Abstract: A phase-locked-loop device includes a clock generator for generating a reference clock based on a binarized playback signal and a frequency of run-length data and for generating N-phase clocks using the reference clock, a pulse-length measuring device for measuring a pulse length of the binarized playback signal using the N-phase clocks to output pulse-length data, and a run-length-data extracting device for counting the pulse-length data based on a virtual channel clock to extract run-length data. Pulse-length data is generated using the N-phase clocks (e.g., 16-phase clocks). The pulse-length data is counted based on the virtual channel clock to extract run-length data. Thus, it is not needed to generate a high-frequency clock, and the operating frequency is maintained sufficiently low.

Abstract: A rotor body according to the present invention comprises an annular laminated core of electromagnetic steel sheets defining therein a plurality of apertures in which permanent magnets are to be fixed, respectively, and a cylindrical core support to support the core, wherein the laminated core and the core support are joined to each other by brazing.

Abstract: A hollow inner rotor shaft is connected with an inner rotor of a motor/generator unit and extends toward a differential speed change unit to be operatively connected to the same. An outer rotor shaft is rotatably received in the hollow inner rotor shaft and extends to the differential speed change unit to be operatively connected to the same. The outer rotor shaft is connected to the outer rotor through a circular drive plate which is positioned at one axial end of the motor/generator unit that is opposite to the other axial end that faces the differential speed change unit. An outer rotor assembly which substantially consists of the outer rotor, the circular drive plate and the outer rotor shaft is rotatably supported in the housing by means of at least three supporting members.

Abstract: A differential speed change unit is installed in a housing at a position near an engine and arranged coaxial with a common axis, and a two-rotor type motor/generator unit is installed in the housing at a position away from the engine and arranged coaxial with the common axis. The motor/generator unit has inner and outer rotors and a wiring. An inner rotor shaft is connected with the inner rotor to rotate therewith. The inner rotor shaft extends coaxially with the common axis to be operatively connected to the differential speed change unit. An outer rotor shaft is connected with the outer rotor to rotate therewith. The outer rotor shaft extends coaxially with the common axis to be operatively connected to the differential speed change unit. The housing has a split section at which the housing is dividable into two housing parts, and the split section is positioned between the differential speed change unit and the motor/generator unit.

Abstract: A process of producing a semiconductor device having a highly reliable groove isolation structure with a desired radius of curvature formed at the groove upper edge and without formation of any step. The device is produced by reducing the stress generation around the groove upper edge of an element isolation groove on a semiconductor substrate, thereby optimizing the shape of an element isolation groove and making the device finer and improving the device electric characteristics.

Abstract: A semiconductor device having a highly reliable groove isolation structure with a desired radius of curvature formed at the groove upper edge and without formation of any step, there is produced by reducing the stress generation around the groove upper edge of an element isolation groove on a semiconductor substrate, thereby optimizing the shape of an element isolation groove and making the device finer and improving the device electric characteristics.

Abstract: An infinite Speed ratio continuously variable transmission comprises a power recirculation mode clutch (9) and direct mode clutch (10). At least one of the power recirculation mode clutch (9) and direct mode clutch (10) comprises an electromagnetic two-way clutch. The electromagnetic two-way clutch maintains the engaged state during excitation and can transmit drive force from both the drive side and non-drive side. On the other hand, when there is a change-over from the energized state to the non-energized state, a one-way clutch state is obtained wherein drive force is permitted only in the transmission direction of drive force in the instant of the change-over to non-excitation. When a drive force is input in the reverse direction to the drive force transmitted in the one-way clutch state, the one-way clutch state is disengaged, and the disengaged state of the clutch is maintained until subsequent re-excitation.

Abstract: An input torque limiting device for an infinitely variable transmission connected to an engine, wherein the transmission can vary a speed ratio up to infinity. In the input torque limiting device, the maximum torque which can be input is computed according to the output/input speed ratio which is an inverse of the speed ratio, without adversely affecting the durability and performance of the infinitely variable transmission, and the engine torque is controlled not to exceed the maximum torque. In this way, in the infinitely variable transmission, input of an excessive torque when the speed ratio is in the vicinity of infinity is prevented.

Abstract: In an infinite speed ratio transmission a fixed speed ratio transmission (130) outputting the rotation of a first shaft (310A, 310B) at a fixed speed ratio to a first gear (132) on a second shaft (320), and a continuously variable transmission (100) outputting the rotation of the first shaft (310A, 310B) at an arbitrary speed ratio to a second gear (142) fixed to the second shaft (320) are provided. Further, a planetary gear set (120) comprising a sun gear (120S), planet carrier (120C) and a ring gear (120R) is disposed between the first gear (132) and second gear (142), and a final output gear (3) is disposed between the planetary gear set (120) and second gear (142). The sun gear (120S) is joined to the second gear (142), the planet carrier (120C) is joined to the first gear (132) and the ring gear (120R) is joined to the final output gear (3). With this arrangement, the infinite speed ratio transmission can be made compact.

Abstract: A semiconductor device having a highly reliable groove isolation structure with a desired radius of curvature formed at the groove upper edge and without formation of any step, there is produced by reducing the stress generation around the groove upper edge of an element isolation groove on a semiconductor substrate, thereby optimizing the shape of an element isolation groove and making the device finer and improving the device electric characteristics.

Abstract: In an infinitely variable transmission (IVT) for use with a vehicle, an output gear (3B) of a fixed speed ratio transmission (3) is joined to a planet carrier (5B) of a planetary gear set (5), and a gear (4A) which outputs the rotation of a continuously variable transmission (2) is joined to a sun gear (5A) of the planetary gear set (5). A ring gear (5C) of the planetary gear set (5) is joined to an IVT output gear (7) via a final output shaft (6). The gears are made of helical gears, and the tooth trace directions of the gears are set so that when a torque for driving the vehicle forward is transmitted from the engine to the drive shaft (11), the thrust force acting on the IVT output gear (7) is opposite to the thrust force acting on the ring gear (5C).

Abstract: The present invention is characterized in that in a simulation for predicting a steam pressure setpoint after grade change, an initial moisture percentage is evaluated from differences between bone-dry basis weights and between machine speeds before and after grade change; the bone-dry coated weight of a size is evaluated from the flow rate and concentration thereof; and then the dryer inlet moisture percentage of a web after a size press is calculated from the coated weight. Thus, the invention intends to improve the quality of products through precise dryer control, as well as reduce the time required for grade change, by precisely predicting the web's initial moisture percentage at the dryer inlet after grade change and precisely and quickly controlling dryer steam pressure during grade change.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for performing message communication accurately at high rate even when the communication line is busy. When the communication line between the message transmitting side and the message receiving side connected with an ISDN network is busy, the call between the message transmitting side and the message receiving side is temporarily interrupted and then a message is transmitted automatically from the message transmitting side to the message receiving side by using call setting information where a transmission message is set in a subaddress.

Abstract: Bearings (5, 7) fixed to the two ends of a rotation shaft (2) of a motor/generator are pressurized by plate springs 15, 17. The plate springs (15, 17) absorb the deflection off the rotation shaft (2) due to external vibration by the extension and contraction. An effective gaps L is set to value at which the bearings (5, 7) do not collide with the housing (9) in the most compressed state of the plate springs (15, 17). By this setting, the effective gap L is set to a value larger than the maximum amplitude in the direction of the rotation shaft (2) due to the external vibration.

Abstract: In an infinitely variable transmission (IVT) for use with a vehicle, an output gear (3B) of a fixed speed ratio transmission (3) is joined to a planet carrier (5B) of a planetary gear set (5), and a gear (4A) which outputs the rotation of a continuously variable transmission (2) is joined to a sun gear (5A) of the planetary gear set (5). A ring gear (5C) of the planetary gear set (5) is joined to an IVT output gear (7) via a final output shaft (6). The gears are made of helical gears, and the tooth trace directions of the gears are set so that when a torque for driving the vehicle forward is transmitted from the engine to the drive shaft (11), the thrust force acting on the IVT output gear (7) is opposite to the thrust force acting on the ring gear (5C).

Abstract: An infinite speed ratio continuously variable transmission comprises a power recirculation mode clutch (9) and direct mode clutch (10). At least one of the power recirculation mode clutch (9) and direct mode clutch (10) comprises an electromagnetic two-way clutch. The electromagnetic two-way clutch maintains the engaged state during excitation and can transmit drive force from both the drive side and non-drive side. On the other hand, when there is a change-over from the energized state to the non-energized state, a one-way clutch state is obtained wherein drive force is permitted only in the transmission direction of drive force in the instant of the change-over to non-excitation. When a drive force is input in the reverse direction to the drive force transmitted in the one-way clutch state, the one-way clutch state is disengaged, and the disengaged state of the clutch is maintained until subsequent re-excitation.

Abstract: The present invention provides an input torque limiting device for an infinitely variable transmission 30 connected to an engine 50, wherein the transmission 30 can vary a speed ratio up to infinity. In the input torque limiting device, the maximum torque which can be input is computed according to the output/input speed ratio which is an inverse of the speed ratio, without adversely affecting the durability and performance of the infinitely variable transmission, and the engine torque is controlled not to exceed the maximum torque. In this way, in the infinitely variable transmission 30, input of an excessive torque when the speed ratio is in the vicinity of infinity is prevented.

Abstract: In an infinite speed ratio transmission a fixed speed ratio transmission (130) outputting the rotation of a first shaft (310A, 310B) at a fixed speed ratio to a first gear (132) on a second shaft (320), and a continuously variable transmission (100) outputting the rotation of the first shaft (310A, 310B) at an arbitrary speed ratio to a second gear (142) fixed to the second shaft (320) are provided. Further, a planetary gear set (120) comprising a sun gear (120S), planet carrier (120C) and a ring gear (120R) is disposed between the first gear (132) and second gear (142), and a final output gear (3) is disposed between the planetary gear set (120) and second gear (142). The sun gear (120S) is joined to the second gear (142), the planet carrier (120C) is joined to the first gear (132) and the ring gear (120R) is joined to the final output gear (3). With this arrangement, the infinite speed ratio transmission can be made compact.

Abstract: In an infinite speed ratio transmission device comprising a continuously variable transmission (2), fixed speed ratio transmission (3) and planetary gear set (5), a final output shaft (6) is provided to extract the rotation output of the planetary gear mechanism (5). The output gear (3B), a sprocket (4A) and transmission device output gear (7) are formed on a final output shaft (6). The output gear (3B) engages with an input gear (3A) of the fixed speed ratio transmission (3), and the device output gear (7) engages with the final gear (12). The output of the continuously variable transmission (2) is transmitted to the sprocket (4A) via a chain (40). Of the gear set of the input gear (3A) and output gear (3B) and the gear set of the device output gear (7) and final gear (12), one set comprises helical gears having helical tooth traces.

Abstract: A semiconductor device having a highly reliable groove isolation structure with a desired radius of curvature formed at the groove upper edge and without formation of any step, there is produced by reducing the stress generation around the groove upper edge of an element isolation groove on a semiconductor substrate, thereby optimizing the shape of an element isolation groove and making the device finer and improving the device electric characteristics.