Abstract: A data storage device includes a nonvolatile memory device; a control unit configured to generate a descriptor in which works for controlling the nonvolatile memory device are written; a memory control unit configured to provide control signals and write data to the nonvolatile memory device based on the descriptor; and a voltage detector configured to provide a voltage drop signal to the memory control unit in the case where a first operating voltage provided to the memory control unit or a second operating voltage provided to the nonvolatile memory device, drops.

Abstract: A beam steering optical phased array (OPA) may include an optical signal distributor including a plurality of output terminals configured to divide and output input optical signals and phase shifters arranged at the plurality of output terminals and configured to receive the divided optical signals and shift phases thereof to generate phase-shifted optical signals. The beam steering OPA may include antennas configured to receive the phase-shifted optical signals and an optical signal interferometer. The optical signal interferometer may include first input waveguide regions connected to a limited selection of the antennas and extending in a first direction, a multi-mode waveguide region connected to the first input waveguide regions, and a first output waveguide region connected to the multi-mode waveguide region and extending in the first direction. The beam OPA may enable errors due to process dispersion to be effectively corrected, and thus, the beam steering OPA may have enhanced reliability.

Abstract: A data storage device includes a nonvolatile memory device; and a controller suitable for controlling the nonvolatile memory device through a command, the controller comprising a memory controller including a queue which includes multiple slots, each of the multiple slots being mapped to one type among a plurality of types of the command, and suitable for processing a descriptor for the command enqueued to the queue to generate the command; and a processor suitable for requesting one slot of the multiple slots mapped to one type among the plurality of types of the command, to the memory controller, and enqueuing, when allocated with the one slot, the descriptor for the command, to the one slot.

Abstract: A memory system includes a memory device including a plurality of blocks and a plurality of page buffers which respectively correspond to the blocks, wherein each of the blocks includes a plurality of pages in which data is stored, and a controller suitable for backing up data, which is stored in a memory included in the controller, in the page buffers when an operation mode is about to change to a power save mode.

Abstract: A beam steering optical phased array (OPA) may include an optical signal distributor including a plurality of output terminals configured to divide and output input optical signals and phase shifters arranged at the plurality of output terminals and configured to receive the divided optical signals and shift phases thereof to generate phase-shifted optical signals. The beam steering OPA may include antennas configured to receive the phase-shifted optical signals and an optical signal interferometer. The optical signal interferometer may include first input waveguide regions connected to a limited selection of the antennas and extending in a first direction, a multi-mode waveguide region connected to the first input waveguide regions, and a first output waveguide region connected to the multi-mode waveguide region and extending in the first direction. The beam OPA may enable errors due to process dispersion to be effectively corrected, and thus, the beam steering OPA may have enhanced reliability.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a display, a communication interface, a processor electrically connected with the display and the communication interface, and a memory electrically connected with the processor. The memory stores instructions that cause the processor to execute a message transmission application configured to transmit or receive data through a first communication mode, select at least one message thread from a list of messages transmitted and received in the message transmission application, and establish a channel according to a second communication mode with an external electronic device based on identification information of the external electronic device associated with the selected message thread.

Abstract: An optical phased array (OPA) may be included in a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system and may be configured to perform beam steering. The OPA may include a cascading structure of splitters configured to enable a branch operation to be performed M times. Each splitter may split an input optical signal in a ratio of 1:1 and output the split input optical signal. The OPA may include a plurality of sets of first phase shifters (PSs), each set of first PSs located exclusively on one output end of a separate splitter, each set of first PSs including a particular quantity of first PSs based on a branch position at which the separate splitter is located. The OPA may be included in a LiDAR system that is further included in a vehicle that is configured to enable navigation of the vehicle, including autonomous navigation, through an environment.

Abstract: An optical device includes a substrate; a trench in a portion of the substrate; a clad layer arranged in the trench; a first structure arranged on the clad layer to have a first depth; and a second structure arranged on the clad layer to have a second depth different from the first depth.

Abstract: An optical transmitter includes photonic integrated circuits configured to respectively output optical transmission signals in different wavelength ranges. A photonic integrated circuit may include emitters configured to emit beams having different wavelengths; drivers configured to respectively provide power to the emitters, and a wavelength division multiplexer configured to transmit the beams emitted by the emitters. A photonic integrated circuit may include a switch device that controls the drivers, and light detectors configured to detect intensities of the beams emitted from the emitters. The switch device may selectively operate at least one driver of the plurality of drivers based on information associated with intensities of the beams. The switch device may selectively operate a driver connected to an emitter, based on a determination that an intensity of a beam emitted by another emitter is less than a threshold intensity value.

Abstract: A data storage device includes a nonvolatile memory device; a control unit configured to generate a descriptor in which works for controlling the nonvolatile memory device are written; a memory control unit configured to provide control signals and write data to the nonvolatile memory device based on the descriptor; and a voltage detector configured to provide a voltage drop signal to the memory control unit in the case where a first operating voltage provided to the memory control unit or a second operating voltage provided to the nonvolatile memory device drops.

Abstract: Disclosed is a storage device, including: a memory controller configured to generate mode maintenance information or mode change information in response to a command received from a host; and a memory device configured to perform a selected operation in a previous mode when the mode maintenance information is received, and change a mode and perform the selected operation when the mode change information is received.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for controlling an auxiliary apparatus of drilling equipment in a drill ship. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the apparatus for controlling an auxiliary apparatus of drilling equipment in a drill ship comprises: drilling equipment controller for transmitting a main apparatus execution command to a DC/AC converter in order to operate a main apparatus; and the DC/AC converter for transmitting an auxiliary apparatus execution command to an MCC in order to operate an auxiliary apparatus related to the main apparatus when receiving the main apparatus execution command from the drilling equipment controller, and operating the main apparatus when the auxiliary apparatus is normally operated, wherein the auxiliary apparatus is an apparatus to be operated in advance in order to operate the main apparatus.

Abstract: A memory system in accordance with an embodiment of the inventive concept includes a memory controller comprising a controller optical transmission unit photoelectrically-converting a data signal to output a first optical modulation signal and a second optical modulation signal, a first memory device which is optically connected with the memory controller to receive the first optical modulation signal, and a second memory device which is optically connected with the memory controller to receive the second optical modulation signal. The first optical modulation signal and the second optical modulation signal are complementary to each other.

Abstract: A memory system includes a memory device including a plurality of memory blocks and a controller suitable for selecting first memory blocks, the number of valid pages of which is equal to or less than a first threshold value, among the plurality of memory blocks, and performing a garbage collection operation on the first memory blocks based on error bit information of the first memory blocks.

Abstract: An optical device includes a substrate; a trench in a portion of the substrate; a clad layer arranged in the trench; a first structure arranged on the clad layer to have a first depth; and a second structure arranged on the clad layer to have a second depth different from the first depth.

Abstract: An operating method of a data storage device includes determining whether the data storage device is in a main boot mode or a sub boot mode, based on data stored in a boot mode register; executing a main boot code stored in a ROM, when the data storage device is determined to be in the main boot mode; and executing a sub boot code loaded on a working memory, when the data storage device is determined to be in the sub boot mode, and then, executing the main boot code.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include a first processor transferring a plurality of command data sets, a mailbox receiving and storing the plurality of command data sets, and a second processor receiving command data sets of the mailbox, wherein the first processor may transfer at least one abort slot number to the mailbox, and wherein the mailbox may search and abort a command data set having a slot number which is identical to an abort slot number among the plurality of command data sets.

Abstract: A data storage device includes a nonvolatile memory device; and a controller suitable for controlling an operation of the nonvolatile memory device based on a request from a host device, wherein the controller includes a first core activated in a normal mode and a second core activated in a standby mode.

Abstract: A data processing system includes a host device including a first volatile memory device, and a data storage device including a second volatile memory device and a nonvolatile memory device, and suitable for storing data to be accessed by the host device. The data storage device uploads data stored in the second volatile memory device to the first volatile memory device before the data storage device in a normal mode enters a power-save mode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a storage device, including: a memory controller configured to generate mode maintenance information or mode change information in response to a command received from a host; and a memory device configured to perform a selected operation in a previous mode when the mode maintenance information is received, and change a mode and perform the selected operation when the mode change information is received.