Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the double refractive phase difference of an orientation film formed on an electrode substrate is disclosed. The apparatus provided with a laser generating two linearly polarized beams having optical electric fields perpendicular to each other and to the direction of the propagation, beam splitter for splitting the light transmitted through the substrate into two, detectors for detecting a component of 45.degree. to the x-y plane included in one of the two splitted lights and a component in the x or y direction included in the other splitted light and calculation circuit for calculating the double refractive phase difference of an orientation film based on detected values of these two components. The rubbing conditions are controlled in accordance with the double refractive phase difference measured.

Abstract: This invention prevents a time-course deterioration of characteristics of a liquid crystal panel and dramatically increases the life of the panel by using a ferroelectric liquid crystal composition in which a proper amount of aliphatic amine or epoxy compound is added to a ferroelectric liquid crystal material.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device is disclosed wherein a pair of liquid crystal supporting plates each having a molecular alignment controlling film formed thereon through the Langmuir-Blodgett method singly orlaminatedly a monomolecular film having as a main component a polyamide compound having a long-chain alkyl substituent in its side chain and a property to overspread a surface of water to form a monomolecular film is oppositely held via a spacer which is adhered on the side on which the molecular alignment controlling film is formed, and a liquid crystal material is injected and held into the space produced between the films thus oppositely held to each other thereby to align the molecules of liquid crystal to the azimuth parallel to the dipping direction of the substrate. A liquid crystal device thus manufactured exhibits a uniform and indefective molecular alignment condition.

Abstract: A method of producing an optical recording medium according to the present invention includes the steps of forming a recording film on a transparent substrate, recording signals in the form of perforated pit rows on the recording film by a laser beam, and forming a reflection layer on the recording film on which the pit rows have been formed. The recording film is bleached after recording or the laser beam used for recording is selected to have a wavelength different from that of a laser beam used for reproducing so that the recording film is transparent to the laser beam used for reproducing.

Abstract: A signal recording disk having an adhesive resin layer formed on a recording layer. The adhesive resin layer contains at least an epoxy group-containing compound, thereby preventing the recording layer from being degraded for a long period of time.

Abstract: There is provided an optical disc of high reliability, with the recording film protected from deterioration. The optical disc of this invention is produced by forming a tellurium suboxide film or optomagnetic recording film on a substrate made by injection molding from a polycarbonate resin. The substrate is made from a polycarbonate resin containing a phosphite ester-based antioxidant in a specific low amount.

Abstract: A chip film capacitor laminated at both sides with vapor coated metal electrodes and heat resistant films of heat resistant resin dielectrics, the laminated body having at both sides common metal electrode element, which is characterized by providing no lead wire and being soldered directly onto a substrate.

Abstract: A film condenser formed of a solderable metal foil composed on one member 1 selected from the group consisting of copper, tin, and aluminum having a heat resistant plastic film 2 coated on one surface and a vapor-deposited metal film 3 on the surface of the heat resistant plastic film facing away from the metal foil. Two lead wires each having a part bent in the shape of a V or u with the open end facing laterally of the length of the wire and having a size to prevent solder in a molten state from flowing out of the bent part during soldering due to the surface tension of the molten solder are soldered to the other surface of the metal foil and to the surface of the metal film facing away from the plastic film.