Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for a display drive scheme without a reset. In one aspect, a first voltage can be applied to an electrode of a display unit to position a movable element from a first position towards a second position, and a second voltage can be applied to the electrode of the display unit to position the movable element to the second position.

Abstract: Various implementations described herein involve interferometric modulators (IMODs), which may be single-mirror IMODs (SMIs). Such IMODs may include an absorber stack and a mirror stack. The absorber stack and the mirror stack may define a gap therebetween and may be capable of being positioned in a plurality of positions relative to one another to form a plurality of gap heights. A hinge area may physically connect the mirror stack and an anchor area. Some such IMODs have hinge areas without any metal layer. However, the hinge area may be capable of forming an electrical connection with at least one metal layer of the mirror stack. For example, such IMODs may have a hinge area that includes a non-metal conductor.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods and apparatus for wireless power transfer using an array of structures. Each of the structures can include a piezoelectric material portion and a magnetic material portion. Each of the magnetic material portions can respond to an alternating magnetic field generated by an external transmitter device, resulting in the structures oscillating and straining the corresponding piezoelectric material portions to generate electrical current.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for a capacitance measurement circuit. In one aspect, a circuit can inject charge onto an electrode of a display unit of a display. The circuit can also transfer charge from the electrode to a capacitor to generate a voltage corresponding to a capacitance between the electrode and another electrode of the display unit.

Abstract: This disclosure provides apparatus, systems and methods for an electromechanical systems (EMS) device having one or more flexible support posts. In one aspect, the EMS device includes a substrate, a stationary electrode over the substrate, one or more flexible support posts over the substrate, and a movable electrode over the stationary electrode and supported by the one or more flexible support posts. The movable electrode is configured to move across a gap between the movable electrode and the stationary electrode upon electrostatic actuation, where the one or more flexible support posts include a first organic material and can be configured to compress to permit the movable electrode to move across the gap.

Abstract: Various implementations described herein involve interferometric modulators (IMODs), which may be single-mirror IMODs (SMIs). Such IMODs may include an absorber stack and a mirror stack. The absorber stack and the mirror stack may define a gap therebetween and may be capable of being positioned in a plurality of positions relative to one another to form a plurality of gap heights. A hinge area may physically connect the mirror stack and an anchor area. Some such IMODs have hinge areas without any metal layer. However, the hinge area may be capable of forming an electrical connection with at least one metal layer of the mirror stack. For example, such IMODs may have a hinge area that includes a non-metal conductor.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for a display drive scheme without a reset. In one aspect, a first voltage can be applied to an electrode of a display unit to position a movable element from a first position towards a second position, and a second voltage can be applied to the electrode of the display unit to position the movable element to the second position.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for forming electromechanical devices having a gap between a movable layer and a fixed layer. In one aspect, the movable layer may be supported by hinge structures, and the design of the hinge structure may be controlled to provide a desired amount of flexure, providing electromechanical devices with a desired gap height. The height of the gap may be larger than the thickness a sacrificial material used during the fabrication process. In another aspect, the design of the hinge structure may be used to control threshold voltages of electromechanical devices.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for an arrangement of pixels and interconnects in a display. In one aspect, polarities of pixels may be in a dot inversion configuration, or checkerboard pattern, to reduce the visibility of flicker. Various interconnect alternatively couple between modules in different columns or rows to provide dot inversion.

Abstract: Various implementations described herein involve multi-state interferometric modulators (MS-IMODs) without dielectric layers capable of affecting optical performance formed on the mirrors. The MS-IMODs disclosed herein may include a novel combination of high refractive index and low refractive index layers in the absorber stack. Some such MS-IMODs include absorber stacks having an absorber layer, a first high-index layer disposed between the absorber layer and the substrate, a low-index layer disposed between the absorber layer and the first high-index layer and a second high-index layer disposed on a side of the absorber layer facing the mirror. The absorber stack and the mirror may define a gap therebetween and may be capable of being positioned in a plurality of positions relative to one another to form a plurality of gap heights. In some implementations, the closest position corresponds with a black state gap height.

Abstract: This disclosure provides apparatus and methods for mitigating electrostatic discharge (ESD) in display devices. In one aspect, a display device includes an encapsulation substrates having an anti-static coating on one or more of surfaces of the encapsulation substrate. The display devices can include transparent substrates having display elements thereon such that the encapsulation substrate that covers the display elements. The anti-static coating on one or more surfaces of the encapsulation substrate can dissipate charge that may build up during fabrication or operation of the display device. The anti-static coating can be conductive and transparent, with examples of such coatings including transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), thin metal films, thin carbon films, and networks of conductive nanostructures.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for a driver circuit providing a selection of a voltage among multiple voltages at its output. In one aspect, the static power consumption of the circuit may be reduced by employing a power supply scheme that allows for a reduction in sub-threshold leakage current.

Abstract: A display apparatus comprising an array of electromechanical display elements and a driver circuit coupled to the array is provided. The driver circuit is configured to apply a DC voltage to a first stationary electrode of the display element and adjust a bias voltage applied to a second stationary electrode of the display element from a first bias voltage to a second bias voltage before a reset period. The driver circuit is further configured to apply a first reset voltage to a movable electrode of the display element during the reset period, apply a write voltage to the movable electrode during a charging period to charge the movable electrode with a charge Q defined at least in part by the write voltage, and adjust the bias voltage applied to the second stationary electrode from the second bias voltage to a third bias voltage during a bias period.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for providing voltages to an arrangement of display modules in a display. In one aspect, a group including multiple rows of display modules may be provided a reset signal at the same time. Each row may be provided its own driver circuit to provide a row enable signal such that each row of display modules in the group may be biased row-by-row following the reset. Additionally, driver circuitry providing a variety of voltages to the display modules may be implemented in chip-on-glass (COG).

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for recycling charge. In one aspect, a circuit may include amplifiers with power supplies provided by a capacitor voltage divider. A storage capacitor may be configured to be coupled one at a time and in parallel with individual capacitors of the voltage divider. The storage capacitor may store charge that may be reused.

Abstract: This disclosure provides apparatus, systems and methods for an electromechanical systems (EMS) device having one or more flexible support posts. In one aspect, the EMS device includes a substrate, a stationary electrode over the substrate, one or more flexible support posts over the substrate, and a movable electrode over the stationary electrode and supported by the one or more flexible support posts. The movable electrode is configured to move across a gap between the movable electrode and the stationary electrode upon electrostatic actuation, where the one or more flexible support posts include a first organic material and can be configured to compress to permit the movable electrode to move across the gap.

Abstract: This disclosure provides apparatus, systems and methods for an electromechanical systems (EMS) device having a non-electrically active absorber. In one aspect, the EMS device includes a stationary electrode over a substrate, a dielectric layer over the stationary electrode, an absorber over the dielectric layer, and a movable electrode over the absorber. The movable electrode is configured to move to a plurality of positions between the absorber and the movable electrode to define a plurality of gap heights. Furthermore, the absorber includes a non-electrically active material. In some implementations, the absorber can include an optical layer having a plurality of particles in an electrically insulating material.

Abstract: This disclosure provides apparatus, systems and methods for an electromechanical systems (EMS) device made of organic materials. In one aspect, the EMS device includes a stationary electrode over a substrate and a movable electrode over the stationary electrode, where the movable electrode is configured to move across a gap between the movable electrode and the stationary electrode by electrostatic actuation. One or more layers between the movable electrode and the stationary electrode may be made of polymer material. One or more layers in the EMS device may include an optical layer made of polymer material and configured to attenuate energy of light corresponding to one or more wavelength ranges. In some implementations, the optical layer may include a plurality of absorber particles in a host material that is electrically insulating.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus for an electromechanical systems (EMS) device with one or more protrusions connected to a surface of the EMS device. In one aspect, the EMS device includes a substrate, a stationary electrode over the substrate, and a movable electrode over the stationary electrode. The movable electrode is configured to move to three or more positions across a gap by electrostatic actuation between the movable electrode and the stationary electrode. When the protrusions contact any surface of the EMS device at one of the positions across the gap, the protrusions change the stiffness of the EMS device. At least one of the surfaces in contact with the one or more protrusions is non-rigid. In some implementations, the protrusions have a height greater than about 20 nm.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for an arrangement of pixels and interconnects in a display. In one aspect, polarities of pixels may be in a dot inversion configuration, or checkerboard pattern, to reduce the visibility of flicker. Various interconnect alternatively couple between modules in different columns or rows to provide dot inversion.