Abstract: Transcutaneous immunostimulation administers at least one adjuvant by transcutaneous immunization to a subject who has undergone, is undergoing, or will undergo conventional vaccination or another immune response. A subject is selected for treatment to stimulate the immune response to a conventional vaccine or other immuno-therapy. A suspicion, medical history, or determination by a physician or veterinarian that the subject may fail to respond or only poorly respond to conventional vaccination or other immunotherapy because of age, acquired or congenital immunodeficiency, immunosuppression caused by disease or ablative therapy, or the use of reduced amounts of antigen in the conventional vaccine can be used to select subjects in need of treatment.

Abstract: A vaccine delivered by transcutaneous immunization provides an effective treatment against infections by pathogens such as, for example, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and/or for symptoms of diarrheal disease caused thereby. For example, one, two, three, four, five or more antigens derived from ETEC and capable of inducing an antigen-specific immune response (e.g., toxins, colonization or virulence factors) and one or more optional adjuvant (e.g., whole bacterial ADP-ribosylating exotoxins, B subunits or toxoids thereof, detoxified mutants and derivatives thereof) are used to manufacture vaccines or to induce systemic and/or mucosal immunity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a semi-rigid gel article which contains an antibacterial agent and can be used for disinfecting and/or cleaning a surface. More particularly, the article comprises water, a gelling agent, an antibacterial agent and wherein the article is capable of disinfecting a surface by contacting the surface with the article, rupturing the article by application of pressure and spreading the article on the surface to deliver the antimicrobial agent. The article is suitable to disinfect and/or clean an inanimate or animate surface with or without water.

Abstract: A transcutaneous immunization system delivers antigen to immune cells through the skin, and induces an immune response in an animal or human. For example, skin-active adjuvant (e.g., an ADP-ribosylating exotoxin) can be used to induce an antigen-specific immune response (e.g., humoral and/or cellular effectors) after transcutaneous application of a dry formulation containing antigen and adjuvant to skin of the animal or human. The dry formulation may be a powder or a unit-dose patch. Use of adjuvant is not required if the antigen is sufficiently antigenic.

Abstract: This invention includes fusion proteins comprising a bacterial ADP-ribosylating exotoxin (bARE), or a variant or portion thereof, fused to a STa exotoxin, or a portion or variant thereof. Optionally, the exotoxins are fused via a peptide linker. The invention also includes compositions formulated for transcutaneous immunizations and/or induction of an immune response by epicutaneous administration comprising an effective amount of a fusion protein comprising a bacterial ADP-ribosylating exotoxin fused to a STa exotoxin. Optionally, the exotoxins are fused via a peptide linker.

Abstract: A transcutaneous immunization system where the topical application of an adjuvant and an antigen or nucleic acid encoding for an antigen, to intact skin induces a systemic or mucosol antibody response. The immune response so elicited can be enhanced by physical or chemical skin penetration enhancement.

Abstract: Water soluble latex compositions comprising cis 1,4 polyisoprene and a biopolymer are disclosed. The compositions may contain 0.1-10% cis 1,4 polyisoprene and are suitable for application wherein a biodegradeable water soluble product is desired.

Abstract: The present invention relates to starch foam microparticles having a porous structure, and which typically have a diameter of less than or equal to about 50 microns. The present invention also relates to novel uses for the starch foam microparticles in beekeeping and in the pharmaceutical, plastics and fragrance industries.

Abstract: A transcutaneous immunization system where the topical application of an adjuvant and an antigen or nucleic acid encoding for an antigen, to intact skin induces a systemic or mucosol antibody response. The immune response so elicited can be enhanced by physical or chemical skin penetration enhancement.

Abstract: A transcutaneous immunization system where the topical application of an adjuvant and an antigen or nucleic acid encoding for an antigen, to intact skin induces a systemic or mucosol antibody response. The immune response so elicited can be enhanced by physical or chemical skin penetration enhancement.

Abstract: A transcutaneous immunization system delivers antigen to immune cells without perforation of the skin, and induces an immune response in an animal or human. The system uses an adjuvant, preferably an ADP-ribosylating exotoxin, to induce an antigen-specific immune response (e.g., humoral and/or cellular effectors) after transcutaneous application of a formulation containing antigen and adjuvant to intact skin of the animal or human. The efficiency of immunization may be enhanced by adding hydrating agents (e.g., liposomes), penetration enhancers, or occlusive dressings to the transcutaneous delivery system. This system may allow activation of Langerhans cells in the skin, migration of the Langerhans cells to lymph nodes, and antigen presentation.

Abstract: Transcutaneous immunization can deliver antigen to the immune system through the stratum comeum without physical or chemical penetration to the der-mis layer of the skin. This delivery system induces an antigen-specific immune response. Use of skin- active adjuvants is preferred. Although perforation of intact skin is not required, super- ficial penetration or micropenetration of the skin can act as an enhancer; similarly, hydration may enhance the immune response. This system can induce antigen-specificimmune effectors after epicutaneous application of a formulation containing one or more antigen and adjuvant. The formulation may initiate processes such as antigen uptake, processing, and presentation; Langerhans cell activation, migration from the skin to other immune organs, and differentiation to mature dendritic cells; contacting antigen with lymphocytes bearing cognate antigen receptors on the cell surface and their stimulation; and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A transcutaneous immunization system where the topical application of an adjuvant and an antigen or nucleic acid encoding for an antigen, to intact skin induces a ystemic or mucosol antibody response. The immune response so elicited can be enhanced by physical or chemical skin penetration enhancement.

Abstract: Transcutaneous immunostimulation administers at least one adjuvant by transcutaneous immunization to a subject who has undergone, is undergoing, or will undergo conventional vaccination. A subject is selected for treatment to stimulate the immune response to a conventional vaccine.

Abstract: A vaccine delivered by transcutaneous immunization provides an effective treatment against infections by pathogens such as, for example, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and/or for symptoms of diarrheal disease caused thereby. For example, one, two, three, four, five or more antigens derived from ETEC and capable of inducing an antigen-specific immune response (e.g., toxins, colonization or virulence factors) and one or more optional adjuvant (e.g., whole bacterial ADP-ribosylating exotoxins, B subunits or toxoids thereof, detoxified mutants and derivatives thereof) are used to manufacture vaccines or to induce systemic and/or mucosal immunity.

Abstract: A protein-in-adhesive patch for transcutaneous immunization is described with at least four different components: (i) backing layer; (ii) pressure-sensitive adhesive adhering to the backing layer; (iii) at last one immunologically-active protein of an immunogenic formulation applied to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer opposite the backing layer and/or incorporated in the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer such that the at least one protein is in contact with adhesive; and (iv) stabilizer which maintains the immunological activity of the at least one protein under ambient conditions.

Abstract: Transcutaneous immunostimulation administers at least one adjuvant by transcutaneous immunization to a subject who has undergone, is undergoing, or will undergo conventional vaccination or another immune response. A subject is selected for treatment to stimulate the immune response to a conventional vaccine or other immunotherapy. A suspicion, medical history, or determination by a physician or veterinarian that the subject may fail to respond or only poorly respond to conventional vaccination or other immunotherapy because of age, acquired or congenital immunodeficiency, immunosuppression caused by disease or ablative therapy, or the use of reduced amounts of antigen in the conventional vaccine can be used to select subjects in need of treatment.

Abstract: Transcutaneous immunization system delivers antigen to immune cells through topical application, and induces an antigen-specific immune response in an animal or human. The improvement involve a system for marking the successful delivery of the immunization using indicators or using marking systems to allow better application of the patch to a prepared skin surface.

Abstract: A transcutaneous immunization system delivers antigen to immune cells through the skin, and induces an immune response in an animal or human. For example, a skin-active adjuvant (e.g., an ADP-ribosylating exotoxin) can be used to induce an antigen-specific immune response (e.g., humoral and/or cellular effectors) after transcutaneous application of a dry formulation containing antigen and adjuvant to skin of the animal or human. The dry formulation may be a powder or a unit-dose patch. Use of adjuvant is not required if the antigen is sufficiently antigenic. Transcutaneous immunization may be induced with or without penetration enhancement.

Abstract: A transcutaneous immunization system delivers antigen to immune cells without perforation of the skin, and induces an immune response in an animal or human. The system uses an adjuvant, preferably an ADP-ribosylating exotoxin, to induce an antigen-specific immune response (e.g., humoral and/or cellular effectors) after transcutaneous application of a formulation containing antigen and adjuvant to intact skin of the animal or human. The efficiency of immunization may be enhanced by adding hydrating agents (e.g., liposomes), penetration enhancers, or occlusive dressings to the transcutaneous delivery system. This system may allow activation of Langerhans cells in the skin, migration of the Langerhans cells to lymph nodes, and antigen presentation.