Abstract: A process for the purification of hydrogen based gas mixtures utilizing zeolite X wherein the particle size distribution of the zeolite X powder has a coefficient of variation from about 15% to about 30%.

Abstract: A process for removal of trace impurities of hydrides of arsenic, phosphorus, antimony, silicon, and boron and sulfur and oxygenates and compounds containing these impurities from a hydrocarbon stream comprising contacting the hydrocarbon stream with an adsorbent material selected from the group consisting of zeolites and promoted alumina to adsorb compounds containing sulfur and/or oxygenates, contacting the hydrocarbon stream with an adsorbent material comprising one or more active metal oxides to remove the hydrides and contacting the hydrocarbon stream with an adsorbent material that removes water.

Abstract: By the present invention, a process is provided to use a modified clinoptilolite adsorbent suitable for the separation of carbon monoxide from hydrogen and hydrocarbon streams without adsorbing hydrocarbons such as paraffins and olefins. In typical applications in platforming units within refineries, these hydrogen streams contain from 5 to 20 parts per million of carbon monoxide. In other applications the level of carbon monoxide may be higher. The separation of carbon monoxide from the hydrogen stream is achieved by using a clinoptilolite molecular sieve that has been ion-exchanged with at least one cation selected from lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, and magnesium.

Abstract: A process is provided for the removal of trace amounts of aromatic hydrocarbons from an acid waste gas feed stream comprising sulfur compounds and the aromatic hydrocarbons. An adsorption process employing an adsorbent such as a high silica zeolite adsorbent having a framework silica-to-alumina ratio greater than about 15 and having a pore size greater than about 6.2 angstroms is used to remove from the feed gas mixture aromatic hydrocarbon contaminants and permit the recovery of a high purity sulfur product from the treated effluent stream. The use of the present invention removes aromatic hydrocarbon contaminants which are responsible for the degeneration of the performance of the downstream sulfur recovery zone.

Abstract: A process is provided for the removal of trace amount of aromatic hydrocarbons from a waste feed gas stream comprising sulfur compounds and the aromatic hydrocarbons. An adsorption process employing an adsorbent such as a high silica zeolite adsorbent having a framework silica to alumina ratio greater than about 15 and having a pore size greater than about 6.2 Angstroms is used to remove from the feed gas mixture aromatic hydrocarbon contaminants and permit the recovery of a high purity sulfur product from the treated effluent stream. The adsorption zone comprises at least 2 adsorption beds wherein one of the first adsorption beds is operating in an adsorption mode and the other is being regenerated at a desorption pressure higher than the adsorption pressure. The regeneration is performed in a closed system or partially closed system, and prior to returning a regenerated adsorption zone to adsorption conditions the waste feed gas stream is used to cool and purge the regenerated zone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cyclic process for the preparation of ethyl tert.-alkyl ethers by the reaction of an alcohol, such as ethanol, with an iso-olefin such as isobutylene or isoamylene wherein an effluent from the reaction zone is first separated in a distillation column to provide an overhead effluent stream and a bottoms effluent stream comprising ethyl tert.-alkyl ether and unreacted ethanol, and the ether product is passed to an adsorption zone to remove the unreacted ethanol. When the reaction occurs in the presence of water, a tert. alcohol (e.g., TBA or TAA) is produced and, if returned to the reaction zone, the tertiary alcohol builds up in the process and reduces efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention is a cyclic process for the preparation of ethyl tert.-alkyl ethers by the reaction of an alcohol, ethanol, with an iso-olefin such as isobutylene or isoamylene wherein an effluent from the reaction zone is separated in a distillation column to provide an overhead effluent stream and a bottoms effluent stream comprising ethyl tert.-alkyl ether and unreacted ethanol. The unreacted ethanol is recovered in an adsorption zone comprising a selective adsorbent selected from the group consisting of zeolite 13X, sodium zeolite Y, alumina, silicalite and mixtures thereof. The invention is useful in recovering unreacted ethanol from the bottoms effluent stream and returning the unreacted ethanol to the reaction zone. The invention reduces the cost of this separation which is complicated by the formation of an azeotrope between the unreacted alcohol and the ether.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the separation of ethanol from a mixture thereof with ethyl tert.-alkyl ether employing a selective adsorbent comprising a mixture of sodium zeolite Y in combination with alumina wherein the percentage of the sodium zeolite Y ranges between 10 and 40 wt-%. The invention reduces the cost of this separation which is complicated by an azeotrope formation between the alcohol and the ether.

Abstract: The present invention is a cyclic process for the preparation of ethyl tert.-alkyl ethers by the reaction of an alcohol, ethanol, with an iso-olefin such as isobutylene or isoamylene wherein an effluent from the reaction zone is separated in a distillation column to provide an overhead effluent stream and a bottoms effluent stream comprising ethyl tert.-alkyl ether and unreacted ethanol. The unreacted ethanol is recovered in an adsorption zone comprising a selective adsorbent selected from the group consisting of zeolite 13X, sodium zeolite Y, alumina, silicalite and mixtures thereof. The invention is useful in recovering unreacted ethanol from the bottoms effluent stream and returning the unreacted ethanol to the reaction zone. The invention reduces the cost of this separation which is complicated by the formation of an azeotrope between the unreacted alcohol and the ether.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for improving catalyst performance and yields in the manufacture of motor gasoline components. More particularly the process is directed to the removal of H.sub.2 S, sulfur compounds, trace amounts of acetonitrile or acetone or propionitrile from a hydrocarbon feedstock, comprising a C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 product fraction from a fluid catalytic cracking unit which may be used subsequently in an etherification process for the production of ethers such as MTBE and TAME and/or an alkylation process for the production of alkylate. The hydrocarbon feedstock is passed to an amine treating zone, a mercaptan sulfur removal zone and an adsorption zone for the removal of sulfur compounds, water and trace amounts of acetonitrile or acetone or propionitrile. The regeneration of the adsorption zone includes the contacting of the sorbent with a heated regenerant vapor stream. The spent regenerant vapor stream is condensed to provide a hydrocarbon phase and an aqueous phase.

Abstract: The light alcohol component of exhaust gases from such commercial operations as paint spraying booths and printing presses is found to be selectively adsorbed, even under high relative humidity conditions, to a surprisingly high degree using bonded high-silica zeolite agglomerates which have been calcined only once to remove the organic templating agent present in the as-synthesized form of the zeolite. Under certain conditions of alcohol concentration and relative humidity, the capacity of the once-calcined zeolite for alcohol adsorption is nearly twice as great as the same zeolite which has been calcined more than once at temperatures high enough to decompose and remove the organic moieties.

Abstract: Ground water which contains heavy metal ions and toxic volatile organic compounds is purified by passing an air stream through it to purge out the organic compounds, adsorbing the displaced organic compounds on a molecular sieve and destroying them using a strong oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide. This procedure avoids having the heavy metal ions from the water collect on the molecular sieve which causes the destruction of the oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A process for the regeneration of oxygenate containing adsorbents uses regenerant streams such as LPG and isomerate products for the desorption of oxygenate compounds. The process discloses arrangements for the integration of regenerant treatment into the adsorption scheme and for the enhancement of the isomerate product. The integrated flowscheme can be used to remove sulfur and water from contaminated regenerants or to deliver the oxygenates into the gasoline pool.

Abstract: A process for the regeneration of oxygenate containing adsorbents uses regenerant streams such as LPG and isomerate products for the desorption of oxygenate compounds. The process discloses arrangements for the integration of regenerant treatment into the adsorption scheme and for the enhancement of the isomerate product. The integrated flowscheme can be used to remove sulfur and water from contaminated regenerants or to deliver the oxygenates into the gasoline pool.

Abstract: Clinoptilolites, including both natural and synthetic clinoptilolites which have been ion-exchanged with metal cations such as lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, barium, strontiun, zinc, copper, cobalt, iron and manganese, are useful for the removal of traces of ammonia from streams of hydrocarbons having kinetic diameters of not more than about 5 .ANG.. This invention relates to the process of producing the modified clinoptilolite adsorbent.

Abstract: Natural clinoptilolites which have been ion-exchanged with particular proportions of metal cations such as lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, barium, strontium, zinc, copper, cobalt, iron and manganese, are novel and useful for the removal of traces of carbon dioxide and water from streams of hydrocarbons having kinetic diameters of not more than about 5.

Abstract: Clinoptilolites, including both natural and synthetic clinopilolites which have been ion-exchanged with metal cations such as lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, barium, strontium, zinc, copper, cobalt, iron and manganese, are useful for the removal of traces of ammonia from streams of hydrocarbons having kinetic diameters of not more than about 5.ANG.. The purified hydrocarbons are useful for producing polyolefins.

Abstract: Clinoptilolites, including both natural clinoptilolites and those which have been ion-exchanged with metal cations such as lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, barium, strontium, zinc, copper, cobalt, iron and manganese, are useful for the removal of traces of carbon dioxide and water from streams of hydrocarbons having kinetic diameters of not more than about 5 .ANG..

Abstract: Carbon dioxide is selectively adsorbed and separated from non-acidic gases such as nitrogen, hydrogen and methane using a pressure swing adsorption process in a fixed adsorption bed containing a faujasite type of zeolitic aluminosilicate containing at least 20 equivalent percent of at least one cation species selected from the group consisting of zinc, rare earth, hydrogen and ammonium and containing not more than 80 equivalent percent of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal cations.