Abstract: A scintillator includes a scintillator layer including a phosphor and an augmenting agent and has an optical reflectance A1 at a wavelength 440 nm and an optical reflectance B1 at a wavelength 520 nm, wherein when an optical reflectance at the wavelength 440 nm is defined as A2 and an optical reflectance at the wavelength 520 nm is defined as B2 after exposure to 2,000 R of radiation, ratios between the optical reflectances “A=A2/A1” and “B=B2/B1” before and after exposure to radiation satisfy “0.70?A/B?1.10”.

Abstract: A scintillator includes a scintillator layer including a phosphor and an augmenting agent and has an optical reflectance A1 at a wavelength 440 nm and an optical reflectance B1 at a wavelength 520 nm, wherein when an optical reflectance at the wavelength 440 nm is defined as A2 and an optical reflectance at the wavelength 520 nm is defined as B2 after exposure to 2,000R of radiation, ratios between the optical reflectances “A=A2/A1” and “B=B2/B1” before and after exposure to radiation satisfy “0.70?A/B?1.10”.

Abstract: The invention provides radiographic image detectors in which a scintillator layer itself exhibits improved flexibility and is prevented from crystal breakage while the scintillator layer and a photoelectric conversion element are bonded to each other via uniform thickness without forming defects. The radiographic image detector includes a substrate, a scintillator layer with a columnar crystal structure disposed on the substrate, an optical coupling layer and a photoelectric conversion element. The scintillator layer has a flexural elastic modulus Esc satisfying relationships represented by Expression (I) as measured by a cantilever test in which the scintillator layer disposed on the substrate is held in a cantilever condition and is bent under a uniformly distributed load with the columnar crystal structure side being bent outward: Esc??0.43M+372 and Esc??0.

Abstract: The invention provides radiographic image detectors in which a scintillator layer itself exhibits improved flexibility and is prevented from crystal breakage while the scintillator layer and a photoelectric conversion element are bonded to each other via uniform thickness without forming defects. The radiographic image detector includes a substrate, a scintillator layer with a columnar crystal structure disposed on the substrate, an optical coupling layer and a photoelectric conversion element. The scintillator layer has a flexural elastic modulus Esc satisfying relationships represented by Expression (I) as measured by a cantilever test in which the scintillator layer disposed on the substrate is held in a cantilever condition and is bent under a uniformly distributed load with the columnar crystal structure side being bent outward: Esc??0.43M+372 and Esc??0.

Abstract: A scintillator panel which is capable of obtaining a radiation image exhibiting enhanced luminance and sharpness and achieving improved storage stability is disclosed, comprising on a support a base layer and a phosphor layer provided sequentially in this order, wherein the phosphor layer comprises (columnar) phosphor crystals formed of a phosphor parent compound and an activator by a process of vapor phase deposition and the base layer comprises crystals formed of the phosphor parent compound and an activator, and a relative density of the base layer is lower than a relative density of the phosphor layer and a relative content of an activator of the base layer is lower than a relative content of an activator of the phosphor layer.

Abstract: Provided are a scintillator panel and a radiation detector which give a radiation image reduced in sensitivity unevenness and sharpness unevenness. Also provided are processes for producing the scintillator and the detector. The scintillator panel comprises a support and, deposited thereon, a phosphor layer comprising columnar crystals of a phosphor which have been formed by the vapor deposition method. The panel is characterized in that the columnar crystals of a phosphor comprise cesium iodide (CsI) as a base ingredient and thallium (Tl) as an activator ingredient and have, in a root part thereof, a layer containing no thallium, and that the coefficient of variation in thallium concentration in the plane of the phosphor layer is 40% or less.

Abstract: A scintillator panel which has achieved enhanced sharpness and sensitivity is disclosed, comprising on a first support a phosphor layer comprising phosphor columnar crystals formed by a process of vapor phase deposition and containing a parent component of cesium iodide (CsI) and an activator of thallium (Tl), and the phosphor layer comprising a first layer of a CsI layer which is in the bottom portion of the phosphor layer and does not contain any activator of thallium, and on the first layer, a second layer of a CsI—Tl layer which contains the activator of thallium and exhibits not more than 32% of a coefficient of variation of concentration of thallium in the direction of thickness.

Abstract: Disclosed are a radiation image conversion panel which has achieved a radiation image with enhanced sharpness and improved moisture resistance and shock resistance, and a production method thereof. The radiation image conversion panel comprises, on a support, a phosphor layer comprising phosphor columnar crystals, each composed mainly of cesium iodide (CsI) and formed by a process of gas phase deposition, wherein a coefficient of variation of crystal diameter of the phosphor columnar crystals is not more than 50% and a coefficient of variation of phosphor filling factor of the phosphor layer is not more than 20%.

Abstract: A scintillator panel which has achieved enhanced sharpness and sensitivity is disclosed, comprising on a first support a phosphor layer comprising phosphor columnar crystals formed by a process of vapor phase deposition and containing a parent component of cesium iodide (CsI) and an activator of thallium (Tl), and the phosphor layer comprising a first layer of a CsI layer which is in the bottom portion of the phosphor layer and does not contain any activator of thallium, and on the first layer, a second layer of a CsI—Tl layer which contains the activator of thallium and exhibits not more than 32% of a coefficient of variation of concentration of thallium in the direction of thickness.

Abstract: A scintillator panel which is capable of obtaining a radiation image exhibiting enhanced luminance and sharpness and achieving improved storage stability is disclosed, comprising on a support a base layer and a phosphor layer provided sequentially in this order, wherein the phosphor layer comprises (columnar) phosphor crystals formed of a phosphor parent compound and an activator by a process of vapor phase deposition and the base layer comprises crystals formed of the phosphor parent compound and an activator, and a relative density of the base layer is lower than a relative density of the phosphor layer and a relative content of an activator of the base layer is lower than a relative content of an activator of the phosphor layer.

Abstract: Provided are a scintillator panel and a radiation detector which give a radiation image reduced in sensitivity unevenness and sharpness unevenness. Also provided are processes for producing the scintillator and the detector. The scintillator panel comprises a support and, deposited thereon, a phosphor layer comprising columnar crystals of a phosphor which have been formed by the vapor deposition method. The panel is characterized in that the columnar crystals of a phosphor comprise cesium iodide (CsI) as a base ingredient and thallium (Tl) as an activator ingredient and have, in a root part thereof, a layer containing no thallium, and that the coefficient of variation in thallium concentration in the plane of the phosphor layer is 40% or less.

Abstract: Disclosed are a radiation image conversion panel which has achieved a radiation image with enhanced sharpness and improved moisture resistance and shock resistance, and a production method thereof. The radiation image conversion panel comprises, on a support, a phosphor layer comprising phosphor columnar crystals, each composed mainly of cesium iodide (CsI) and formed by a process of gas phase deposition, wherein a coefficient of variation of crystal diameter of the phosphor columnar crystals is not more than 50% and a coefficient of variation of phosphor filling factor of the phosphor layer is not more than 20%.

Abstract: A metallic salt of a fatty acid having the following formula is an excellent stabilizer for vinyl chloride resin: ##STR1## wherein two of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are alkyls respectively while the remaining one is alkyl or hydrogen, and the total number of carbon atoms of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is from 18 to 26.

Abstract: Full esters of polyols selected from pentaerythritol and polypentaerythritols are continuously produced by (i) continuously introducing a solution of the polyols in pyridine bases, olefins having at least 4 carbon atoms in an amount of at least 0.4 equivalent per 1.0 equivalent of the hydroxyl group in the polyols, a catalyst containing cobalt carbonyls and pyridine bases, and carbon monoxide, into a reaction zone from one end thereof in such an amount of the pyridine bases as is within the range of from 40 to 70% by weight based on the total amount of the pyridine bases, the polyols and the olefins; (ii) introducing an additional amount of the olefins into at least one middle portion of the reaction zone, and; (iii) continuously withdrawing the resultant reaction mixture from the other end of the reaction zone.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing olefin oligomer from olefins having not less than 6 carbon atoms in the presence of a reaction mixture of an aluminum halide and a secondary or tertiary alcohol in the stated equivalent proportions. The olefin oligomers thus obtained have a high kinematic viscosity, a low pour point, a high viscosity index and a good shear stability.

Abstract: A process for producing an olefin oligomer comprising polymerizing olefin having not less than 6 carbon atoms in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of (a) aluminum halide, (b) polyhydric alcohol derivative of which alcohol the hydrogen atoms of the entire hydroxyl groups are substituted with either one or both of alkyl and acyl groups and (c) a nickel compound or cobalt compound is provided. Thus, an olefin oligomer having a narrow distribution of the polymerization degree and good properties can be obtained with a high selectivity by using a catalyst capable of being easily handled.

Abstract: A cosmetic base material which consists of a synthetic saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon having 24 to 36 carbon atoms, wherein the proton ratio of methyl group to methylene group, that is, CH.sub.3 /CH.sub.2, within the hydrocarbon chain is in the range of from 0.25 to 0.6 and the pour point is in the range of from -55.degree. C. to 10.degree. C.

Abstract: A halogen-containing resin composition comprising a halogen-containing resin having incorporated therein one or more esters derived from one or more fatty acids and one or more polyhydric alcohols containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, said fatty acids being expressed by the general formula ##STR1## where at least two of the R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 radicals are alkyl radicals and, when two of them are alkyl radicals, the remaining one is hydrogen; and the total number of carbon atoms contained in the R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 radicals is in the range of from 18 to 38. The foregoing composition is excellent in lubricity and heat stability, thus causing no occurrence of "plate-out" or "blooming.

Abstract: A method of preparing an olefin oligomer by polymerizing an olefin having 6 or more carbon atoms, wherein said olefin is polymerized in the presence of a catalyst consisting of (a) a polyhydric alcohol derivative obtained by replacing the hydrogen atoms of all the hydroxyl groups of the polyhydric alcohol by either acyl groups exclusively or by acyl groups and alkyl groups, both of said groups having 1 - 20 carbon atoms, (b) an aluminum halide in an amount of 1.1 - 2.8 mole per one ester bond or ether bond possessed by said polyhydric alcohol derivative and (c) metallic aluminum powder.

Abstract: A method of preparing a polyolefin oil in the present invention comprises polymerizing an olefin having 6 or more carbon atoms in the presence of a mixture of a polyhydric alcohol derivative and an aluminum halide, said derivative being obtained by replacing hydrogen atoms of all the hydroxyl groups of the polyhydric alcohol by alkyl groups having 1-20 carbon atoms. The thus prepared polyolefin oil scarcely contains halogen, and it has a wide range of use such as, for instance, a lubricant, a cosmetic base, a textile finishing agent, etc.