Abstract: An organic EL display includes an insulating layer with light-transmission property, an organic EL element located on a back side of the insulating layer, a diffraction grating located on the back side of the insulating layer, and an optical film disposed on a front side of the insulating layer and including optically isotropic first portions and optically anisotropic second portions, the first and second portions forming boundaries inclined with respect to a main surface of the optical film.

Abstract: An optical device includes a first waveguide layer in which multiple-beam interference occurs, a second wavelength layer which includes a back surface facing the first waveguide layer and a front surface as a light output surface, and an outcoupling layer which is disposed on a back side of the second waveguide layer and faces the first wave guide layer, wherein the outcoupling layer includes a first portion as a layer with light transmission property and second portions which are dispersed in the first portion and differ in optical property from the first portion, and wherein an array of the second portions forms a triangular lattice.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display panel includes one or more organic electroluminescent elements and a substrate supporting them. Each organic electroluminescent element has first and second display electrodes and one or more organic functional layers of organic compounds sandwiched and layered between the first and second display electrodes, the organic functional layers including a light-emitting layer. Such display panel has a high-molecular compound film covering the organic electroluminescent elements and a surface of the substrate around the one or more organic electroluminescent elements; and an inorganic barrier film covering the high-molecular compound film, an edge thereof, and a surface of the substrate around the high-molecular compound film.

Abstract: A control system for a supercharged internal combustion engine provided with a main exhaust passage (20) extending through a turbocharger turbine (21) and further through a catalyst (23, 24) to open to the outside air, an exhaust bypass passage (25) by passing the turbocharger turbine by branching from the main exhaust passage at the upstream side of the turbine and merging with the main exhaust passage before reaching the catalyst at the turbine downstream side, and an exhaust bypass valve (26) provided at the exhaust bypass passage, the control system for a supercharged internal combustion engine controlling the ignition timing in accordance with at least one of the engine warmup state and the catalyst warmup state until warmup of the internal combustion engine and warmup of the catalyst are completed and further controlling the opening degree of the exhaust bypass valve based on the control of the ignition timing, is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic electroluminescent display device, comprising a light-transmitting insulating layer, an organic electroluminescent element including a back side electrode arranged on the back side of the light transmitting insulating layer, a light-transmitting front side electrode interposed between the light-transmitting insulating layer and the back side electrode, and an organic material layer interposed between the front side electrode and the back side electrode and containing a light-emitting layer, and a three-dimensional diffraction element of a two-layer structure arranged on the optical path guiding the light emitted from the light-emitting layer included in the organic material layer to reach the light-transmitting insulating layer, wherein the three-dimensional diffraction element has a cross-sectional structure of a specified dielectric modulation.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an organic electro luminescence panel by forming a first electrode layer on a substrate; then forming a second electrode layer on the substrate; then forming a passivation layer on the substrate to cover the organic material layer and the second electrode layer; and then radiating either electron beams or ultraviolet rays onto locations other than the previously mentioned light-emitting portion of the organic layer.

Abstract: A display includes a light-emitting element which includes a back electrode, a front electrode facing the back electrode, and an active layer interposed therebetween and including an emitting layer, and a light-scattering layer which is placed on a front side of the front electrode. The light-emitting element forms at least a portion of a microcavity structure. A forward-scattered light is greater in luminous energy than a back-scattered light when the light-scattering layer is irradiated with light from the microcavity structure.

Abstract: An organic EL display includes a substrate, and organic EL elements arranged on the substrate. Each organic EL element includes an anode, a cathode, an emitting layer made of an organic material and interposed therebetween, and a hole transporting layer made of an organic material and interposed between the emitting layer and the anode. The hole transporting layer includes a first layer and a second layer facing the substrate with the first layer interposed therebetween. The second layer is equal in compositions with the first layer and different in degrees of crystallinity from the first layer.

Abstract: A display includes an insulating substrate, a sealing member facing the insulating substrate, pixels interposed between the insulating substrate and the sealing member and each including a microcavity structure, wherein the microcavity structure includes a reflecting layer, a half mirror layer facing the reflecting layer, and a light source interposed between the reflecting layer and the half mirror layer, and a diffusion layer facing the half mirror layer.

Abstract: A reflective plate comprises a substrate, a plurality of protrusions each formed on the substrate and having a curved surface, and a reflective film formed on the substrate having the protrusions, wherein a planar shape of each of the protrusions is indefinite, and when a frame line of the planar shape of each of the protrusions is divided into fine line segments, the line segments are pointed in all directions or in predetermined directions. This improves reflective properties such as dispersion properties.

Abstract: A barrier thin film having a sufficient flexibility while providing the excellent barrier property without suffering from a pin hole or the like, and furthermore, without the risk of damaging the substance to be covered with the barrier is provided. The barrier thin film is provided as a single thin film while a property thereof is changed continuously from one side surface to the other side surface instead of having a homogeneous property.

Abstract: An organic EL display includes an organic EL element including a pair of electrodes and an emitting layer interposed therebetween and having an optical resonator structure, and a coloring layer facing the organic EL element. A wavelength ?res of a light component with the maximum intensity that the organic EL element emits in a normal direction is shorter than a wavelength at which the coloring layer exhibits the maximum transmittance.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence display panel has an enhanced shielding capability whereby degradation of light emission characteristics does not readily occur. This display panel includes one or more organic electroluminescence elements, and each organic electroluminescence element includes first and second display electrodes and one or more organic functional layers. The organic functional layer(s) is interposed between the first and second display electrodes. The organic functional layer includes an organic compound. The display panel also includes a substrate for supporting the organic electroluminescence element(s). The display panel further includes a high molecular compound film consisting of polyurea or polyimide that covers the organic electroluminescence element and the peripheral substrate surface. The display panel also includes an inorganic barrier film that covers the high molecular compound film, the edge face thereof, and the peripheral substrate surface.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display panel includes: one or more organic electroluminescent elements each having first and second display electrodes and one or more organic functional layers of organic compounds sandwiched and layered between the first and second display electrodes, the organic functional layers including a light-emitting layer; and a substrate supporting the organic electroluminescent elements. The display panel also includes: a first inorganic barrier film covering the organic electroluminescent elements and a surface of the substrate around the one or more organic electroluminescent elements; a first high-molecular compound film having an area larger than each of the organic electroluminescent elements so as to partially cover the first inorganic barrier film thereover; and a second inorganic barrier film covering the first high-molecular compound film and an edge thereof.

Abstract: Before starting the regular display in a liquid crystal display device of the bend alignment type, it is necessary to transition all the pixel regions in the entire display portion uniformly from splay alignment into bend alignment. However, conventionally, when applying a simple ac voltage, the transition sometimes does not take place, and when it does take place, the transition time is very long, and display defects due to alignment defects tend to occur. In the method for driving a liquid crystal display device with OCB cells according to the present invention, a step of applying between an electrode 22 and a pixel electrode 23 an ac voltage superimposed with a bias voltage, and a step of applying zero voltage or a low voltage to the substrates are repeated in alternation preceding the begin of the regular display operation and the regular display operation is carried out after all pixels have transitioned into bend alignment.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display panel includes: one or more organic electroluminescent elements each having first and second display electrodes and one or more organic functional layers of organic compounds sandwiched and layered between the first and second display electrodes, the organic functional layers including a light-emitting layer; and a substrate supporting the organic electroluminescent elements. The display panel also includes: a first inorganic barrier film covering the organic electroluminescent elements and a surface of the substrate around the one or more organic electroluminescent elements; a first high-molecular compound film having an area larger than each of the organic electroluminescent elements so as to partially cover the first inorganic barrier film thereover; and a second inorganic barrier film covering the first high-molecular compound film and an edge thereof.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an organic EL element includes applying a reverse bias to an organic EL element with an inverse layered structure until a current density of the organic EL element at an impressed voltage of 10 V reaches 0.075 mA/cm2 or more.

Abstract: A display includes pixels each of which contains a light emitting element and which are arranged in a matrix form, a light transmitting insulating layer which includes a back surface facing the light emitting element and a front surface as a light output surface, a beam-condensing element which is arranged on a back side of the insulating layer and increases a directivity of light emitted by the light emitting element to make the light incident on the insulating layer, and a diffusing element which is arranged on a front side of the insulating layer, diffuses light from the insulating layer, and output the diffused light to an external environment.

Abstract: An organic EL display includes an insulating layer with light-transmission property, an organic EL element located on a back side of the insulating layer, a diffraction grating located on the back side of the insulating layer, and an optical film disposed on a front side of the insulating layer and including optically isotropic first portions and optically anisotropic second portions, the first and second portions forming boundaries inclined with respect to a main surface of the optical film.

Abstract: An optical device includes a first waveguide layer in which multiple-beam interference occurs, a second waveguide layer which includes a back surface facing the first waveguide layer and a front surface as a light output surface, and a diffraction grating which is arranged on a back side of the second waveguide layer and faces the first waveguide layer, wherein a grating constant of the diffraction grating is defined such that a first-order diffracted light emerges from the second waveguide layer, the first-order diffracted light being generated when a light component having a highest intensity of light which propagates in an in-plane direction while causing multiple reflection in the first waveguide layer enters the diffraction grating.