Abstract: Antimicrobial mixtures containing specific antimicrobial diols, e.g. 1,2-dodecanediol, and specific aromatic alcohols, e.g. phenylethyl alcohol or hydrocinnamic alcohol, are provided. Such mixtures with a weight ratio of diol to aromatic alcohol of 9:1 to 1:9 have been found to exhibit a synergistic effect, i.e. a high antimicrobial activity which cannot be explained by an additive effect of the very low-activity components. Such mixtures are useful in the disinfection of hard surfaces, in the production of disinfectant cleaning preparations and in the preservation of water-based preparations of microbially degradable substances.

Abstract: A drive device has a housing and an internal combustion engine positioned in the housing. The engine has a crankshaft. A cable starter with a cable and a cable reel for receiving the cable is provided. The cable has a handle at its free end. A cable guide sleeve through which the cable is guided is provided. The crankshaft extends through the cable starter. A clutch with a clutch casing and a support for the cable starter are provided. The support is arranged between the housing and the clutch casing. The support has radially extending arms whereby one of the arms has a securing device for the cable guide sleeve. The securing device has a securing connection selected from the group consisting of a snap connection, a catch connection, and a clip connection.

Abstract: The invention relates to alkoxylated compounds prepared by reaction of epoxidized C.sub.10-22 carboxylic acid derivatives with C.sub.2-4 alkylene oxides in the presence of alkoxylation catalysts and mono- and/or polyhydric alcohols.

Abstract: A polyurethane friable sealing compound free of solvent and plasticizer having a shore A hardness of below 40 and consisting essentially of a polyol component and an isocyanate component. The polyol component is selected from modified triglycerides obtained by partial ring opening of epoxidized triglycerides of a fatty acid mixture containing olefinically unsaturated fatty acids and monohydric or polyhydric alcohols. The isocyanate component is selected from polyfunctional aromatic and aliphatic isocyanates, wherein the OH:NCO equivalent ratio is from 1:0.1 to 1:1.15.

Abstract: The invention describes the use of water-insoluble esters with flash points above 80.degree. C., from monohydric alcohols of natural and/or synthetic origin with at least 4 carbon atoms, preferably at least 6 carbon atoms in the alcohol radicals, as the oil phase, or a constituent of the oil phase of invert drilling fluids which exist as W/O-emulsions, have a dispersed aqueous phase and ideally also have further usual additives in the continuous oil phase, which is fluid and pumpable in the temperature range of 0.degree. to 5.degree. C., and which are suitable for the environment-friendly development of, e.g., petroleum and natural gas deposits. Drilling fluids of the above type are also described which are characterized in that they contain as the continuous oil phase, or dissolved in ecologically-acceptable water-insoluble oils, an additive of at least largely water-insoluble ethers from monohydric alcohols, the oil phase in each case being fluid and pumpable in the temperature range of 0.degree. to 5.

Abstract: The process of producing alkoxylated thiodiglycol sulfoxide derivatives and thiodiglycol sulfone derivatives corresponding to formula I ##STR1## wherein X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 may be the same or different and represent a hydroxyl-substituted aklyl radical containing 8 to 30 carbon atoms, an acyl radical of an alkyl monocarboxylic acid containing 8 to 30 carbon atoms, and X.sub.1 or X.sub.2 may be hydrogen, R represents hydrogen or methyl, z is 1 or 2, n is 0 to 25 and m is 1 to 25, by reacting an alkoxylated thiodiglycol with a C.sub.8 14 C.sub.30 .alpha.-olefin expoide or a C.sub.8 -C.sub.30 monocarboxylic acid in a molar ratio of about 1:1 to about 1:2, and oxidizing the mono- and bis- ethers or mono- and bis- esters formed to the sulfoxide or sulfone derivatives.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of reaction mixtures containing polyester polyols which have been obtained by ring opening of epoxidized esters with carboxylic acids, as polyol component, optionally in admixture with polybutadiene diol, in the production of solid polyurethane materials by casting.

Abstract: Abstract of the Disclosure Stabilizer combination for Ca/Zn-stabilized PVC molding materials, containing (a) Ca salts of saturated, straight-chain C.sub.8 -C.sub.34 fatty acids, (b) Zn salts of saturated, straight-chain or branched C.sub.8 -C.sub.22 fatty acids, (c) epoxidized glycerides of unsaturated, straight-chain C.sub.16 -C.sub.22 fatty acids having an oxirane number of 6 to 8 and iodine number less than 5, and (d) ketofatty acid glycerides of general formula R.sup.1 COO--CH.sub.2 -(R.sup.2 COO)CH-CH.sub.2 -OCR.sub.3, in which the groups R.sup.1 COO--, R.sup.2 COO--, and R.sup.3 COO-- stand for residues of ketofatty acids with 16 to 22 carbon atoms and optionally residues of fatty acids with 12 to 22 carbon atoms, and 60 to 100 wt.% of the groups are derived from the ketofatty acids and 40 to 0 wt.

Abstract: A friable sealing compound of a polyol component containing polyfunctional isocyanates, the polyol component being a mixture of ricinene oil and a predominantly hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene having an average molecular weight of 1,500 to 4,500 and/or a ring opening product of an epoxidized vegetable oil with unsaturated or saturated short-chain linear or branched C.sub.6-22 fatty acids.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of ester polyols by conducting the ring opening of epoxidized esters and/or alcohols with carboxylic acids by the controlled addition of the epoxidized compounds to the carboxylic acids wherein the carboxylic acids are present in at least stoichiometric quantities based on epoxide groups, to minimize unreacted epoxide groups and produce ester polyols having relatively low viscosities compared to those produced by the one-pot prior art process.

Abstract: Ketone compounds are obtained by rearrangement of epoxides in the presence of iodide ions providing quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts, optionally in admixture with alkali metal or alkaline earth metal iodides, are used as the rearrangement catalysts.

Abstract: Alkoxylation products of at least one of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and butylene oxide and at least one C.sub.10-22 carboxylic acid mono-, di-, or tri-glyceride which is of natural origin or is obtained from natural origin wherein in the 9, 10 position, the 13, 14 position, or in both positions of the carboxylic acid the following unit is present ##STR1## in which R is a hydrogen atom, an OH group or an OR.sup.1 group,R.sup.1 is a C.sub.9-18 alkyl group, a C.sub.9-18 alkenyl group or a ##STR2## group, and R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-21 alkyl group or a C.sub.2-21 alkenyl group.The invention also relates to compositions containing the above alkoxylation products in place of alkoxylated castor oil normally present in the compositions, and to a process for preparing the alkoxylation products.

Abstract: According to the invention, wastepaper is refined in the presence of alkoxylation products obtainable by reaction of alkylene oxides with C.sub.10-22 carboxylic acid derivatives and/or C.sub.10-22 carboxylic acids containing carboxylic acid residues with at least one OH group in the 9, 10, 13 and/or 14 position and the detached printing ink particles are subsequently removed from the paper stock suspensions by flotation or washing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a closure for closing a vessel for holding liquid such as a fuel tank or the like. The closure includes a cylindrical, cup-shaped base body having an internal thread. The base wall of the base body has an inner wall surface on which a centrally aligned annular wall is formed. A flat sealing ring is arranged between the annular wall and the cylindrical wall. The sealing ring is arranged so as to have radial play with respect to the annular wall and a radially projecting insert is attached to the base wall of the base body. The insert has a side facing toward the base wall and includes a centering ring on this side which coacts with the annular wall to align the insert with respect to the base body. At least one attachment element is arranged within the centering ring and bridges the gap between the insert and the base wall. The insert is fixed to the base wall with the attachment element.

Abstract: Vicinally diacyloxy-substituted compounds of the formulae Ia, Ib, Ic and IdR.sup.1 [vic. (O--CO--R.sup.2).sub.2 ]--H (Ia)R.sup.3 [vic. (O--CO--R.sup.2).sub.2 ]--CO--OR.sup.4 (Ib)R.sup.3 [vic. (O--CO--R.sup.2).sub.2 ]--CO--OR.sup.5 [vic. (O--CO--R.sup.2).sub.2 ] (Ic)R.sup.6 --CO--OR.sup.5 [vic. (O--CO--R.sup.2).sub.2 ] (Id)in whichR.sup.1 is a trivalent saturated C.sub.6-22 hydrocarbon radical,R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-3 alkyl radical,R.sup.3 is a trivalent saturated C.sub.10-21 hydrocarbon radical,R.sup.4 is a C.sub.1-22 alkyl radical,R.sup.5 is a trivalent saturated C.sub.16-22 hydrocarbon radical, andR.sup.6 is a C.sub.1-21 alkyl radical,are prepared from the corresponding epoxidized compounds by reaction with C.sub.2-4 carboxylic anhydrides at elevated temperature in the presence of catalytic quantities of carboxylic acids corresponding to the anhydrides and/or catalytic quantities of sulfuric acid.

Abstract: In the transmission of audio signals, the audio signal is digitally represented by use of quadrature mirror filtering in the form a plurality of spectral sub-band signals. The quantizing of the sample values in the sub-bands, e.g. 24 sub-bands, is controlled to the extent that the quantizing noise levels of the individual sub-band signals are at approximately the same level difference from the masking threshold of the human auditory system resulting from the individual sub-band signals. The differences of the quantizing noise levels of the sub-band signals with respect to the resulting masking threshold are set by the difference between the total information flow required for coding and the total information flow available for coding. The available total information flow is set and may then fluctuate as a function of the signal.

Abstract: A process for the production of alkane polyols and especially alkane triols where mono- and/or poly-epoxidized fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters and mixtures thereof, especially derivates of natural fatty acids, are reacted with short-chain alkane-carboxylic acids such as formic or acetic acids; and the ester alcohols produced are hydrogenated on a hydrogenation catalyst such as those containing copper chromite at elevated temperature and pressure. The maximum possible number of alcohols groups per molecule can be formed in this way thus producing alkane triols, for example, which are useful in cosmetic formulations as well as in polyurethanes.