Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent element that suitable for food lighting and indoor lighting at room temperature. The emission spectrum of light emitted from the organic electroluminescent element according to the present invention has peaks in red, green, and blue regions, respectively. Of the proportions of the maximum to the minimum of the intensity of the peak in the red, green, and blue regions at an element temperature in a range of 5° C. to 60° C., the proportion of the maximum to the minimum of the intensity of the peak in the green region is the highest, and the intensity of the peak in the green region decreases with an increase in the element temperature.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to propose an organic electroluminescent element capable of realizing lighting with which a person feels comfortable irrespective of change in luminance of emitted light. The organic electroluminescent element according to the present invention is constituted by a plurality of layers stacked. The organic electroluminescent element has such characteristics that, in a range of 100 cd/m2 to 6000 cd/m2 inclusive, a color temperature of emitted light increases with an increase in luminance of the emitted light in a direction identical to a direction in which the plurality of layers are stacked.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent element suitable for both food lighting at a low temperature and indoor lighting at room temperature. The organic electroluminescent element according to the present invention has such characteristics that a maximum of a general color rendering index Ra in a range of an element temperature of 5° C. to 60° C. is present in a range of the element temperature of 15° C. to 35° C. and that at least one of maxima of special color rendering indexes R10, R11, R12, and R13 in the range of the element temperature of 5° C. to 60° C. is present in a range of the element temperature of 5° C. to 35° C.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an organic EL device includes a pixel electrode, an organic layer disposed above the pixel electrode, a counter-electrode disposed above the organic layer, and an oxide layer disposed between the pixel electrode and the organic layer, the oxide layer including a first region formed with a first film thickness over a first area and a second region formed with a second film thickness which is less than the first film thickness, over a second area which is less than the first area.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an organic EL device includes a substrate, a first translucent insulating film, a second translucent insulating film, a first electrode, a second electrode, and an emitting layer. The substrate has a first index of refraction. The first translucent insulating film is on the substrate, and the first insulating film has a second index of refraction higher than the first index of refraction. The second translucent insulating film is on the first insulating film, and the second insulating film has a third index of refraction lower than the second index of refraction. The first electrode is on the second insulating film, and the first electrode has a fourth index of refraction higher than the third index of refraction. The second electrode is facing the first electrode. The emitting layer is between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: A boost pressure control apparatus includes a turbocharger whose turbine is rotationally driven by exhaust of an internal combustion engine, and an EGR device, wherein EGR is performed at the time of supercharge, or the EGR amount is increased at the time of supercharge in comparison with when supercharge is not performed. If the internal EGR gas amount is increased by changing opening/closure timings of intake valves and/or exhaust valves via the EGR device, the energy of exhaust can be increased, so that the rotation speed of the turbocharger can be enhanced. Therefore, the responsiveness of boost pressure rise can be enhanced. Thus, a technology of more promptly raising the boost pressure is provided.

Abstract: An organic EL display includes an organic EL element including a pair of electrodes and an emitting layer interposed therebetween and having an optical resonator structure, and a coloring layer facing the organic EL element. A wavelength ?res of a light component with the maximum intensity that the organic EL element emits in a normal direction is shorter than a wavelength at which the coloring layer exhibits the maximum transmittance.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an organic EL device includes a pixel electrode, an organic layer disposed above the pixel electrode, a counter-electrode disposed above the organic layer, and an oxide layer disposed between the pixel electrode and the organic layer, the oxide layer including a first region formed with a first film thickness over a first area and a second region formed with a second film thickness which is less than the first film thickness, over a second area which is less than the first area.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an organic EL display panel, the method includes: a step of forming a first electrode on a substrate; a step of forming an organic functional layer; and a step of forming a second electrode comprising a plurality of stripe-shape electrodes, wherein the step of forming the second electrode includes: a step of pressing a sealing substrate, which has an insulating blade portion protruding toward this substrate, toward the substrate, so that the blade portion mechanically severs a conductive thin film deposited on the organic functional layer, thereby causing separation of adjacent stripe-shape electrodes among the plurality of stripe-shape electrodes, with the blade portion being enclosed therebetween; and a step of fixing the sealing substrate to the substrate.

Abstract: An organic EL display comprises an electrode layer including reflecting film; a counter electrode provided in front of said electrode layer; and an organic material layer including a light emitting layer provided between said electrode layer and said counter electrode; wherein said counter electrode includes a first conductive electrode and a second conductive electrode which is provided in front of said first conductive electrode, said first conductive electrode is made of silver (Ag) or an alloy of silver and magnesium (MgAg) whose principal element is silver (Ag), and said second conductive electrode is made of an alloy of silver and magnesium (MgAg) whose principal element is magnesium (Mg).

Abstract: An organic EL display device includes a first organic EL element which includes a first organic layer including a first light emission layer which emits the color of light in the first wavelength range and a hole blocking layer between a pixel electrode and a counter-electrode, a second organic EL element which includes a second organic layer including a second light emission layer which emits the color of light in the first wavelength range between a pixel electrode and the counter-electrode, the second organic EL element being thinner than the first organic EL element, and a third organic EL element which includes a third organic layer including the third light emission layer which emits the color of light in the first wavelength range between a pixel electrode and the counter-electrode, the third organic EL element being thicker than the first organic EL element.

Abstract: A control system for a supercharged internal combustion engine provided with a main exhaust passage (20) extending through a turbocharger turbine (21) and further through a catalyst (23, 24) to open to the outside air, an exhaust bypass passage (25) by passing the turbocharger turbine by branching from the main exhaust passage at the upstream side of the turbine and merging with the main exhaust passage before reaching the catalyst at the turbine downstream side, and an exhaust bypass valve (26) provided at the exhaust bypass passage, the control system for a supercharged internal combustion engine controlling the ignition timing in accordance with at least one of the engine warmup state and the catalyst warmup state until warmup of the internal combustion engine and warmup of the catalyst are completed and further controlling the opening degree of the exhaust bypass valve based on the control of the ignition timing, is provided.

Abstract: A display includes pixels each of which contains a light emitting element and which are arranged in a matrix form, a light transmitting insulating layer which includes a back surface facing the light emitting element and a front surface as a light output surface, a beam-condensing element which is arranged on a back side of the insulating layer and increases a directivity of light emitted by the light emitting element to make the light incident on the insulating layer, and a diffusing element which is arranged on a front side of the insulating layer, diffuses light from the insulating layer, and output the diffused light to an external environment.

Abstract: An optical device includes a first waveguide layer in which multiple-beam interference occurs, a second waveguide layer which includes a back surface facing the first waveguide layer and a front surface as a light output surface, and a diffraction grating which is arranged on a back side of the second waveguide layer and faces the first waveguide layer, wherein a grating constant of the diffraction grating is defined such that a first-order diffracted light emerges from the second waveguide layer, the first-order diffracted light being generated when a light component having a highest intensity of light which propagates in an in-plane direction while causing multiple reflection in the first waveguide layer enters the diffraction grating.

Abstract: An organic EL element includes an anode, a cathode disposed to be opposed to the anode, an organic active layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, and a carrier injection adjusting layer which is disposed between the anode and the organic active layer and exhibits such varistor characteristics that a conduction current due to an applied voltage varies.

Abstract: An organic EL display includes a substrate, and organic EL elements arranged on the substrate. Each organic EL element includes an anode, a cathode, an emitting layer made of an organic material and interposed therebetween, and a hole transporting layer made of an organic material and interposed between the emitting layer and the anode. The hole transporting layer includes a first layer and a second layer facing the substrate with the first layer interposed therebetween. The second layer is equal in compositions with the first layer and different in degrees of crystallinity from the first layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an organic EL element includes applying a reverse bias to an organic EL element with an inverse layered structure until a current density of the organic EL element at an impressed voltage of 10 V reaches 0.075 mA/cm2 or more.

Abstract: The disclosed is a protection film to be formed on a thin film device formed on a substrate, which is characterized by having a hydrogen content of not less than 30 at %. It is possible to provide a protection film of high reliability and with a thick film thickness as the protection film for the devices such as the organic EL device.

Abstract: A boost pressure control apparatus includes a turbocharger whose turbine is rotationally driven by exhaust of an internal combustion engine, and an EGR device, wherein EGR is performed at the time of supercharge, or the EGR amount is increased at the time of supercharge in comparison with when supercharge is not performed. If the internal EGR gas amount is increased by changing opening/closure timings of intake valves and/or exhaust valves via the EGR device, the energy of exhaust can be increased, so that the rotation speed of the turbocharger can be enhanced. Therefore, the responsiveness of boost pressure rise can be enhanced. Thus, a technology of more promptly raising the boost pressure is provided.

Abstract: An organic EL element includes a light-transmitting cathode, an emitting layer, and an anode facing the cathode with the emitting layer interposed therebetween and including a light-reflecting metal material layer and a carbon layer interposed between the metal material layer and the emitting layer.