Abstract: A method for reproducing information on a dual layer disc which has two recording layers including layer 0 and layer 1 reproducible from one side of the disk, wherein each layer has a plurality of sectors. The method includes the steps of emanating an optical beam from a laser source, concentrating the optical beam on a recording layer with an objective lens, moving the objective lens in the direction of the thickness of the disk so that a focal point of the objective lens is focused on one layer of the two recording layers, obtaining a present layer information of a sector of the recording layer being reproduced from the reflected light from the disk, confirming a target layer information of a target recording layer of a target information, and moving the objective lens in a direction of the thickness of the disk until the focal point of the objective lens is focused on layer 1 when the present layer information is layer 0 and the target layer information is layer 1.

Abstract: There are provided a plurality of information recording surfaces to be reproduced on one side of an optical disc to be reproduced, and when accessing control of an optical pickup over a plurality of recording layers is performed, first, a beam focal point of the optical pickup is moved using a moving device to the recording layer on which target information is recorded to thereby perform switching processing of information recording layers during reproduction, after which accessing control of the optical pickup is performed using control processor similar to the access between the same recording layers, and with respect to the pausing operation, in a layer in which information is recorded from the inner circumference to the outer circumference, one track jumping is repeated toward the inner circumference, while in a layer in which information is recorded from the outer circumference to the inner circumference, one track jumping is repeated toward the outer circumference.

Abstract: A solar cell comprises at least a germanium (Ge) substrate, buffer layers formed on the germanium substrate, a first InxGa1-xAs layer of first conductivity type formed on the buffer layers, and a second InxGa1-xAs layer of second conductivity type formed on the first InxGa1-xAs layer to form pn junction. Because the composition x of In contained in the first InxGa1-xAs layer and the second InxGa1-xAs layer is in a range of 0.005≦x≦0.015, the inexpensive and high conversion efficiency solar cell can be achieved.

Abstract: There are provided a plurality of information recording surfaces to be reproduced on one side of an optical disc to be reproduced, and when accessing control of an optical pickup over a plurality of recording layers is performed, first, a beam focal point of the optical pickup is moved using a moving device to the recording layer on which target information is recorded to thereby perform switching processing of information recording layers during reproduction, after which accessing control of the optical pickup is performed using control processing circuit similar to the access between the same recording layers, and with respect to the pausing operation, in a layer in which information is recorded from the inner circumference to the outer circumference, one track jumping is repeated toward the inner circumference, while in a layer in which information is recorded from the outer circumference to the inner circumference, one track jumping is repeated toward the outer circumference.

Abstract: An automatic immunoassay method and apparatus which not only permit automatic operations of supplying and discarding reaction tubes, washing for B/F separation, dispensation of reagents, and measurement, but also permit the reaction time to be varied arbitrarily and can cope with any of the assay techniques including one-step and two-step noncompetitive sandwich techniques and competitive techniques.

Abstract: There are provided a plurality of information recording surfaces to be reproduced on one side of an optical disc to be reproduced, and when accessing control of an optical pickup over a plurality of recording layers is performed, first, a beam focal point of the optical pickup is moved using a moving means to the recording layer on which target information is recorded to thereby perform switching processing of information recording layers during reproduction, after which accessing control of the optical pickup is performed using control processing means similar to the access between the same recording layers, and with respect to the pausing operation, in a layer in which information is recorded from the inner circumference to the outer circumference, one track jumping is repeated toward the inner circumference, while in a layer in which information is recorded from the outer circumference to the inner circumference, one track jumping is repeated toward the outer circumference.

Abstract: A zoom lens is provided between the sample and the slit of a spectrophotometer to change the size of the image of the sample on the slit plane. The picture of the sample is taken by the zoom lens and is shown on a display screen, on which a window is superimposed. When the operator changes the location of the window, the sample is moved accordingly, and when the operator changes the size of the window, the focal length of the zoom lens is changed, whereby the size of the measurement area is changed. By changing the size of the measurement area on the slit plane while the size of the elementary photo-sensors of a photo-detector is unchanged, the resolution of the two-dimensional spectrophotometry can be changed.

Abstract: A spectrophotometer for measuring a two-dimensional area or a spot area in a rather broad surface of a sample, where the spectrophotometer is provided with a camera for taking the picture of the sample surface. The picture is shown on a display screen, and the operator can move a window superimposed on the sample picture in the display screen by using a mouse or the like to a desired place on the sample surface. The sample stage on which the sample is mounted moves according to the movement of the mouse, whereby a spectrophotometric measurement of the desired place (two-dimensional area or the spot area) on the sample is facilitated.

Abstract: A substrate wafer for epitaxy of a compound semiconductor single crystal and an epitaxy using the substrate wafer are disclosed. Where the orientation off-angle from the <100> plane of an area available for device formation of a surface of the substrate wafer is .theta..degree., and the growth rate on an epitaxial layer on the substrate wafer is V .mu.m/hr, and the growth temperature of the epitaxial layer is T K, the orientation off-angle .theta..degree. is given by the following expression: ##EQU1## where 0.1.ltoreq.V.ltoreq.10 and 853.ltoreq.T.ltoreq.1023. The substrate wafer is capable of significantly reducing the number of teardrop-like hillock defects which appear on the surface of the epitaxial layer and of increasing the smoothness of the surface of the epitaxial layer.

Abstract: A passenger transport installation in which a large number of people can be efficiently transported between at least two vertically-spaced places. Stations communicate with a vertical elevator passage or passages along which vehicles can move upward and downward, and the vehicles stop at the stations to allow passagers to get on and off. While passengers get on and off the vehicles at the stations, other vehicles carrying other passengers can move upward and downwardly along the elevator passage or passages.

Abstract: A top fitted with a basin having good water drainage which is constructed by fixing the basin to the top made by laminating a decorative board on the top surface of a wood derived material, e.g. plywood, particle board etc. as a core material, so that a flange part of the basin is situated beneath the rear surface of the decorative board, and bonding and reinforcing with a synthetic resin, and a process for their production.By the present invention, the basin can be firmly fixed without any spaces, and therefore remarkably increases durability of kitchen fixtures.