Abstract: A substrate surface cleaning liquid medium and a cleaning method using the cleaning liquid medium are capable of removing finely particulate contaminants more efficiently than conventional techniques from substrates for devices in the production of semiconductor devices, display devices, etc., which cleaning liquid medium contains the following ingredients (A), (B), (C), and (D), has a pH of 9 or higher, and a content of ingredient (C) of 0.

Abstract: A fixed length data processing apparatus has a data processing unit receiving at least fixed length data to perform a desired data processing on the fixed length data, and an operation state monitoring process unit performing a monitoring process to monitor an operation state of an asynchronous communication on the basis of the fixed length data received by said data processing unit, thereby detecting loss or misinsertion of fixed length data such as an ATM cell or the like and monitoring a flow state in a transmission system having a high transmission rate.

Abstract: There is provided a transmission device capable of efficiently synchronous multiplexing control for downsizing and reduction in power consumption. A count control part performs a channel management control on the basis of specific information on a cross-connect basis by commonly using a count control of channels of a high-bit-rate multiplexing unit signal and those of a low-bit-rate multiplexing unit signal. A head position detecting part detects a head position of path information based on a pointer value. A clock exchange memory part performs clock exchange with respect to valid path information indicated by the head position. A write counter generates a write count value, and a read counter generates a read count value. A pointer adding part adds a pointer to the valid path information read. A cross-connect circuit uses a two-plane memory, and cross-connects a signal with the pointer being replaced by memory reading based on memory switch information.

Abstract: There is disclosed a transmission device performing NUT setting and its establishment efficiently and precisely. A setting information relay unit relays setting information that places a specific channel out of a channel used for restoration. A channel establishment unit determines, by referring to the setting information, whether a channel of interest should be placed out of a channel for restoration and establish the channel. A route switch control unit recognizes a section in which the channel that is not used for restoration has been established and a fault bypass control condition at the time of occurrence of a fault and performs a route switching control based on a result of recognition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a transmitting apparatus for cross connecting and transmitting main signals which enter via ring-configured transmission lines to which working and protection channels have been assigned in first and second directions, and rescuing a main signal by looping back the main signal in the opposite direction using the protection channel when a transmission line fails. Non-rescue information storage means stores non-rescue information which indicates whether each channel that is the object of rescue by loop-back is a non-rescue channel. An unrescuable failure discrimination unit determines whether a failure for which rescue is impossible has occurred in each channel, which is the object of rescue, other than a non-rescue channel. On the basis of main-signal cross-connect information, discrimination-result insertion means interchanges a result of discrimination of each channel and inserts the interchanged result of discrimination in the main signal of the corresponding channel after cross connect.

Abstract: An ATM device includes an extractor which extracts a cell related to a performance monitor process for an ATM layer, a processing unit executing the performance monitor process, a memory which stores information concerning the performance monitor process, and a decision making unit which compares the information stored in the memory with cell information of the cell extracted by the extractor and which makes a decision as to whether the cell extracted by the extractor should be supplied to the process unit.

Abstract: A rubbing buff is wrapped around a roller so that an axial direction of short fibers on a rubbing cloth crosses diagonally with a roller rolling direction. The roller is placed so that a rotational shaft crosses diagonally with a moving direction of a substrate. Then orientation films formed on an upper and a lower substrates are rubbed by the roller in a first and second directions whereby an orientation direction is determined. As a result, quality display can be realized on an LCD.

Abstract: The present invention provides a light-modulation element comprising at least: liquid crystal droplets having a particle size between 0.6 &mgr;m-2 &mgr;m, which have light-modulating functions to scatter light rays or transmit light rays and polymer matrix having an interstructure thickness of 0.5 &mgr;m or less between the liquid crystal droplets. The light-modulation element works to scatter light rays or transmit light rays by turning on a voltage or turning off a voltage. The light-modulation element is produced by a polymerization process and a mixing step to separate out liquid crystal phases in a polymer matrix.

Abstract: An add drop multiplexing (ADM) apparatus has a simple and compact structure. The ADM apparatus has high-order interfaces connected to a high-order network, path setting units each for setting a path for a signal according to path data and inserting or dropping the signal to or from the high-order network, a first path protection switch for selecting one of the signals dropped by the path setting units, low-order interfaces each for receiving the selected signal and transmitting the same to a low-order network, and a second path protection switch for receiving low-order signals from the low-order interfaces and transferring one of them to the path setting units so that the path setting units may insert the signal into the high-order network.

Abstract: In a display panel, a first substrate is opposed to a second substrate and interposing a liquid crystal/resin composite layer. If the display panel is a transmission type display, a film for absorbing light is formed on a black matrix and between pixel electrodes. If the display panel is a reflection type display, a film for absorbing light is formed between reflection electrodes. Further, a counterelectrode is made from a multi-layer film of dielectric films and a transparent electrically conductive film for preventing reflection. The film for absorbing light includes pigments which can absorb light modulated by the liquid crystal/resin composite layer. By using the display panel, a projection display system of high contrast and high brightness can be constructed.

Abstract: An OEM processing device for supporting operations, administration, and maintenance (OAM) in an ATM network, whose control circuit has a simplified configuration that avoids duplexity of common functions, thus realizing reduced size and less power consumption. A VPI/VCI extractor extracts VPI/VCI from each incoming ATM cell, while an alarm detector detects a physical layer alarm. An entry data memory stores a plurality of VPIs/VCIs that have been previously registered. When the extracted VPI/VCI is found in the registered VPIs/VCIs in the entry data memory, a VPI/VCI coincidence signal will be generated. When a physical layer alarm is detected by the alarm detector, all the relevant VPIs related to the detected alarm will be generated by using the same entry data memory. A VP-AIS cell generator then produces VP-AIS cells corresponding to the generated VPIs and inserts them into the current ATM cell stream.

Abstract: Disclosed are an image-forming material having a colored light-sensitive layer which may be divided into a colored layer and a light-sensitive layer on a transparent support, characterized in that a transparent support having an orientation angle in the range of -20.degree. to +20.degree. is selectively used, and a method for forming a transferred image using the same.

Abstract: An image-forming material comprises;a support; anda release layer, a sensitive coloring layer, an overcoat layer containing a release agent, remains on the sensitive coloring layer side when the protective film is peel away, and a protective film disposed successively in this order on the support.

Abstract: An add-drop multiplexer contains a partial drop unit and a partial add unit. The partial drop unit selects a number n of first signal(s) of n channel(s) among a number N of first signals of N channels, which are received from a first transmission line, and transmits the n first signal(s) of n channel(s) on at least one second transmission line, where N and n are integers satisfying N>n>0. The partial add unit receives n second signal(s) of n channel(s) from at least one third transmission line, and a number (N-n) of first signal(s) of (N-n) channel(s) among the N first signals of the N channels, which are not selected by the partial drop unit, and transmits on the first transmission line the n second signal(s) of n channel(s) and the (N-n) first signal(s) of (N-n) channel(s) as N third signals of N channels.

Abstract: Disclosed is a color image-formable material for forming and transferring a color image. The color image-formable material has a support, a cushion layer provided on the support and color light-sensitive layer containing a light-sensitive composition and a coloring agent provided on the cushion layer. It gives a transferred image by forming a color image portion by imagewise exposure and developing treatment and then transferring the color image portion alone to an image-receiving material. The cushion layer has a hardness of 40 to 85 and a thickness of 15 .mu.m to 100 .mu.m. A process for preparation of the color image-formable material is also disclosed.

Abstract: A liquid display panel having minute unit liquid crystal cells, liquid crystalline molecules present in a plane passing the thicknesswise middle points of the unit liquid crystal layer and parallel to the substrate oriented substantially uniformly in all directions and at least one polarization plate, the aforementioned liquid crystal is a nematic liquid crystal material having a positive permittivity anisotropy, so that a wide viewing angle liquid crystal display panel enables high contrast and uniform display of a liquid crystal panel without a rubbing treatment.

Abstract: A path protection switching device is provided for a SONET type transmitter-receiver for transmitting and receiving synchronous byte multiplex signals, wherein the scale of circuitry such as a path switch, alarm detecting sections and the like can be reduced. A path switch selects one of channel signals input thereto at identical timing, from time-division multiplex signals output from first and second TSAs while the multiplex signals remain multiplexed. In order for one of the channel signals to be selected while the signals remain multiplexed, the channel signals must be in phase; therefore, phase adjusting sections are provided to cope with the situation where the channel signals are out of phase.

Abstract: The present invention provides a light-modulation element comprising at least: liquid crystal droplets having a particle size between 0.6 .mu.m-2 .mu.m, which have light-modulating functions to scatter light rays or transmit light rays and polymer matrix having an interstructure thickness of 0.5 .mu.m or less between the liquid crystal droplets. The light-modulation element works to scatter light rays or transmit light rays by turning on a voltage or turning off a voltage. The light-modulation element is produced by a polymerization process and a mixing step to separate out liquid crystal phases in a polymer matrix.

Abstract: The setting and phase adjusting apparatus for synchronous multiplex communications is provided which adjusts phase differences of main signals caused between a plurality of synchronous multiplexing sections and a line setting section during line setting, in which to reduce the scale of circuitry of the line setting section in a transmission device for carrying out multiplexing and line setting on large-capacity signals, a plurality of pointer modifiers are arranged on a shelf on which the line setting section is arranged. The pointer modifiers connect the line setting section to the respective synchronous multiplexing sections. The pointer modifiers are supplied with multiplexed signals of respective signal series whose data head positions are shifted from one another. The head positions of these signals are synchronized with a timing signal from a timing generator by the pointer modifiers. Line switching is then effected by time switches and a space switch.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes: a pair of substrates held at a distance; a pair of electrodes formed on opposing inner faces of the substrates, respectively; alignment films formed on the opposing faces to cover the pair of electrodes, respectively, the alignment films having capability to align a liquid crystal in a horizontal orientation and capability to align the liquid crystal in a random orientation at a predetermined temperature or more; and a chiral nematic liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of alignment film, the chiral nematic liquid crystal layer having a plurality of microscopic domains, each of the microscopic domains having the liquid crystal molecules aligned uniformly in the vicinity of the alignment films, the liquid crystal molecules in different microscopic regions being arranged in different directions with respect to one another.