Abstract: A signal processing unit that generates data signals for controlling gray-scale levels of electro-optical elements includes a first D/A conversion unit that generates gray-scale signals from gray-scale data for designating the gray-scale levels of the electro-optical elements; a storage unit that stores correction data indicating correction values with respect to the gray-scale signals; a second D/A conversion unit that has resolution different from that of the first D/A conversion unit, and that generates correction signals from the correction data stored in the storage unit; and a synthesizing unit that synthesizes the gray-scale signals generated by the first D/A conversion unit with the correction signals generated by the second D/A conversion unit to generate the data signals.

Abstract: A major object of the invention is to provide such a method for extracting slurry that is not inhibited in extraction of slurry by a released and accumulated matter or a solid matter sedimented and accumulated at the bottom of the vessel. The invention relates to a method for extracting slurry by extracting slurry from an agitation vessel having a bottom face and a side wall and housing the slurry, characterized in that the slurry is extracted from an open end of a slurry extraction tube provided at the side wall of the agitation vessel. More preferably, a normal line direction of a surface of the open end is in a direction of an angle with respect to a downstream direction of a flow of the slurry caused by agitation of 0° or more and less than 90°.

Abstract: A separator which includes a covering layer in which a fine framework of polyolefin resin is coated with a glass layer and an exposed layer in which the polyolefin resin is exposed is provided. A battery is provided having a cathode and an anode, an electrolyte, and a separator where the separator has the covering layer in which the fine framework of polyolefin resin is coated with the glass layer and a method for manufacturing a separator including the step of coating a fine framework of polyolefin resin with the glass layer by applying a precursor containing viscous liquid product which contains only polysilazane compound or a mixture of viscous liquid product which contains only polysilazane compound with polycarbosilazane compound to the polyolefin resin and placing the precursor applied polyoleline resin in a water bath to dry.

Abstract: A battery capable of ensuring storage characteristics and overcharge characteristics is provided. The battery comprising a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution. The cathode has a cathode current collector and a cathode active material layer provided on the cathode current collector. The cathode active material layer includes an aromatic compound having three or more benzene rings. The electrolytic solution includes at least one of an ester carbonate containing a halogen and an ester carbonate containing an unsaturated bond.

Abstract: A signal processing unit that generates data signals for controlling gray-scale levels of electro-optical elements includes a first D/A conversion unit that generates gray-scale signals from gray-scale data for designating the gray-scale levels of the electro-optical elements; a storage unit that stores correction data indicating correction values with respect to the gray-scale signals; a second D/A conversion unit that has resolution different from that of the first D/A conversion unit, and that generates correction signals from the correction data stored in the storage unit; and a synthesizing unit that synthesizes the gray-scale signals generated by the first D/A conversion unit with the correction signals generated by the second D/A conversion unit to generate the data signals.

Abstract: A multilayer interconnection structure includes a first interlayer insulation film, a second interlayer insulation film formed over the first interlayer insulation film, an interconnection trench formed in the first interlayer insulation film and having a sidewall surface and a bottom surface covered with a first barrier metal film, a via-hole formed in the second interlayer insulation film and having a sidewall surface and a bottom surface covered with a second barrier metal film, an interconnection pattern filling the interconnection trench, and a via-plug filling the via-hole, wherein the via-plug makes a contact with a surface of the interconnection pattern, the interconnection pattern has projections and depressions on the surface, the interconnection pattern containing therein oxygen atoms along a crystal grain boundary extending from the surface toward an interior of the interconnection pattern with a concentration higher than a concentration at the surface.

Abstract: An electrolytic solution capable of improving battery characteristics even at high temperature, and a battery using the electrolytic solution are provided. A separator is impregnated with an electrolytic solution. The electrolyic solution includes a cyclic imide salt such as 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane-1,3-disulfonimide lithium and a light metal salt such as difluoro[oxalato-O,O?] lithium borate or bis[oxalato-O,O?] lithium borate. Thereby, the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution can be prevented even at high temperature, and the battery characteristics can be improved.

Abstract: To provide a method for manufacturing an electro-optical device that is capable of controlling more smoothly brightness as compared with a control in every one frame and preventing large current from flowing when switching frames in a peak brightness control, a method of driving the same, and an electronic apparatus. A grayscale data average value operation unit 33 performs, for each line, an average value calculation of grayscale levels of images corresponding to images of an one-frame-length and outputs, based on average value for the one frame-length, mode signals M1 to M4 for brightness control in each line. A driver input data converter 34 rewrites, based on the mode signals M1 to M4 from the grayscale data average value operation unit 33, grayscale data HD for one line among grayscale data from a frame memory 31 into grayscale data DD. The driver input data converter 34 outputs grayscale data DD which is image data for the one frame-length and whose brightness is adjusted in a signal generating circuit.

Abstract: A first protective layer is formed on the surface of a photoelectric conversion substrate on which photoelectric transducers have been provided, and then, a scintillator layer is formed thereon, whereby degradation of the photoelectric transducers due to the contact with the scintillator layer is prevented. A second protective layer covering the surface of the scintillator is formed. A peripheral part of the first protective layer is allowed to be in close contact with a peripheral part of the second protective layer to seal the scintillator layer between the first protective layer and the second protective layer, whereby degradation of the scintillator layer due to the moisture in the atmospheric air is prevented.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a fermented milk, in which fermentation is accelerated without using a fermentation accelerator or the like and a novel fermented milk obtained by the production method having a hard texture that does not collapse during the distribution stage while having thickness and mildness which are not exhibited by conventional products.

Abstract: A major object of the invention is to provide such a method for extracting slurry that is not inhibited in extraction of slurry by a released and accumulated matter or a solid matter sedimented and accumulated at the bottom of the vessel. The invention relates to a method for extracting slurry by extracting slurry from an agitation vessel having a bottom face and a side wall and housing the slurry, characterized in that the slurry is extracted from an open end of a slurry extraction tube provided at the side wall of the agitation vessel. More preferably, a normal line direction of a surface of the open end is in a direction of an angle with respect to a downstream direction of a flow of the slurry caused by agitation of 0° or more and less than 90°.

Abstract: A data transfer control device and electronic equipment that make it possible to implement high-speed data transfer while observing restriction that prevent the traversing of page boundaries. A data transfer control device that conforms to the IEEE 1394 standard comprises a page table fetch circuit for fetching a page table from another node if a page table exists in a data buffer at the initiator, a page table creation circuit for creating a virtual page table if no page table exists, and an SBP-2 core for automatically dividing transfer data into a series of packets that do not traverse page boundaries based on the thus fetched or created page table and transmitting them. The page table creation circuit creates a page table in which a portion between a start address and a Kth page boundary is an X-type page table element, a portion between the Kth and Lth page boundaries is a Y-type page table element, and a portion between the Lth page boundary and an end address is a Z-type page table element.

Abstract: An anode active material with a high capacity capable of providing superior cycle characteristics and a battery using it are provided. An anode contains an anode active material capable of reacting with lithium. The anode active material contains at least tin, iron, and carbon as an element. The carbon content is from 11.9 wt % to 29.7 wt %, and the iron ratio to the total of tin and iron is from 26.4 wt % to 48.5 wt %. Thereby, while a high capacity is maintained, the cycle characteristics are improved.

Abstract: An electrolytic solution and a battery capable of improving cycle characteristics are provided. A separator is impregnated with an electrolytic solution. The electrolytic solution includes a cyclic carbonate derivative having a halogen atom such as 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolane-2-one or 4-chloro-1,3-dioxolane-2-one and a cyclic imide salt such as 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane-1,3-disulfonimide lithium. Thereby, the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution can be inhibited, and the cycle characteristics can be improved.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to provide a data transfer control device and electronic equipment that guarantee stable operation even if a reset that clears the node topology information occurs. When a CPU (firmware) of a data transfer control device in accordance with the IEEE 1394 standard issues a data transfer start (or resume) command during a bus reset period, the execution of that command is canceled. The fact that the command has been canceled is informed to the CPU by an interrupt. The command is canceled by using a signal that is active during the bus reset period to mask a signal that goes active when a command is issued. When a pause command is issued, the transfer processing pauses at a previously determined pause location. Transfer data is automatically divided into a series of packets to be transferred continuously by the hardware.

Abstract: A battery capable of improving cycle characteristics is provided. A spirally wound electrode body in which a cathode and an anode are wound with a separator in between is included. An electrolytic solution in which an electrolyte salt is dissolved in a solvent is impregnated in the separator. The electrolytic solution contains a cyclic ester carbonate derivative having halogen atom such as 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one and a light metal salt such as difluoro[oxolate-O,O?]lithium borate, tetrafluoro[oxolate-O,O?]lithium phosphate, and difluoro bis[oxolate-O,O?]lithium phosphate.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes a plurality of pixel circuits each including a light-emitting element and a driving transistor for driving the light-emitting element; data lines that are connected to the plurality of pixel circuits and that supply data signals representing light-emitting gray-scale levels to the pixel circuits; and a data line driving circuit that supplies the data signals to the pixel circuits through the data lines. In addition, the data line driving circuit applies to each pixel circuit in a predetermined sequence a forward frame period supplying a data signal having a forward bias voltage for making the light-emitting element emit light and a backward frame period supplying a data signal having a backward bias voltage for making the light-emitting element not emit light, and drives each of the pixel circuits.

Abstract: A signal processing unit that generates data signals for controlling gray-scale levels of electro-optical elements includes a first D/A conversion unit that generates gray-scale signals from gray-scale data for designating the gray-scale levels of the electro-optical elements; a storage unit that stores correction data indicating correction values with respect to the gray-scale signals; a second D/A conversion unit that has resolution different from that of the first D/A conversion unit, and that generates correction signals from the correction data stored in the storage unit; and a synthesizing unit that synthesizes the gray-scale signals generated by the first D/A conversion unit with the correction signals generated by the second D/A conversion unit to generate the data signals.

Abstract: A data line driving circuit connected to data lines includes a bit shift unit that outputs input digital data composed of a plurality of bits for defining the brightness of pixels or bit-shifts the plurality of bits to lower levels to output them, based on a control signal, and a supply unit that supplies the output digital data of the bit shift unit to a D/A conversion unit. The D/A conversion unit supplies gray-scale signals obtained by D/A converting the output digital data of the supply unit to the data lines.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing fermented milk by promoting fermentation without adding any fermentation-promoting substance, and to provide novel fermented milk with a thick and smooth mouth feel and a mild flavor which has not been obtained conventionally and additionally with a hard texture not degrading during distribution state, as obtained by the method. As a consequence of investigations, it is found out that fermentation efficiency can be promoted by reducing the dissolved oxygen in a mix of raw materials for fermented milk at the start of fermentation through substitution with inert gases.