Abstract: Starch-based microcellular foams composed of a solid matrix with a network of small open cells or pores are described. The foams have high pore volume, low density, and high surface area, and are prepared using a process wherein an aqueous gel prepared from gelatinized starch is treated to exchange the water in the gel with air while maintaining the integrity of the network of open cells or pores. The starch-based microcellular foams are particularly useful for encapsulation and later release of a substance.

Abstract: A transdermal liposome system delivers antigen to immune cells without perforation of the skin, and induces an immune response in an animal or human. The system uses liposomes to deliver a variety of antigens which can elicit an antigen-specific immune response (e.g., humoral and/or cellular effectors) after topical application of a formulation containing liposomes and antigen to intact skin of the animal or human.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to concrete compositions prepared using firm aqueous gels (aquagels) as all or part of the aggregate in a concrete mix. The concrete sets around the aquagels in the initial set stage. Because the aquagels maintain the pore structure of the concrete while it sets, a concrete product can be obtained that has substantially uniform density regardless of depth. During the curing and/or drying stages, the moisture migrates out of the concrete and the aquagels, and the aquagels dry to a fraction of the size of the original aquagel in the cell or pore in the concrete. This results in cellular, lightweight concrete having reduced density, reduced weight, reduced thermal conductivity, and reduced sound transmission compared to concrete prepared without using aquagels.

Abstract: A sectioning method is described for accurately and objectively classifying individual wheat kernels as hard or soft wheat. A kernel is cut to obtain a section having a thickness in the range of about 1.3 to 4.8 microns; if the section remains intact, the kernel is classified as hard, and if the section does not remain intact, the kernel is classified as soft. The method finds particular use for detection of lots of wheat where hard and soft varieties have been intermixed and for classifying breeding selections.