Abstract: To permit safe writing of the pointer (P) pointing to the current record in a cyclic memory or ring memory, e.g. an EEPROM, the new record (D'#3) is written to the memory location (R3) containing the oldest record, and then the pointer (P) is updated. The pointer (P) consists of a first pointer (P1, P1*) and a second pointer (P2, P2*) redundant with respect to the first pointer. Each pointer contains a check value in the form of the inverse or complement code of the actual pointer. Due to the second pointer and the check value, the pointer is written with optimal safety. In case of a disturbance in the course of pointer updating, the old first pointer can later alternatively be recovered from the second pointer or the second pointer updated with the aid of the new first pointer.

Abstract: An oven includes a baking space lighting system switched off automatically after a predetermined period of operation but automatically switched on again upon actuation of a manually actuated oven element.

Abstract: A baking oven includes baking oven lighting reduced by a dimmer device of a control device not suddenly each time, but such that the lighting becomes continuously weaker over a time period visually evident to a user. The light intensity is, preferably, also continuously increased when the baking space lighting is switched on.

Abstract: An apparatus for unloading rails from a freight car on which the rails are arrayed to extend in a longitudinal direction of the freight car comprises a track-bound car, and a rail guiding unit positioned at each car end. Each rail guiding unit comprises a pair of rail guide heads having guide rollers for centering a respective one of the rails therebetween. The rail guide heads of a first rail guiding unit are positioned at one of the car ends and are displaceable in a horizontal plane perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction, and drives are provided for vertically adjusting the rail guide heads of the first rail guiding unit.

Abstract: The method allows accurate setting of the volumetric gas flow through a gas feed line to a burner nozzle of a gas-operated cooking or baking appliance and required for a desired burner heat output. A corresponding cooking or baking appliance, in particular a gas stove, gas cooker, a gas hob, or gas oven, has a burner with a nozzle connected to the gas feed line. A gas valve is arranged in the gas feed line. The accuracy and reproducibility of the setting of the volumetric gas flow is improved owing to the fact that a current flow (actual measured value) of the gas through the gas feed line is detected by means of a meter and is regulated to a calculated or preset desired flow value that corresponds to the desired burner heat output by means of a controller and an actuating device for varying the gas flow.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula Ia and Ib are described ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and represent hydrogen, straight-chain or branched C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 lower alkyl or an aryl group optionally substituted by electron-withdrawing groups, R.sup.3 denotes a cleavable group, W is hydrogen, halogen or a pseudohalogen and at least one of the groups R.sup.4 or R.sup.5 is a group stabilizing the dioxetane structure and at most one of the groups R.sup.4 or R.sup.5 represents hydrogen and X or Y represents oxygen, N-R or C(R).sub.2 in which R has the meanings stated for R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 or represents a mesomeric double bond or a carbonyl group and n denotes the number 0 or 1 and m denotes the number 1 or 2, as well as a process for their production. These compounds are new and can be used as substrates in immunological assays and in DNA diagnostics using activating agents for colour formation.

Abstract: In a system for conducting transactions with a multifunctional card having an integrated circuit, the circuit contains a bank application associated with the user's account-keeping bank and at least one purse application associated with a services supplier or manufacturer. With the aid of an apparatus communicating with the card, the card user can load a selectable sum of money into the purse application. The purse supplier is provided with a transaction certificate about the sum loaded in the purse and to be credited to the purse supplier's account, without a need for storing the secret data necessary for preparing this certificate in the purse application or in the purse terminal.

Abstract: A semiconductor radiation detector with layer-wise construction and a contive region having a two-dimensional or quasi one-dimensional electron or hole gas is provided in which adiabatic transport in edge channels occurs at least regionally and in which at least two contacts are provided to this conductive region. The transport in the edge channels is disturbed by interaction with the electromagnetic radiation to be detected, i.e. an increase of the scattering rate between the edge channels is caused. This leads to a change of the resistance measurable between the contacts, with a means being provided for measuring the change of resistance to thereby detect the incident radiation.

Abstract: Apparatus for intermittently advancing successive pallets of a series of pallets with downwardly extending roller followers and profiled sidewalls has two endless belt conveyors which are continuously driven to advance the pallets above them along a horizontal path and into the range of an intermittently rotated cylindrical conveyor having an open-ended helical peripheral groove for the followers of successive pallets. The end portions of the groove extend circumferentially of the cylindrical conveyor and are flanked by front and rear stops for the followers of two successive pallets. The sidewalls of the pallet whose follower engages the stop at the front end of the cylindrical conveyor are engaged by idler rollers which maintain the respective pallet above and out of contact with the belt conveyors.

Abstract: An apparatus for moving the gripper of an inserter for workpieces in a machine tool has a rotor with an endless first cam in its peripheral surface and a second cam in one of its end faces. A carriage which is reciprocable in parallelism with the axis of the rotor receives motion from the first cam by way of a reciprocable toothed rack, a gear segment which is turnable by the rack, and a lever which is coupled to a slide on the carriage. The latter mounts a place-like support for the gripper in such a way that the support is movable at right angles to the direction of reciprocation of the carriage. The support receives motion from the second cam by way of a turnable guide member for the carriage and a lever which extends into a groove of the support. The support moves transversely of the direction of reciprocation of the carriage when the rotor is driven by a motor.

Abstract: A work locating apparatus having a tension member actuated by an actuating member, particularly an actuating piston, via a starting stroke and a working stroke in which a pneumatic cylinder constitutes a control means and a mechanical step-up mechanism is operable between the control means and the tension member with the actuating member abutting directly the tension member by the starting stroke and the step-up mechanism by the working stroke of the tension member.