Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from an object side: first to fifth lens units respectively having positive, negative, positive, positive, and positive or negative refractive powers. The first lens unit is configured not to move for zooming, and the second, third, and fourth lens units are configured to move during zooming to change an interval between adjacent lens units. An aperture stop is arranged between the second and third lens units. The second lens unit is positioned on the image side and the third lens unit is positioned on the object side at a telephoto end. Focal lengths of the zoom lens at a wide angle end and of the third and fourth lens units, lateral magnifications of a lens group consisting of the third and fourth lens units at the wide angle end and at the telephoto end are each appropriately set.

Abstract: Provided is a zoom lens including, in order from an object side to an image side, first to fourth lens units having positive, negative, positive, and positive refractive powers, respectively. In the zoom lens, during zooming, the first lens unit and the third lens unit do not move, and the second lens unit and the fourth lens unit move with loci different from each other, the first lens unit consists of, in order from the object side to the image side, a negative lens G11, a positive lens G12, and a positive lens G13, and an Abbe number ?1n of a material of the negative lens G11, an average value N1ave of refractive indices of materials of three lenses included in the first lens unit, a focal length f1 of the first lens unit, and a focal length f2 of the second lens unit are appropriately set.

Abstract: Provided is a zoom lens, comprising, in order from object side to image side: first positive, second negative and third positive lens units and a rear lens group including at least one lens unit, in which: at telephoto end as compared to wide angle end, an interval between first and second lens units is increased, and an interval between second and third lens units is reduced; an interval between adjacent lens units is changed during zooming; the first lens unit consists, in order from object side to image side, of a first positive lens sub-unit, and a second negative lens sub-unit over a widest air interval; and a focal length ft of zoom lens at telephoto end, a focal length f1a of first lens sub-unit, a lateral magnification ?1b of second lens sub-unit, and a lateral magnification ?2t of second lens unit at telephoto end are appropriately set.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from an object side: first to fifth lens units respectively having positive, negative, positive, positive, and positive or negative refractive powers. The first lens unit is configured not to move for zooming, and the second, third, and fourth lens units are configured to move during zooming to change an interval between adjacent lens units. An aperture stop is arranged between the second and third lens units. The second lens unit is positioned on the image side and the third lens unit is positioned on the object side at a telephoto end. Focal lengths of the zoom lens at a wide angle end and of the third and fourth lens units, lateral magnifications of a lens group consisting of the third and fourth lens units at the wide angle end and at the telephoto end are each appropriately set.

Abstract: One or more eyepiece lenses, one or more observation devices using an eyepiece lens and one or more imaging apparatuses using an eyepiece lens are provided herein. At least one embodiment of an eyepiece lens includes five or more lenses, including two or more resin lenses each having a lens surface of an aspheric shape, in which a glass lens is arranged closest to an observation side in the eyepiece lens, and a specific gravity of a material of all of the two or more resin lenses is appropriately set.

Abstract: Provided is a zoom lens, comprising, in order from an object side to an image side: first to fifth lens units having positive, negative, positive, positive, and negative refractive powers, respectively. During zooming, the first, third, and fifth lens units are immovable, and the second and fourth lens units are moved. The fifth lens unit includes a partial unit (L5n) having a negative refractive power, and a partial unit (L5p) having a positive refractive power. An entire lens length (TL), a focal length (ft) of an entire system at a telephoto end, a focal length (f2) of the second lens unit, a focal length (f4) of the fourth lens unit, and a focal length (f5n) of the partial unit (L5n) are set appropriately.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes: a first lens unit having a positive refractive power; a second lens unit having a negative refractive power; a third lens unit having a positive refractive power; a fourth lens unit having a positive refractive power; and a fifth lens unit having a positive refractive power or a negative refractive power, in which the first lens unit and the fifth lens unit do not move for zooming, and the second lens unit and the fourth lens unit move during zooming, in which each of the composition of the second lens unit, a focal length fw of the zoom lens at a wide angle end, a focal length f2 of the second lens unit, and a focal length of a positive lens, which is included in the second lens unit are suitably set.

Abstract: An image pickup lens includes, in order from an object side; a negative front lens unit; a stop; and a positive rear lens unit, wherein the front lens unit includes a negative front first lens, a negative front second lens, and a positive front third lens, in order from the object side, wherein the rear lens unit includes a positive rear first lens having at least one aspherical surface and a cemented lens made up of a positive rear second lens and a negative rear third lens, in order from the object side, and wherein an Abbe constant of a positive lens disposed on the most object side, an Abbe constant of a negative lens disposed on the most image side, a focal length of the front lens unit, and a focal length of the rear lens unit are appropriately set.

Abstract: Provided is a zoom lens, comprising, in order from an object side to an image side: first to fifth lens units having positive, negative, positive, positive, and negative refractive powers, respectively. During zooming, the first, third, and fifth lens units are immovable, and the second and fourth lens units are moved. The fifth lens unit includes a partial unit (L5n) having a negative refractive power, and a partial unit (L5p) having a positive refractive power. An entire lens length (TL), a focal length (ft) of an entire system at a telephoto end, a focal length (f2) of the second lens unit, a focal length (f4) of the fourth lens unit, and a focal length (f5n) of the partial unit (L5n) are set appropriately.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a positive first lens unit, a negative second lens unit, an aperture stop, a positive third lens unit, and a positive fourth lens unit. The third lens unit includes, in that order, a positive first lens sub-unit, and a negative second lens sub-unit. The second lens sub-unit is movable in a direction having a component perpendicular to an optical axis to change an image forming position in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis. A distance on the optical axis between the aperture stop and the third lens unit at a wide-angle end, a composite focal length of the first lens unit and the second lens unit at the wide-angle end, a focal length of the first lens sub-unit, and a focal length of the second lens sub-unit are appropriately set.

Abstract: An image pickup lens includes, in order from an object side; a negative front lens unit; a stop; and a positive rear lens unit, wherein the front lens unit includes a negative front first lens, a negative front second lens, and a positive front third lens, in order from the object side, wherein the rear lens unit includes a positive rear first lens having at least one aspherical surface and a cemented lens made up of a positive rear second lens and a negative rear third lens, in order from the object side, and wherein an Abbe constant of a positive lens disposed on the most object side, an Abbe constant of a negative lens disposed on the most image side, a focal length of the front lens unit, and a focal length of the rear lens unit are appropriately set.

Abstract: The optical filter includes a filter edge portion forming a boundary between a region through which a light flux is transmitted and a region through which the light flux is not transmitted. The filter edge portion has a concavo-convex shape whose edge outline is formed by a continuous curved line including convex portions and concave portions alternately arranged in a direction in which the boundary extends. The curved line includes part satisfying ?a?60°. ?a represents an angle formed by a tangent at an arbitrary point on the curved line between a top point of one convex portion and a bottom point of one concave portion adjacent to the one convex portion with a tangent at the top point of the one convex portion, the angle ?a becoming larger as the arbitrary point becomes farther from the top point.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a positive first lens unit, a negative second lens unit, an aperture stop, a positive third lens unit, and a positive fourth lens unit. The third lens unit includes, in that order, a positive first lens sub-unit, and a negative second lens sub-unit. The second lens sub-unit is movable in a direction having a component perpendicular to an optical axis to change an image forming position in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis. A distance on the optical axis between the aperture stop and the third lens unit at a wide-angle end, a composite focal length of the first lens unit and the second lens unit at the wide-angle end, a focal length of the first lens sub-unit, and a focal length of the second lens sub-unit are appropriately set.

Abstract: A light quantity adjustment device includes: an aperture mechanism that varies an aperture opening through drive of aperture blades to restrict a quantity of light that passes through the aperture opening; and an ND filter inserted in and removed from an optical path on a light incident side or a light exit side of the aperture opening. The ND filter has a distribution of transmittance in which the transmittance differs in a direction of interposition of the ND filter in the optical path of the aperture opening, and includes a recessed portion formed by recessing a center portion of a distal-end region of the ND filter on a side of interposition in the optical path of the aperture opening in a direction opposite the direction of interposition.

Abstract: A light quantity adjustment device includes: an aperture mechanism that varies an aperture opening through drive of aperture blades to restrict a quantity of light that passes through the aperture opening; and an ND filter inserted in and removed from an optical path on a light incident side or a light exit side of the aperture opening. The ND filter has a distribution of transmittance in which the transmittance differs in a direction of interposition of the ND filter in the optical path of the aperture opening, and includes a recessed portion formed by recessing a center portion of a distal-end region of the ND filter on a side of interposition in the optical path of the aperture opening in a direction opposite the direction of interposition.

Abstract: A semiconductor device for driving a load includes a first semiconductor switching element interposed between a power supply terminal and a load, a second semiconductor switching element interposed between the load and a ground terminal, a high-side driver, a low-side driver, and a voltage regulator. The voltage regulator reduces a voltage applied to a control terminal of the second switching element, when a voltage of a load terminal of the second switching element is lower than a predetermined voltage. Then, a voltage applied between the load terminal and the ground terminal of the second switching element increases, and accordingly a voltage applied between the power supply terminal and the load terminal of the first switching element decreases.

Abstract: A photographic light-sensitive material having a support having a thickness of from 160 to 225 ?m is processed with an automatic developing apparatus, in which at least one of rollers of a developing part, a fixing part and a rinsing rack part of the automatic developing apparatus has a surface mainly containing a nonpolar polymer substance and having a center line surface roughness (Ra) of 20 ?m or less. By using the automatic developing apparatus, dusts generated in the apparatus can be easily removed with a cleaning film.

Abstract: The semiconductor output circuit of the invention has an insulated gate transistor including a first terminal, a second terminal and a gate terminal, a conductive state of the insulated gate transistor being controlled by a drive circuit connected to the gate terminal, a capacitive element and a first resistor connected in series between the second terminal and the gate terminal, and a second resistor connected between the gate terminal and the first terminal. The insulated gate transistor has a cell area formed on a semiconductor substrate, in which a plurality of unit cells each defining a unit transistor connected between the first and second terminals are laid out. The second resistor has such a resistance that all of the unit transistors defined by the unit cells are turned on uniformly when electrostatic discharge is applied to the first or second terminal.

Abstract: A semiconductor device for driving a load includes a first semiconductor switching element interposed between a power supply terminal and a load, a second semiconductor switching element interposed between the load and a ground terminal, a high-side driver, a low-side driver, and a voltage regulator. The voltage regulator reduces a voltage applied to a control terminal of the second switching element, when a voltage of a load terminal of the second switching element is lower than a predetermined voltage. Then, a voltage applied between the load terminal and the ground terminal of the second switching element increases, and accordingly a voltage applied between the power supply terminal and the load terminal of the first switching element decreases.

Abstract: In a circuit according to the present invention, a multi-collector transistor is provided which includes first to third collectors so that, when a current does not flow from the second collector, a current from the first collector increases but a current from the third collector does not vary. When transistors of the circuit turn off because the voltage of an input signal gets out of an in-phase input voltage range, the supply of the current from the second collector comes to a stop and, hence, the current from the first collector increases. In this situation, further transistors carry out their on/off operations, thereby fixing the output of the circuit to a low level. That is, this circuit can, irrespective of poor pair compatibility between the transistors, fix the output logical level to a desired level when the voltage of an input signal gets out of an in-phase input voltage range.