Abstract: A process is presented for the removal of contaminants like sulfur compounds from hydrocarbons. The sulfur compounds are removed from hydrocarbons that may be a feed to cracking units. A feed stream is treated with a clinoptilolite or a barium exchanged zeolite adsorbent to effectively remove carbon disulfides from the feed hydrocarbon. The adsorbent may be regenerated by a hydrogen stream, a hydrocarbon stream or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: Process and apparatuses for purifying a feed stream containing CO2 and predominantly hydrogen are provided. In an embodiment, the process includes passing the feed stream through a multilayer adsorbent bed comprising a first adsorbent section, a second adsorbent section downstream from the first adsorbent section and a third adsorbent section downstream from the second adsorbent section. The first adsorbent section comprises an activated carbon layer, the second adsorbent section comprises a layer of molecular sieve of the faujasite structure type with a Si/Al atomic ratio of from 1.5 to 8.0 and the third adsorbent section comprises a layer of molecular sieve of the faujasite structure type with a Si/Al atomic ratio of from 1.0 to 1.5. At least one of N2, CO2, CH4 and CO is adsorbed from the feed stream and a purified hydrogen product is recovered from the multilayer adsorbent bed.

Abstract: A process is presented for the removal of contaminants like sulfur compounds from hydrocarbons. The sulfur compounds are removed from hydrocarbons that may be a feed to cracking units. A feed stream is treated with a clinoptilolite or a barium exchanged zeolite adsorbent to effectively remove carbon disulfides from the feed hydrocarbon. The adsorbent may be regenerated by a hydrogen stream, a hydrocarbon stream or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: A process is presented for the removal of contaminants like sulfur compounds from hydrocarbons. The sulfur compounds are removed from hydrocarbons that may be a feed to cracking units. A feed stream is treated with a clinoptilolite or a barium exchanged zeolite adsorbent to effectively remove carbon disulfides from the feed hydrocarbon. The adsorbent may be regenerated by a hydrogen stream, a hydrocarbon stream or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: Process and apparatuses for purifying a feed stream containing CO2 and predominantly hydrogen are provided. In an embodiment, the process includes passing the feed stream through a multilayer adsorbent bed comprising a first adsorbent section, a second adsorbent section downstream from the first adsorbent section and a third adsorbent section downstream from the second adsorbent section. The first adsorbent section comprises an activated carbon layer, the second adsorbent section comprises a layer of molecular sieve of the faujasite structure type with a Si/Al atomic ratio of from 1.5 to 8.0 and the third adsorbent section comprises a layer of molecular sieve of the faujasite structure type with a Si/Al atomic ratio of from 1.0 to 1.5. At least one of N2, CO2, CH4 and CO is adsorbed from the feed stream and a purified hydrogen product is recovered from the multilayer adsorbent bed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for removing and recovering mercury, an impurity, from a hydrocarbon feedstream containing oxygen, such as introduced during hydraulic fracturing. Mercury is selectively removed to very low levels of concentration from fluid streams such as natural gas, cracked gas, hydrogen or naphtha by passage of the stream through an adsorbent bed containing particles of a zeolitic molecular sieve preferably having pore diameters of at least 3.0 angstroms and in which the zeolite crystallites are formed into an aggregate (cylindrical or beads) which contain ionic or elemental silver. These adsorbent particles maintain their capacity for removal of mercury despite the presence of oxygen.

Abstract: A process is presented for the removal of contaminants like sulfur compounds from hydrocarbons. The sulfur compounds are removed from hydrocarbons that may be a feed to cracking units. A feed stream is treated with a clinoptilolite or a barium exchanged zeolite adsorbent to effectively remove carbon disulfides from the feed hydrocarbon. The adsorbent may be regenerated by a hydrogen stream, a hydrocarbon stream or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods and apparatuses for treating a hydrocarbon-containing feed stream are provided. The method comprises the steps of contacting the hydrocarbon-containing feed stream comprising C4, C5, C6, and/or C7 hydrocarbons, water, and contaminants with a Linde Type A molecular sieve at dehydration conditions effective to remove water and form a dehydrated feed stream. The contaminants comprise oxygenates, sulfur compounds, or combinations thereof. The dehydrated feed stream is contacted with a sodium faujisite molecular sieve having a silica/alumina molar ratio of from about 2 to about 2.5 at absorption conditions effective to remove the contaminants and form a dehydrated contaminant-depleted feed stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for removing and recovering mercury, an impurity, from a hydrocarbon feedstream containing oxygen, such as introduced during hydraulic fracturing. Mercury is selectively removed to very low levels of concentration from fluid streams such as natural gas, cracked gas, hydrogen or naphtha by passage of the stream through an adsorbent bed containing particles of a zeolitic molecular sieve preferably having pore diameters of at least 3.0 angstroms and in which the zeolite crystallites are formed into an aggregate (cylindrical or beads) which contain ionic or elemental silver. These adsorbent particles maintain their capacity for removal of mercury despite the presence of oxygen.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for reducing an aromatic concentration in a hydrocarbon stream are provided. In an embodiment, a method for reducing an aromatic concentration in a hydrocarbon stream includes saturating aromatics in the hydrocarbon stream to form a low aromatic hydrocarbon stream comprising no more than about 2 weight percent (wt %) aromatics. Further, the method includes passing the low aromatic hydrocarbon stream through an adsorption zone to remove aromatics therefrom to form an aromatic-depleted product stream comprising less than about 10 weight parts per million (wppm) aromatics.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for reducing an aromatic concentration in a hydrocarbon stream are provided. In an embodiment, a method for reducing an aromatic concentration in a hydrocarbon stream includes saturating aromatics in the hydrocarbon stream to form a low aromatic hydrocarbon stream comprising no more than about 2 weight percent (wt %) aromatics. Further, the method includes passing the low aromatic hydrocarbon stream through an adsorption zone to remove aromatics therefrom to form an aromatic-depleted product stream comprising less than about 10 weight parts per million (wppm) aromatics.

Abstract: Processes and apparatuses are provided for preparing liquified natural gas from a natural gas feed that comprises C5 to C7 hydrocarbons and C8 or greater hydrocarbons. An exemplary process includes effecting the preferential adsorption of the C8 or greater hydrocarbons from the natural gas feed over adsorption of hydrocarbons having less than 8 carbon atoms to provide a C8-depleted natural gas stream. The process continues with effecting the preferential adsorption of the C5 to C7 hydrocarbons from the C8-depleted natural gas stream over adsorption of hydrocarbons having less than 5 carbon atoms to form a C5 to C8-depleted natural gas stream. The C5 to C7 hydrocarbons are preferentially adsorbed with higher selectivity and capacity than adsorption of the C5 to C7 hydrocarbons during preferentially adsorbing the C8 or greater hydrocarbons. The C5 to C8-depleted natural gas stream is then liquified.

Abstract: Processes and apparatuses are provided for preparing liquified natural gas from a natural gas feed that comprises C5 to C7 hydrocarbons and C8 or greater hydrocarbons. An exemplary process includes effecting the preferential adsorption of the C8 or greater hydrocarbons from the natural gas feed over adsorption of hydrocarbons having less than 8 carbon atoms to provide a C8-depleted natural gas stream. The process continues with effecting the preferential adsorption of the C5 to C7 hydrocarbons from the C8-depleted natural gas stream over adsorption of hydrocarbons having less than 5 carbon atoms to form a C5 to C8-depleted natural gas stream. The C5 to C7 hydrocarbons are preferentially adsorbed with higher selectivity and capacity than adsorption of the C5 to C7 hydrocarbons during preferentially adsorbing the C8 or greater hydrocarbons. The C5 to C8-depleted natural gas stream is then liquified.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods and apparatuses for treating a hydrocarbon-containing feed stream are provided. The method comprises the steps of contacting the hydrocarbon-containing feed stream comprising C4, C5, C6, and/or C7 hydrocarbons, water, and contaminants with a Linde Type A molecular sieve at dehydration conditions effective to remove water and form a dehydrated feed stream. The contaminants comprise oxygenates, sulfur compounds, or combinations thereof. The dehydrated feed stream is contacted with a sodium faujasite molecular sieve having a silica/alumina molar ratio of from about 2 to about 2.5 at absorption conditions effective to remove the contaminants and form a dehydrated contaminant-depleted feed stream.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods and apparatuses for treating a hydrocarbon-containing feed stream are provided. The method comprises the steps of contacting the hydrocarbon-containing feed stream comprising C4, C5, C6, and/or C7 hydrocarbons, water, and contaminants with a Linde Type A molecular sieve at dehydration conditions effective to remove water and form a dehydrated feed stream. The contaminants comprise oxygenates, sulfur compounds, or combinations thereof. The dehydrated feed stream is contacted with a sodium faujisite molecular sieve having a silica/alumina molar ratio of from about 2 to about 2.5 at absorption conditions effective to remove the contaminants and form a dehydrated contaminant-depleted feed stream.

Abstract: A composite sorbent is formed which is the reaction product of a solid alkali metal carbonate, rehydratable alumina and water or an aqueous solution of a metal salt. The reaction between the components occurs while forming particulates followed by curing and activation at high temperatures. The alkali metal in the sorbent exhibits a highly reactive and accessible state that is very favorable for various sorption applications. The sorbent is especially useful for removal of HCl and other acid contaminants from gas and liquid hydrocarbon streams at high temperatures.

Abstract: By the present invention, a process is provided to use a modified clinoptilolite adsorbent suitable for the separation of carbon monoxide from hydrogen and hydrocarbon streams without adsorbing hydrocarbons such as paraffins and olefins. In typical applications in platforming units within refineries, these hydrogen streams contain from 5 to 20 parts per million of carbon monoxide. In other applications the level of carbon monoxide may be higher. The separation of carbon monoxide from the hydrogen stream is achieved by using a clinoptilolite molecular sieve that has been ion-exchanged with at least one cation selected from lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, and magnesium.

Abstract: A process for the purification of hydrogen based gas mixtures utilizing zeolite X wherein the particle size distribution of the zeolite X powder has a coefficient of variation from about 15% to about 30%.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a process for removal of mercury from a gas stream. It has been found that a metal oxide, preferably copper oxide adsorbent on an alumina substrate can be sulfided in situ while in service to remove mercury. In particular, a copper oxide adsorbent is used that adsorbs sulfur at the same time as it adsorbs mercury. It is actually the sulfur that actually chemisorbs the mercury. The rate of uptake of sulfur is dependent on the amount of sulfur in the feed to the bed. The sulfur content of the gas is typically 2 orders of magnitude that of the mercury, which provides more than enough sulfur to react and remove the mercury.

Abstract: A composite sorbent is formed which is the reaction product of a solid alkali metal carbonate, rehydratable alumina and water or an aqueous solution of a metal salt. The reaction between the components occurs while forming particulates followed by curing and activation at high temperatures. The alkali metal in the sorbent exhibits a highly reactive and accessible state that is very favorable for various sorption applications. The sorbent is especially useful for removal of HCl and other acid contaminants from gas and liquid hydrocarbon streams at high temperatures.