Abstract: A non-liquid detergent composition prepared by shaping a detergent composition comprising an acyl-poly-hydroxy carboxylate having the formula ##STR1## (wherein R represents a saturated or unsaturated straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbon group having 5 to 19 carbon atoms, R' represents H, CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5, n is an integer of 1 or more, m is an integer ranging from 1 to 2, and M represents monovalent or divalent cation).

Abstract: Liquid polyolefin oil having a kinematic viscosity of about 500 centistokes or more at 100.degree. F, a high viscosity index, a good shearing stability and a low pour point can be prepared by polymerizing an olefin having 6 or more carbon atoms in the presence of a catalyst mixture of (a) a dicarbonyl compound selected from a group consisting of acyclic or cyclic diketones and ketoesters and (b) an aluminum halide in an amount of 0.7 - 5 mole per one carbonyl group or ester bond of said dicarbonyl compound. Said catalyst mixture may contain an alkyl halide.

Abstract: When an olefin having 6 or more carbon atoms is polymerized in the presence of a mixture of a polyhydric alcohol derivative and an aluminum halide, said derivative being obtained by replacing hydrogen atoms of all the hydroxyl groups of polyhydric alcohol either by acyl groups exclusively or by acyl groups and alkyl groups, both of said groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (in which mixture the amount of said aluminum halide is 1.1 to 2.8 moles per 1 ester bond of said polyhydric alcohol derivative), there can be obtained liquid olefin polymers having various mean molecular weights at a high yield.

Abstract: A method of preparing an olefin oligomer by polymerizing an olefin having more than 6 carbon atoms, wherein said olefin is to be polymerized in the presence of a catalyst consisting of (a) polyhydric alcohol derivatives obtained by substituting hydrogen atoms of all the whole hydroxyl groups of polyhydric alcohol by either acyl group exclusively or acyl group and alkyl groups, both said acyl group and alkyl group having 1 - 20 carbon atoms, (b) aluminum halide in an amount of 0.7 - 1.0 mole per each ester bond and ether bond possessed by said polyhydric alcohol derivative and (c) metallic aluminum powder.

Abstract: Complex esters of the present invention are manufactured by making C.sub.3.sub.-30 olefin, carbon monoxide, polyalcohol and polycarboxylic acid react in the presence of a cobalt compound catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the carboxylation and/or alkoxycarbonylation of olefins with carbon monoxide and water or alcohol in the presence of cobalt carbonyl catalyst and also vinyl pyridine together with pyridine and/or alkyl pyridine, is disclosed.

Abstract: In the method of manufacturing liquid polyol esters of carboxylic acid by making an olefin having 3 or more carbon atoms, carbon monoxide and polyhydric alcohol react with one another in the presence of a cobalt compound catalyst, the steps comprising heating the thus reacted mixture to distill out unreacted olefin and so forth, thereafter cooling the distillation residue and separating it into the ester of polyhydric alcohol and the cobalt compound.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing granular solid catalyst, comprising the process of mixing more than 1 mole of olefin and 1.0 - 1.2 mole of ketone having 4 or more carbon atoms relative to 1 mole of aluminum halide and effecting reaction at a temperature of more than 60.degree.C.

Abstract: An olefin oligomer having a low viscosity and a high viscosity index can be prepared by polymerizing an olefin having 6 or more carbon atoms in the presence of a mixture of a polyhydric alcohol derivative and an aluminum halide, said derivative being obtained by replacing the hydrogen atoms of all the hydroxyl groups of the polyhydric alcohol by either acyl groups exclusively or by acyl group and alkyl groups both of said groups having 1 - 20 carbon atoms. The thus prepared olefin oligomer scarcely contains halogen, and it has a wide range of uses such as, for instance, a lubricant, a cosmetic base, etc.

Abstract: A method for producing a liquid olefin polymer which comprises polymerizing an .alpha.-olefin having 6 - 14 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof, in the presence of a catalyst consisting of an alkali metal hydride, a halide of an element selected from boron and aluminum and a titanium halide, or a catalyst in which metallic lithium or sodium is added to those catalyst ingredients.

Abstract: A method of effecting polymerization of olefins having 6 or more carbon atoms or mixtures of such olefins (hereinafter referred to as the feed olefin), to produce a hydrocarbon liquid polymer which comprises mixing a catalyst composed of aluminum chloride, ketone having 4 or more carbon atoms and olefin catalyst constituent with 0.01 to 0.3 mole of ester, ether or alcohol per mole of said aluminum chloride and effecting the polymerization of the feed olefin at a reaction temperature of more than 60.degree.C.

Abstract: In the method of manufacturing carboxylic acids or esters thereof by reacting olefin, carbon monoxide and alcohol or water in the presence of catalyst prepared in advance by heating a cobalt compound and pyridine or at least one pyridine base selected from the group of mono-, di- and tri-alkyl (having 1.about.3 carbon atoms)-substituted pyridines under the pressure of carbon monoxide.