Abstract: Light emitted from a white LED 15 is converted by a lens 11 into light having an excellent directionality. The light illuminates a display panel 863 from the direction of an angle ?k. The display panel 863 is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display panel in a normally white mode. The display panel 863 modulates incident light by scattering it, the scattered light is incident on a magnification lens 866, and light from the magnification lens reaches an eye 21 of the observer. Light which passes straight through a liquid crystal layer in the display panel 863 is absorbed by an optical absorbing film 12. The observer fixedly positions his/her eye 21 to an eyepiece cover 852 and observes the displayed image.

Abstract: To provide a source driver circuit for an EL display panel with reduced variations in output current. A source driver circuit contains unit transistors 634 each of which constitutes a single unit. The 0th bit consists of one unit transistor 634, the 1st bit consists of two unit transistors 634, the 2nd bit consists of four unit transistors 634, the 3rd bit consists of eight unit transistors 634, the 4th bit consists of 16 unit transistors 634, and the 5th bit consists of 32 unit transistors 634. Each unit transistor 634 composes a current mirror circuit in conjunction with a transistor 633a. Regulating the current Ib flowing through the transistor 633a allows for changing the current flowing through the unit transistors 634. Accurate source driver IC with small variations can be provided by configuring output current circuits with unit transistors and regulating reference currents so that the output current of the unit transistors can be regulated.

Abstract: In order to charge and discharge parasitic capacitance of a source signal line sufficiently and program a predetermined current value into a pixel transistor, it is necessary to output a relatively large current from the source driver circuit. However, if such a large current is passed through the source signal line, the value of this current is programmed into the pixel, causing a larger than desired current to flow through an EL element 15. For example, if a 10 times larger current is used for programming, a 10 times larger current flows through the EL element 15, and thus the EL element 15 illuminates 10 times more brightly. To obtain predetermined emission brightness, the time during which the current flows through the EL element can be reduced to 1/10 of one frame (1 F). This way, the parasitic capacitance of the source signal line can be charged and discharged sufficiently and the predetermined emission brightness can be obtained.

Abstract: To provide a drive method capable of maintaining gradation display performance regardless of screen display brightness. Reference numeral 491R denotes a regulator used to control reference current for red (R). By adjusting a reference current for R linearly, it is possible to linearly vary a current flowing through a transistor 472a which constitutes a current mirror with a transistor 471R. This changes a current flowing through a transistor 472b which has received a current-based delivery from the transistor 472a in a transistor group 521a. This in turn causes changes to a transistor 473a in a transistor group 521b which constitutes a current mirror with the transistor 472b, resulting in changes to a transistor 473b which has received a current-based delivery from the transistor 473a. Thus, since drive current of the unit transistor 484 changes, programming current can be changed linearly.

Abstract: An image display device comprises a first storage device (4) for storing an image data, an image processor (8) for reducing the number of bits of the image data, a second storage device (10) for storing the image data after being processed, a display device (12) for displaying the image data after being processed, a driver (14) for driving the display device (12) and a controller (16) for controlling the operation of the driver (14). The controller (16) determines whether the image data stored in the first storage device (4) is dynamic or static, and, in the case of a static image, after storing the signals corresponding to one frame of the image data in the second storage device (10), operates only the second storage device (10), the driver (14) and the display device (12). Thereby, reduction of power consumption can be achieved while maintaining high image quality.

Abstract: In a display device capable of low power and multi-color displaying without raising a frame rate due to increase of display gradations in number by combining a gradation representation through a FRC and a gradation representation system using a pulse width modulation or pulse height modulation method, the gradation representation is executed by a method of pulse width or pulse height modulation in one frame using lower significant N bits to a video signal of M bits, and the display of the gradations is performed by the FRC of the present invention using more significant M?N bits and further using 2M?N?1 frames, and thus the number of the frames required for FRC is reduced to decrease a frame frequency to thereby realize a gradation display with reduction of electric power and suppression of flickers.

Abstract: In a source driver (14) provided in an electroluminescent (EL) display device of the present invention, the gate voltage of a first-stage current source formed by a transistor (631) is applied to the gate of a transistor (632a) which is a second-stage current source situated next to the transistor (631) and, as a result, a current flowing through the transistor (632a) is transferred to a transistor (632b) which is a second-stage current source. In addition, the gate voltage of the transistor (632b) is applied to the gate of a transistor (633a) which is a third-stage current source situated next to the transistor (632b) and, as a result, a current flowing through the transistor (633a) is transferred to a transistor (633b) which is a third-stage current source. The gate of the transistor (633b) is provided with a large number of current sources (634) corresponding to the number of bits required.

Abstract: An EL display apparatus according to the present invention includes EL device (15) adapted to emit light at a luminance corresponding to a current fed thereto. A source driver (14) outputs a current higher than a current corresponding to an image signal to the EL device (16) through a source signal line (18). This operation charges/discharges a parasitic capacitance present in the source signal line (18). A transistor (11d) formed between the EL device (15) and the source driver (14) operates so that the EL device (15) is fed with the current for only a part of a one-frame period. As a result, the El device (15) emits light for only the part of the period.

Abstract: The EL display apparatus according to this invention is provided with an EL light emitting element, a current driving device for driving the EL light emitting element by a current responsive to a source signal represented by a current, and a signal current source (634) for outputting the source signal in response to image signal to the current driving device via a source signal line, the EL display apparatus being further provided with a precharge voltage source (631) for outputting a predetermined voltage and a switching and connecting unit (636, 637) capable of selectively connecting either the signal current source or the precharge voltage source to the source signal line (638).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a wet type friction material obtained by immersing binding agent into a paper body comprised of fiber base material and filler, comprises a first immersing step for immersing first binding agent into said paper body, a second immersing step for immersing second binding agent into said paper body after said first immersing step and a heating and curing step for heating and curing said paper body into which said first and second binding agents were immersed.

Abstract: In a display panel, a dummy pulse of a predetermined voltage signal is superimposed on a data signal and the dummy pulse has an amplitude much larger than the amplitude of the data signal, and thus a signal waveform applied to a light modulation layer such as LC layer is changed to a high frequency wave. The applying position of the dummy pulse is varied according to each color of R, G and B, or varied according to frame or field. By performing a MLS drive with the dummy pulse superimposed on the data signal, the amplitude difference between the selection signal and the data signal can be reduced. Thus, a common driver IC and a segment driver IC can be formed as one semiconductor chip to be placed on one side, constructing a three side free type.

Abstract: In order to provide, when a multi-line selection (MLS) drive method for simultaneously selecting a plurality of scanning electrodes is applied to a liquid crystal display panel, a frame rate control (FRC) gradation display method in which the number of gradations to be displayed is increased without increasing a frame rate and circuit scales, a gradation register for storing a gradation pattern for displaying an ON state and an OFF state at each gradation level, a gradation control circuit for performing a shift arithmetic operation of the gradation pattern and a gradation selecting circuit disposed on each signal electrode are provided so as to cause the gradation control circuit to perform a shift operation of the gradation pattern of the gradation register for each frame synchronously with a vertical synchronous signal, for each line synchronously with a horizontal synchronous signal and for each sub-frame such that the gradation display is performed.

Abstract: An array substrate 12 is formed with pixel electrodes 14 in the form of a matrix. The pixel electrode 14 is connected to a thin film transistor 155. The thin film transistor 155 is formed with a light shielding film 152 consisting of resin for preventing an entry of light into the thin film transistor 155. A polymer dispersion liquid crystal layer 21 is interposed between a counter electrode 25 and the pixel electrode 14. A substrate 11 is formed with a color filter 151 having red (R), green (G), and blue (B). The color filter 151 is formed from dielectric multilayer film or organic material. The counter electrode 25 is formed above the color filter 155, and the counter electrode 25 and the liquid crystal layer 21 are bonded together by an adhesive layer 371.

Abstract: Signals of odd lines in progressive scanning image signals in a first frame are extracted and displayed along odd lines on a matrix-type display device such as a liquid crystal display panel. Further, signals of even lines in progressive scanning image signals in a second frame successive to the first frame are extracted and displayed along even lines on the display device. Thus, one image of a frame is displayed on the display device in two frame periods so that one of the first and second steps is performed after the other thereof is performed. Alternatively, one of the signals of odd lines are displayed along two successive odd and even lines, while one of the signals of even lines are displayed along two successive even and odd lines. The display methods can be applied to a display panel having a larger number of scanning lines than a number of signal lines.

Abstract: In a display device capable of low power and multi-color displaying without raising a frame rate due to increase of display gradations in number by combining a gradation representation through a FRC and a gradation representation system using a pulse width modulation or pulse height modulation method, the gradation representation is executed by a method of pulse width or pulse height modulation in one frame using lower significant N bits to a video signal of M bits, and the display of the gradations is performed by the FRC of the present invention using more significant M−N bits and further using 2M−N−1 frames, and thus the number of the frames required for FRC is reduced to decrease a frame frequency to thereby realize a gradation display with reduction of electric power and suppression of flickers.

Abstract: An image display device comprises a first storage device (4) for storing an image data, an image processor (8) for reducing the number of bits of the image data, a second storage device (10) for storing the image data after being processed, a display device (12) for displaying the image data after being processed, a driver (14) for driving the display device (12) and a controller (16) for controlling the operation of the driver (14). The controller (16) determines whether the image data stored in the first storage device (4) is dynamic or static, and, in the case of a static image, after storing the signals corresponding to one frame of the image data in the second storage device (10), operates only the second storage device (10), the driver (14) and the display device (12). Thereby, reduction of power consumption can be achieved while maintaining high image quality.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a wet type friction material obtained by immersing binding agent into a paper body comprised of fiber base material and filler, comprises a first immersing step for immersing first binding agent into said paper body, a second immersing step for immersing second binding agent into said paper body after said first immersing step and a heating and curing step for heating and curing said paper body into which said first and second binding agents were immersed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel includes a first substrate and on which pixel electrodes are formed in a matrix pattern, a second substrate on which a counter electrode is formed, an ultraviolet reducing layer formed on one of the first and second substrate corresponding to the matrix pattern of the pixel electrodes, and a polymer dispersion liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates. The liquid crystal layer is cured by irradiating ultraviolet light from the side on which the ultraviolet reducing layer is formed. The polymer dispersion liquid crystal layer is arranged between the counter electrode and each pixel electrode has an average liquid crystal drop diameter which is larger than that arranged in other areas.

Abstract: A reflected light absorbing plate is divided into plural areas by light absorbing walls and is adapted to satisfy a predetermined condition among a width of one area, a thickness thereof t, and a refraction index of an absorbing plate n. The reflected light absorbing plate is applied to a display panel having a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer as a light modulating layer via a light coupling layer. The reflected light absorbing plate and the light modulating layer are spaced by a predetermined distance taking MTF into consideration. While the light diffused at a minute area A is reflected at the interface with air, the light is absorbed by the light absorbing wall and never returns to the light modulating layer.

Abstract: An empty cell is produced by adhering an array substrate and a counterelectrode substrate with a sealant resin of a predetermined height. A mixture liquid comprising liquid crystal and a polymerizable photosetting resin is injected into the empty cell. Then, the cell is interposed between a flat rigid bench and a flat rigid plate, and the mixture liquid is heated to make it transparent. Then, the thickness of the mixture liquid is measured with an interferometer. If the measured thickness deviates from a predetermined range, the flat rigid plate is pressed until the measured thickness changes into the predetermined range. Then, the mixture liquid is irradiated to form a liquid crystal/resin composite layer. Then, the pressure is removed. Thus, a liquid crystal/resin composite layer of uniform thickness can be obtained.