police officer, and is compatible with current training procedure or SOP.

Abstract: A VTOL with a redundant propulsion system, the redundant propulsion system comprising two independent groups of rotors, and each group of rotors are driven by an independent engine. When any failure is detected in the first group of rotors or in its connecting parts, the second group of rotors will be accelerated to take over the first group of rotors to supply flying thrust, or vice versa. The VTOL is quiet, low cost, easy to maneuver and highly reliable, and can be used in future personal transportation.

Abstract: A circuit breaker system is provided; the circuit breaker system comprises of a transformer, a capacitor, a pulse generator, a EBWF fuse and a VCB, the circuit breaker system can interrupt rated load current, overload current, surge load current and short-circuit load current within 100 microseconds. The on-state voltage drop of the circuit breaker system is below 0.1V. The circuit breaker system interrupts load current by injecting a non-resonant pulse current to reduce the current between the contacts of the VCB, and circuit breaker system interrupts higher load current by detonating the EBWF fuse to force an open-circuit. The EBWF fuse comprises a detonator in the low terminal and a contacting bellows in the upper terminal. The EBWF fuse can be engaged and dis-engaged by a fuse holder system.

Abstract: An ignition assembly configuration in piston engine with a main piston and an auxiliary piston, the ignition assembly is mounted on the cylinder wall and connects to the combustion chamber; the ignition assembly comprises an connection cut-out passage, an ignition device, or ignition device combined with a fuel injection nozzle, or an ignition device combined with a fuel injection nozzle and a pressure sensor passage. Wherein the auxiliary piston has a by-pass passage to keep the ignition assembly connected to the combustion chamber when the auxiliary piston moves down below the uppermost position of the main piston and blocks the ignition assembly cut-out passage; wherein the uppermost position of the ignition assembly is at or aligned with the uppermost position of the auxiliary piston in combustion stroke, the lowermost position of the ignition assembly is at or aligned with the uppermost position of the main piston.

Abstract: The proposed handcuff in the invention employs an innovative locking mechanism, which stops further tightening of the handcuff when the force applied on the wrist of hand or ankle of foot is greater than 1.5 lbs (or any preset value), and prevents physical injuries from over-tightening without compromising the restrain. The handcuff is 50% faster in restraining by automatically locking instead of manually push-to-locking. The handcuff has the same shape/size/cost of the handcuffs currently used by police officer, and is compatible with current training procedure or SOP.

Abstract: A circuit breaker system is provided; the circuit breaker system comprises of a transformer, a capacitor, a pulse generator, a EBWF fuse and a VCB, the circuit breaker system can interrupt rated load current, overload current, surge load current and short-circuit load current within 100 microseconds. The on-state voltage drop of the circuit breaker system is below 0.1V. The circuit breaker system interrupts load current by injecting a non-resonant pulse current to reduce the current between the contacts of the VCB, and circuit breaker system interrupts higher load current by detonating the EBWF fuse to force an open-circuit. The EBWF fuse comprises a detonator in the low terminal and a contacting bellows in the upper terminal. The EBWF fuse can be engaged and dis-engaged by a fuse holder system.

Abstract: A piston engine is provided; the piston engine has a cylinder, a main piston and an auxiliary piston; a combustion chamber is formed between the main piston and the auxiliary piston within the cylinder; the main piston has an crankpin offset L0, the auxiliary piston and the main piston move in different frequencies, an extended constant V?Vc of the combustion chamber is formed from ? to >10° CA; when at a=?=arc sin[L0/(L+R)] the main piston is at its top dead center; at a=arc sin(L0/R) the side force on the main piston is 0; when peak pressure of combustion is located at PPmax by choosing ignition timing, the most effective torque can be obtained; the torque is controlled by the amount of fuel injected; engine knocking can be prevented by retarded ignition at a>?.

Abstract: A crankshaft system is provided. The crankshaft has a main journal, a rod journal rotates around the main journal, a planet gear is attached to the rod journal and can rotate around the rod journal, the rotation of the planet gear is constrained by a constraining gear, the teeth number of the constraining gear is integer k times of the teeth number of the planet gear, a crankpin is mounted on the planet gear, one end of a connecting rod of a piston is attached to the crankpin, the constraining gear is a ring gear or a sun gear, the trajectory of the crankpin is noncircular. The combustion chamber volume keeps constant from 0° ATDC to 14° ATDC, or the minimum combustion chamber volume extends from TDC to 14° ATDC or after 14° ATDC.

Abstract: A crankshaft system is provided. The crankshaft has a main journal, a rod journal rotates around the main journal, a planet gear is attached to the rod journal and can rotate around the rod journal, the rotation of the planet gear is constrained by a constraining gear, the teeth number of the constraining gear is integer k times of the teeth number of the planet gear, a crankpin is mounted on the planet gear, one end of a connecting rod of a piston is attached to the crankpin, the constraining gear is a ring gear or a sun gear, the trajectory of the crankpin is noncircular. The combustion chamber volume keeps constant from 0° ATDC to 14° ATDC, or the minimum combustion chamber volume extends from TDC to 14° ATDC or after 14° ATDC.

Abstract: A piston engine is provided; the piston engine has a cylinder, a main piston and an auxiliary piston, a combustion chamber is formed between the main piston and the auxiliary piston within the cylinder, the auxiliary piston moves in different frequency along it centerline, a plateau is formed near TDC position of the combustion chamber volume V, there is a preferable PPP in each configuration of the piston, when the combustion peak pressure is at the position of preferable PPP position, the best torque is achieved. Different piston configurations, different ignition timings, dynamic energy recovery and storage are also provided in the invention.

Abstract: A movable piston head is provided; the piston head has a head cylinder and a upper piston, a first port and a second port on the head cylinder wall, a first path and a second path in the upper piston, when the first port aligns with the first path horizontally, or the second port aligns with the second path horizontally, the combustion chamber is communicating with external, the upper piston moves up and down to perform intake, exhaust, compression, seal the combustion chamber from external. A variable compression ratio engine and a shifted minimum combustion chamber volume engine are provided. Fuel efficiency is improved and manufacturing cost is reduced, different working sequences and compression ratio control are also provided in the invention.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to piston engine systems which are no longer restricted by their compression ratios. Rather, a mixture of fuel and pre-compressed air is used to complete the combustion. The pressure of the compressed air is independently controlled. As a result, the clearance volume can be reduced to less than 1/50 or to zero, and the piston engine systems can be used with different types of fuels, for example, gasoline, diesel, ethanol, or vegetable oils.

Abstract: Disclosed is a water system that generates heated water and distilled water. The water system has a boiler configured to boil water to produce steam. The water system also has a condensing conduit to receive the steam, wherein thermal energy is removed to condense the steam into distilled water and to cool the distilled water. A heat exchanger is thermally coupled to the condensing conduit to remove a first portion of the thermal energy. The heat exchanger has a heating conduit configured to receive water and to heat the water using the first portion of the thermal energy to produce heated water. According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the water system also has a heat remover thermally coupled to the condensing conduit to remove a second portion of the thermal energy thereby cooling the distilled water in the condensing conduit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a water supply system that conditionally fills with heated water. The water supply system has a water tank configured to store and supply heated water, a heater configured to heat water in the water tank, and a sensor configured to sense a temperature of the water in the water tank. In accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure, the water supply system has a water supply unit configured to selectively supply heated water or unheated water to the water tank based on the temperature that has been sensed. In some implementations, this is performed to reduce use of the heated water, which may result in energy savings.

Abstract: A modular assembly for regulating moisture and temperature of content of a container, and method associated thereof. The system includes a moisture and temperature regulating device with a condenser and an evaporator separated by a heat insulation layer; a container with moist content, the container and the moisture and temperature regulating device are joinable, and moisture and temperature associated with the container are regulated by the moisture and temperature regulating device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a water system that generates heated water and distilled water. The water system has a boiler configured to boil water to produce steam. The water system also has a condensing conduit to receive the steam, wherein thermal energy is removed to condense the steam into distilled water and to cool the distilled water. A heat exchanger is thermally coupled to the condensing conduit to remove a first portion of the thermal energy. The heat exchanger has a heating conduit configured to receive water and to heat the water using the first portion of the thermal energy to produce heated water. According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the water system also has a heat remover thermally coupled to the condensing conduit to remove a second portion of the thermal energy thereby cooling the distilled water in the condensing conduit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a water supply system that conditionally fills with heated water. The water supply system has a water tank configured to store and supply heated water, a heater configured to heat water in the water tank, and a sensor configured to sense a temperature of the water in the water tank. In accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure, the water supply system has a water supply unit configured to selectively supply heated water or unheated water to the water tank based on the temperature that has been sensed. In some implementations, this is performed to reduce use of the heated water, which may result in energy savings.

Abstract: The invention relates to a modular assembly for regulating moisture and temperature of content of a container, and the method associated thereof. The system comprises a moisture and temperature regulating device, said device comprises a condenser and an evaporator separated by a heat insulation layer; a container with moist content, the container and the moisture and temperature regulating device joinable by coupling means, wherein when the moisture and temperature regulating device and the container are coupled together, moisture and temperature associated with the container are regulated by the moisture and temperature regulating device.

Abstract: A switched reluctance motor (SRM) with a rotor shaft defining a rotational axis, a rotor disc extending radially from the rotor shaft, the rotor disc has rotor poles spaced equally circumferentially. The SRM also has a stator arrangement with member stators spaced equally circumferentially and aligned in a common plane perpendicular to the rotational axis and axially spaced from the rotor disc for forming an axial air gap. Every second member stator of the plurality of member stators forms a respective group, so that each member stator of a first group is surrounded by two members of a second group on each side. The stator coils in the first group are connected to a half-wave rectifier arrangement in a forward direction and the stator coils in the second group are connected to the half-wave rectifier arrangement in the reverse direction.