Abstract: A process and apparatus for stripping a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising: heating the feedstock forming a vapor stream and a liquid stream, separating the vapor stream from the liquid stream and then stripping the liquid stream with a counter-current flow of a gas.

Abstract: Described is a process for separating sulfone from a hydrocarbon having a small concentration of said sulfone by use of water as an extraction solvent.

Abstract: A process for the production of ethers from a paraffin feedstock. The process includes a novel arrangement of dehydrogenation, isomerization, hydroisomerization, separation and etherification to provide a novel method for the production of ethers from a paraffin feedstock.

Abstract: A process for the production of ethers and alkylate from a paraffin feedstock. The process includes a novel arrangement of dehydrogenation, isomerization, separation, etherification and alkylation to provide such products.

Abstract: A process for processing a cracked feed stream so as to provide a feed stream, having a requisite concentration of isobutylene and butene-1, to a polymerization unit for polymerization of isobutylene.

Abstract: A process for processing a cracked feed stream so as to provide a feed stream, having a requisite concentration of isobutylene and butene-1,to a polymerization unit for polymerization of isobutylene.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for continuous production of disulfides by reacting at least one mercaptan and oxygen in the presence of a suitable catalyst selected from the group consisting of an alkaline earth metal oxide alone or in combination with an alkali metal oxide, on a refractory support, or a basic form of macroreticular polystyrene-divinyl benzene copolymer.

Abstract: The tubes in a tube bundle through which heat exchange medium flows transversely are supported by rods arranged at a substantial angle with respect to the direction of fluid flow. In a preferred embodiment, tube bundles supported by rods are positioned in a stirred vessel for heat exchange with the fluid in the stirred vessel. In a further preferred embodiment, the stirred vessel is a fermentor for the production of bacteria or yeast.

Abstract: Fermentation apparatus useful for conducting aerobic fermentations of microbial cells, particularly at high productivities, is disclosed.

Abstract: An indirect heat exchanger having interconnected tubes arranged to form a plurality of generally-parallel, elongated tube sections spaced from one another in a predetermined pitch pattern to form geometric void spaces between adjacent combinations of the tube sections in planes generally-perpendicular to the tube sections and separate baffle plates arranged in each of a plurality of spaced planes generally-perpendicular to the tube sections so that there is a void space on all sides of the baffle plates in each plane and arranged in different planes so that there is a void space in the planes in front of and behind each baffle. In a preferred configuration the tubes are arranged in concentric circles and the planes are spaced at a plurality of angular positions.

Abstract: Carbon black having a high diphenylguanidine (DPG) value and a low pH value is produced in a reactor by separating the combustion gases into a plurality of streams by means of a perforate partition. This partition has a tubular portion or a conical portion which is surrounded by a plurality of through apertures at the downstream end. The hot combustion gases contact the make-hydrocarbon downstream of the partition. The combustion gases are introduced into the reactor upstream of the partition in a generally tangential direction for vortex flow while the make-hydrocarbon is introduced generally axially into the reactor.

Abstract: An apparatus useful for foam breaking operations and particularly useful for fermentation processes is described having a foam breaking body wherein the foam breaking surfaces are created by a multitude of elements arranged in contact with each other and defining a multitude of paths for the foam and fluids there through. This body is arranged for rotation and the gas phase is withdrawn from said body at or near the rotational axis.

Abstract: Carbon black having a high diphenylguanidine (DPG) value and a low pH value is produced in a reactor by separating the combustion gases into a plurality of streams by means of a perforate partition. This partition has a tubular portion or a conical portion which is surrounded by a plurality of through apertures at the downstream end. The hot combustion gases contact the make-hydrocarbon downstream of the partition. The combustion gases are introduced into the reactor upstream of the partition in a generally tangential direction for vortex flow while the make-hydrocarbon is introduced generally axially into the reactor.

Abstract: A carbon black with a tint residual below -6 in a rubber composition causes the hysteresis or heat buildup of such a rubber composition to be significantly lower than that of a rubber composition incorporating a carbon black with a higher tint residual, while the abrasion resistance of such rubber compositions incorporating these different blacks remains essentially unchanged. Tint residual is the difference between the measured tint and the tint calculated from the structure, nitrogen surface area, and CTAB surface area in accordance with a specific formula disclosed.

Abstract: A carbon black pellet formed by the pelleting of flocculent carbon black. An outer portion of the pellet contains antioxidant to prevent oxidation of the pellet during drying. The antioxidant is contained in a shell having a thickness sufficient to prevent oxidation of the pellet instead of being distributed throughout the thickness of the pellet. The antioxidant can be admixed with additional carbon black and the admixture used to form the outer layer of a layered pellet or the antioxidant can be mixed with the pelleting liquid used to aid in pelleting the additional carbon black used to form an outer layer of a layered pellet.

Abstract: A carbon black with a tint residual below -6 in a rubber composition causes the hysteresis or heat buildup of such a rubber composition to be significantly lower than that of a rubber composition incorporating a carbon black with a higher tint residual, while the abrasion resistance of such rubber compositions incorporating these different blacks remains essentially unchanged. Tint residual is the difference between the measured tint and the tint calculated from the structure, nitrogen surface area, and CTAB surface area in accordance with a specific formula disclosed. Disclosed are carbon black reactor configurations capable of producing carbon black useful in compounding such a low-hysteresis rubber.

Abstract: A solution of an alkali metal inorganic salt in water, oil, and an emulsifier are agitated to form an emulsion. The water is removed from the emulsion which is then filtered. The filtrate is useful as an additive for controlling the structure of carbon black produced in the furnace process.

Abstract: A carbon black pellet formed by the pelleting of flocculent carbon black. An outer portion of the pellet contains antioxidant to prevent oxidation of the pellet during drying. The antioxidant is contained in a shell having a thickness sufficient to prevent oxidation of the pellet instead of being distributed throughout the thickness of the pellet. The antioxidant can be admixed with additional carbon black and the admixture used to form the outer layer of a layered pellet or the antioxidant can be mixed with the pelleting liquid used to aid in pelleting the additional carbon black used to form an outer layer of a layered pellet.

Abstract: A solution of an alkali metal inorganic salt in water, oil, and an emulsifier are agitated to form an emulsion. The water is removed from the emulsion which is then filtered. The filtrate is useful as an additive for controlling the structure of carbon black produced in the furnace process.

Abstract: A carbon black producing apparatus in which a quench fluid is introduced into a reaction zone for cooling hot smoke which contains solid carbon black particles which are produced by the pyrolysis of a carbon black make hydrocarbon by the heating of same with a combusted air/fuel mixture. The quench fluid is introduced into the reaction zone in a generally tangential direction and in a direction counterrotational to the direction of the vortex flow of the hot smoke flowing along the length of the reaction zone. The cooled smoke is passed to a heat exchanger for further cooling of the smoke after which the smoke is separated into an off-gas phase and a carbon black particle phase by filtering means. The carbon black can then be pelleted and dried for use.