Abstract: Polyamide substrates are dyed from aqueous baths with suitable dyes and with copper complexes of organic N-nitrosohydroxylamines as light stabilizers for the dyed polyamide.

Abstract: Navy and black dye mixtures contain one or more thiopheneazo dyes whose diazo component comes from the 2-aminothiophene series and whose coupling component comes from the aniline series and one or more dyes F whose absorption maximum is at a wavelength of from 390 to 520 nm, the proportion of the thiopheneazo dyes being from 60 to 99% by weight, based on the total weight of the thiopheneazo dyes and the dyes F in the mixture.

Abstract: Triphenylmethane dyes of the formula ##STR1## where each R.sup.1 is independently of the others hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, or two R.sup.1 radicals together with the nitrogen atom joining them form a heterocyclic radical,R.sup.2 and R.sup.5 is independently of the others hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl,R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is independently of the others hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy or halogen,An.sup..crclbar. is one equivalent of an anion, andn is 1 or 2,preparable from piperazine derivatives as intermediates, are useful for coloring paper.

Abstract: Cyclic N,N'-dimethylureas I ##STR1## where A is a 1,2- or 1,3-alkylene group of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, are prepared by reacting the corresponding non-methylated cyclic urea with formaldehyde and excess formic acid and then removing the formic acid still present in the reaction mixture, by a process in which the formic acid is subjected to a thermal decomposition reaction by means of a catalyst system consisting of a tertiary amine and a copper salt.

Abstract: N-hydroxypyrazoles of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be identical or different and are each hydrogen or halogen, are prepared by a process in which a pyrazole of the general formula II ##STR2## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the meanings stated for formula I, is reacted with an aliphatic or aromatic peroxocarboxylic acid, preferably in the presence of from 0 to 15 moles of an alkali metal hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxide, alkali meteal carbonate or alkaline earth metal carbonate in such a way that the reaction temperature is from -5.degree. C. to 60.degree.C.The reaction can be carried out in water as a solvent or in a 2-phase system consisting of water and an inert organic solvent which is poorly miscible with water, in the presence or absence of a suitable phase transfer catalyst. The peroxocarboxylic acid can be prepared in the reaction mixture before the reaction from H.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: Navy and black dye mixtures contain one or more thiophene-azo dyes of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, X and Y each have defined meanings, and one or more dyes F whose absorption maximum is at a wavelength of from 390 to 520 nm, the proportion of thiophene-azo dyes being from 60 to 99% by weight, based on the total weight of thiophene-azo dyes and dyes F in the mixture.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2-hydroxy-4-(2'-hydroxyethoxy)benzophenones, by reacting 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenones with ethylene carbonate in the presence of a quaternary ammonium salt catalyst at elevated temperatures, and isolating the finished product from the crude reaction mixture.

Abstract: Isoindoline metal complexes of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently of each other H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, X.sup..crclbar. is one equivalent of a colorless anion and Me is Zn.sup.2+, Ni.sup.2+, Co.sup.2+ or Cu.sup.2+, are suitable for pigmenting surface coatings, plastics and printing inks.

Abstract: A tetrachloroperylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide pigment which contains not less than 85% by weight of the tetrachloro compound of the formula ##STR1## which is present to the extent of not less than 95% by weight in the .beta.-modification and which, in an X-ray spectrum, exhibits 2.sup..crclbar. CuK.sub..alpha. main lines at 9.0.degree., 13.3.degree., 15.0.degree., 16.8.degree., 19.1.degree., 21.5.degree., 24.2.degree., 25.4.degree., 26.5.degree., 27.0.degree. and 27.5.degree..In finishes, the pigment gives very brilliant colorations which are very highly lightfast and fast to weathering and which, upon weathering, neither bleach nor darken up.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## where X is hydrogen, nitro or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or hetaryl, Y is cyano, nitro, alkanoyl, aroyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxyl, a carboxylic ester group or unsubstituted or substituted carbamyl, R is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl or aryl, R.sup.1 is hydrogen or R.sup.2, and R.sup.2 is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl, are useful for dyeing textile fibers, in particular polyesters.

Abstract: Sulfo-free compounds of the formula ##STR1## where R is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl andK.sup.1 and K.sup.2 independently of one another are a radical of a coupling component, and the rings A and B may furthermore be monosubstituted or polysubstituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, nitro, methyl, trifluoromethyl, ethyl, acetyl, benzoyl, a carboxylic ester group, unsubstituted or substituted carbamyl or sulfamyl, an aryl sulfonate group, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylsulfonyl, unsubstituted or substituted phenylsulfonyl, cyano or acylamino or a fused ring, are very useful as pigments for coloring printing inks, surface coatings or plastics.

Abstract: Tetrachloro-3-iminosisoindolin-1-one (I) or its alkali metal salt (Ia) is prepared by reacting tetrachloro-ortho-phthalodinitrile with lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide in substantially anhydrous tert-butanol and, if desired, liberating (I) from (Ia) by means of a dilute acid.

Abstract: The compounds of the formula I ##STR1## where R is unsubstituted or substituted phenyl or naphthyl, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl or cycloalkyl, and one of the radicals may furthermore be hydrogen, R.sup.3 is hydrogen, methyl, methoxy, ethoxy or chlorine, and R.sup.4 is acylamino, are particularly useful for dyeing polyesters.

Abstract: Isoindoline dyes of the general formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or benzyl and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently of one another are each hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, trifluoromethyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl or nitro, give pure brilliant deep yellow colorations with good lightfastness in surface coatings, printing inks and plastics.

Abstract: The compounds of the formula ##STR1## where Y is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine or nitro, Z is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, a sulfonic ester group or unsubstituted or substituted sulfamyl, X is --O-- or ##STR2## R is alkylene which may or may not be interrupted by oxygen or ##STR3## m is 0 or 1, p is 1 or 2, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another are each hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, or aryl, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together with the nitrogen form a heterocyclic structure, R.sup.3 is hydrogen or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 independently of one another are each hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkoxy or acylamino, K is a radical of a coupling component, A.crclbar. is an anion, R.sup.4 is unsubtituted or substituted alkyl and R.sup.5 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: N-.alpha.-alkoxyethylformamides of the formula ##STR1## where R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -alkyl, are prepared by reacting a vinyl ether of the formulaCH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--OR (II),where R has the meaning stated in the formula I, with formamide in the presence of an acidic or basic catalyst at from -10.degree. to 150.degree. C.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein K is a radical of a coupling component, R is a radical of a methylene-active compound, X is hydrogen or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, aryl, or hetaryl and Y is cyano, nitro, alkanoyl, aroyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxyl, a carboxylic ester group or unsubstituted or substituted carbamyl. The present compound is useful for the dyeing of polyesters, nylons, cellulose esters and blends of polyesters and cellulose fibers.

Abstract: 2-(hydroxymethyl)-acrylonitrile and 2-(hydroxymethyl)-acrylates of the formula ##STR1## where X is --CN or ##STR2## and R is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, are prepared by reacting acrylonitrile or an acrylate with hydrated formaldehyde or a hemiacetal of formaldehyde in the presence of a tertiary amine as a catalyst.

Abstract: 2-(1-Hydroxycarbalkoxymethyl)-acrylonitriles and 2-(1-hydroxycarbalkoxymethyl)-acrylates are prepared by a process in which an acrylonitrile or an acrylate is reacted with a glyoxylate in an aqueous medium at a pH greater than or equal to 6, in the presence of a tertiary amine as a catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to basic chromium aluminum sulfates which are soluble in cold water and are of the general formulaCr.sub.x Al.sub.2-x (OH).sub.2 y. (SO.sub.4).sub.3-y.n H.sub.2 Owhere x is from 0.1 to 1.9, y is from 0.01 to 2 and n is from 4 to 24, and a process for the preparation thereof. The process comprises reacting chromium (III)--containing waste sulfuric acid having a water content of 20-50% by weight with aluminum oxide and/or aluminum oxide hydroxide and/or aluminum hydroxide at a temperature of 100.degree. to 200.degree. C. The molten product is converted to droplet form and allowed to solidify in free fall.