Abstract: A system and method to control the allocation of processor (or state machine) execution resources to individual tasks executing in computer systems is described. By controlling the allocation of execution resources, to all tasks, each task may be provided with throughput and response time guarantees. This control is accomplished through workload metering shaping which delays the execution of tasks that have used their workload allocation until sufficient time has passed to accumulate credit for execution (accumulate credit over time to perform their allocated work) and workload prioritization which gives preference to tasks based on configured priorities.

Abstract: A color-tunable, reflective, paper-like display utilizes the unique optical properties of nano-engineered metal and metal-dielectric composite structures that exhibit a plasmon resonance. By changing the dielectric properties of a medium in which these structures are embedded, or by changing the spatial relationship of these structures, their optical absorbance and scattering spectra can be tuned. This enables simpler pixel architectures with better performance than is possible with fixed-color technologies. Low power video rate operation can be achieved in a paper-like display.

Abstract: A tagging system contains first taggants and second taggants. The taggants differ from each other so that the first taggants have a first emission spectrum and a first absorption edge and the second taggants have a second emission spectrum and a second absorption edge. In the tagging system, the first taggants are arranged to be within an interaction distance of the second taggants so that energy transfer between the first taggants and the second taggants causes an emission spectrum of the tagging system to differ from a sum of the first emission spectrum and the second emission spectrum.

Abstract: The present invention includes a data storage device and a method of reading data in a data storage device. Accordingly, a first aspect of the present invention is a data storage device. The data storage device includes a probe tip mounted on a suspension mechanism, a data storage layer, at least one conducting layer wherein a capacitance is formed between the suspension mechanism and the at least one conducting layer and a sensor for sensing a change in the capacitance based on a displacement of the probe tip due to the presence of a bit.

Abstract: Luminescent materials include a plurality of nanocrystals. At least some of the nanocrystals may be configured to emit electromagnetic radiation upon stimulation, and the plurality of nanocrystals may exhibit a multi-modal energy level distribution. The distribution of the nanocrystals may be selectively configured to enhance the luminescence efficiency of a fraction of the plurality of nanocrystals that exhibits one energy level mode of the multi-modal energy level distribution. Light-emitting diodes and electronic devices include such luminescent materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for separating one or more components of interest from a sample containing particulates and soluble materials. The method comprises the steps of: (a) filtering a sample through silica filter media whose surface silanol groups have reacted with one or more silanes, and (b) simultaneously capturing particulates and binding a soluble component to the silica filter media. The bound soluble component of interest is subsequently eluted from the silica filter media. In one embodiment of the invention, unwanted soluble materials are captured by the treated silica filter media and desired component of interest is recovered from the flow-through. In another embodiment, different components of interest are recovered from both the eluate and the flow-through. Preferred treated silica filter media are silane-treated rice hull ash or diatomaceous earth with functional quarternary ammonium group or functional sulphonate group.

Abstract: A method of forming an electrical interconnect, which includes a first electrode, an interlayer of a programmable material disposed over at least a portion of the first electrode, and a second electrode disposed over the programmable material at a non-zero angle relative to the first electrode. The interlayer includes a modified region having differing electrical properties than the rest of the interlayer, sandwiched at the junction of the first electrode and the second electrode. The interlayer may be exposed to a focused beam to form the modified region.

Abstract: A media storage device is provided. The device comprises different configurations of a luminescent layer comprising a luminescent material capable of emitting light while being bombarded by a beam from a beam transmitter, a detector for detecting the light emitted from the luminescent layer, and a phase-change layer located proximate the luminescent layer. The phase-change layer is able to transform from a first phase to a second phase. Light emitted from the luminescent layer and received by the detector materially differs when the phase-change layer transforms from the first phase to the second phase.

Abstract: A readout arrangement has a base which has a flexible member supporting a probe on a free end thereof so that the probe is movable with respect to the base; a medium in which a superficial data indicative topographical feature can be formed, the superficial data indicative topographical feature being configured to be contacted by the probe, the medium and the base being arranged to be movable relative to one another; and a semiconductor element disposed with one of the base and medium, the semiconductor element being configured to be responsive to an electric field generated in response to interaction between the probe and the superficial data indicative topographical feature.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reading data bits stored on a storage medium is provided. The apparatus comprises a data probe structure including a data probe and at least one switch attached to the data probe, a controllable voltage source configured to supply voltage to the data probe structure, and a charge amplification structure configured to receive charge from the data probe structure. The controllable voltage source applies a first voltage to the data probe structure and subsequently applies a second voltage to the data probe structure, thereby causing a sense capacitance to charge and then discharge into the charge amplification structure. Certain embodiments of the design may employ dummy cells, diodes in place of switches, and may use a single line to control voltage switching. A lock-in amplifier approach is also presented.

Abstract: An assembly for depositing material onto a substrate includes a reservoir containing the material. The reservoir also includes a nozzle through which the material is jetted and formed into droplets. The droplets travel through flight paths prior to deposition onto the substrate. The assembly includes a charging ring for inducing an electrical charge to one or more of the droplets and a plurality of deflection plates for controlling the flight paths of the droplets. In addition, the assembly also includes a droplet manipulating device configured to manipulate the droplets at least one of during the flight paths and after deposition of the droplets onto the substrate.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the present invention are directed at data storage devices capable of storing, reading and writing data to storage areas of nanometer dimensions. Certain embodiments are directed at devices wherein a fluid medium and particles are provided between a storage medium and an energy-emitting tip to channel energy from the tip to the storage medium. Certain embodiments are directed at devices wherein conductor molecules are attached to the surface of the storage medium and channel energy to the storage medium from an energy-emitting tip. Certain embodiments of the present invention are directed at methods of reading and writing to a storage medium by making use of intermediate particles and/or molecules to channel beams from a tip to a storage medium where data is stored.

Abstract: A method of forming a diode structure for a phase-change data storage array, having multiple thin film layers adapted to form a plurality of data storage cell diodes is disclosed. The method includes depositing a first diode layer of CuInSe material on a substrate and depositing a second diode layer of phase-change material on the first diode layer.

Abstract: A low energy charged particle detector having a diode with a first layer and a top layer physically coupled to the first layer. The intersection between the first layer and the top layer defines a junction. The top layer is composed of a two-dimensional material such as a chalcogen-based material, providing an electrically passivated exposed outer surface opposite to the junction. The outer surface is exposed to receive low-energy charged particles from external sources. An appropriate control circuit is coupled to the diode, and operable to recognize the incidence of a particle upon the outer surface as a change in current or voltage potential.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method and apparatus for storing data. Accordingly, a first aspect of the present invention is a data storage device. The data storage device includes a conduction barrier, a probe tip mounted on a suspension mechanism, a voltage source coupled to the suspension mechanism for emitting a current of electrons through the conduction barrier, a sensing mechanism for sensing a magnitude of the emitted current wherein the magnitude of the current of electrons emitted through the conduction barrier is based on a distance between the probe tip and the sensing mechanism.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reading data bits stored on a storage medium is provided. The apparatus comprises a data probe structure including a data probe and at least one switch attached to the data probe, a controllable voltage source configured to supply voltage to the data probe structure, and a charge amplification structure configured to receive charge from the data probe structure. The controllable voltage source applies a first voltage to the data probe structure and subsequently applies a second voltage to the data probe structure, thereby causing a sense capacitance to charge and then discharge into the charge amplification structure. Certain embodiments of the design may employ dummy cells, diodes in place of switches, and may use a single line to control voltage switching. A lock-in amplifier approach is also presented.

Abstract: A data storage medium that includes several stacked layers. The stacked layers can be conducting, insulating, resistive, or capable of changing between two or more states or phases. Also, a data storage device that includes the data storage medium and an energy source that can form nanometer-scaled data bits in regions of the data storage medium. The data bits can include holes through some of the stacked layers or phase-changes in portions of the layers capable of changing between two or more states. Further, a method of using such a storage medium to store nanometer-scaled data bits.

Abstract: A data storage unit is disclosed. The data storage unit can comprise a data storage layer having a plurality of data storage areas. Each data storage area can be configured to carry at least one bit of data. An electron beam emitter can be configured to selectively direct a beam of electrons toward the data storage layer to enable one or more of the data storage areas to be read. The data storage layer can further be configured to filter the beam of electrons directed toward the data storage layer according to a state of the data storage area. The data storage unit further comprises a layer adjacent to the data storage layer (LASL) in which carriers are generated in response to the number of electrons reaching the LASL. A detection region can be in carrier communication with the LASL and configured to measure carrier transport in the detection region to determine the state of the storage area.

Abstract: A system for delivering material onto a substrate. The system includes a jetting system having a reservoir containing the material and the reservoir includes a nozzle through which the material is expelled from the reservoir. An arcuate section is positioned between the reservoir and the nozzle. The material is configured to travel from the reservoir, through the arcuate section, and through the nozzle. The system also includes a means for applying pressure on the material contained in the reservoir, wherein the material is expelled from the reservoir through application of pressure by the means for applying pressure to thereby create a column of the material from the nozzle. A means for producing pressure modulations is located proximate the nozzle and is configured to substantially regulate formation of droplets from the column of the material. In addition, the system includes a charging ring configured to induce an electrical charge to selective ones of the droplets as they pass through the charging ring.

Abstract: An ultra-high-density data storage device that includes at least one energy beam emitter and a data storage medium that itself includes an organic material. The organic material may include one or more Langmuir-Blodgett layers and may include a conductive polymer. Localized presence or absence of localized disorder in the Langmuir-Blodgett layers may be used to detect data bits formed in the data storage medium. The presence or absence of one-dimensional conductivity in the organic material may also be used to read data bits formed in the data storage medium.