Abstract: A monomer mixture having a hydroxyl value ranging from 0 to 134 KOH mg/g, obtainable by polymerizing a mixed raw material of an unsaturated compound selected from the group consisting of fatty acids each having one carboxyl group and one double bond in the molecule and having 11 to 22 carbon atoms and lower alkyl esters thereof with an unsaturated compound selected from the group consisting of fatty acids each having one carboxyl group and 2 to 4 double bonds in the molecule and having 11 to 22 carbon atoms and whose iodine value ranges from 30 to 130 g (iodine)/100 g to give dimers and trimers, then converting the carboxyl groups (or the lower alkyl ester group in case of the lower alkyl esters) present in the resulting dimers and trimers into hydroxyl groups through reduction to give a mixture substantially consisting of dimer diols and trimer triols, and then subjecting the mixture having a dimer diol/trimer triol weight ratio ranging from 30/70 to 99/1 to an esterification reaction with an .alpha., .beta.

Abstract: A process for selectively preparing an unsaturated long-chain aliphatic secondary amine at a high yield comprising reducing an unsaturated aliphatic nitrile having 8 to 22 carbon atoms or a nitrile mixture containing said nitrile with hydrogen in the presence of a Ni hydrogenation catalyst and a carboxylic acid amide at a reaction temperature of 160.degree. C. to 200.degree. C.

Abstract: A multilayer ceramic circuit board and method of forming such circuit board are disclosed. The wiring pattern for the multilayer ceramic circuit board includes multiple-layer portions, the multiple-layer portions including first and second electrically conductive layers, respectively a tungsten layer and a copper thick film, for example, with a diffusion layer therebetween for improving adhesivity of the first and second electrically conductive layers to each other. Such multiple-layer portions are provided by providing first and second electrically conductive layers, and an intermediate layer between the first and second electrically conductive layers, and diffusing at least one component from the intermediate layer into both the first and second electrically conductive layers. Thus, a multilayer ceramic circuit board with, e.g., a firmly coupled tungsten layer and copper thick film can be provided.

Abstract: A power amplifier for use in a PWM signal includes a pulse width modulation signal generating circuit proportional to an amplitude of an input signal, an amplitude modulating circuit for amplitude-modulating the pulse width modulating signal in accordance with the level of the input signal and a power amplifying stage driven by the pulse width modulation signal which was amplitude-modulated. The amplitude modulating circuit or modulator is comprised of, by way of example, a pair of level shifting circuits (21) and (22), each being supplied with the input signal, a pair of switching circuits (23) and (24) for switching the respective outputs of these level shifting circuits by the pulse width modulation signal and an adder (25) for adding the outputs from these switching circuits, wherein this adder can produce at its output a pulse width modulation signal which is amplitude-modulated and the power amplifying stage utilizing bipolar transistors can efficiently be driven by this pulse width modulation signal.

Abstract: A current mirror circuit comprised of three transistor devices, each transistor device including an input terminal and first and second output terminals. Two of the devices have their input terminals connected together and one output terminal of each device is connected to a respective current output terminal. The other output terminal of each device is adapted to be supplied with an operating voltage. Each of the first and second transistor devices is formed of at least a pair of transistors connected in Darlington-type configuration. In one embodiment, these Darlington-connected transistors are of complementary types. The third transistor device has its input terminal coupled to one of the current output terminals and one of its output terminals coupled to the common-connected input terminals of the first and second transistor devices. The remaining output terminal of the third transistor device is coupled to a reference potential.

Abstract: A circuit adapted to detect an angle-modulated signal including a pair of terminals to which the angle-modulated signal is supplied in push-pull relation and a high-pass filter circuit coupled to the pair of terminals for transmitting those frequencies of the angle-modulated signal which exceed a cut-off frequency. A differential amplifier has a pair of inputs coupled to the high-pass filter circuit to receive the filtered angle-modulated signal as a reference signal and a quadrature generator is coupled to the high-pass filter circuit and is responsive to the filtered reference signal for generating a quadrature signal whose phase varies with respect to the reference signal as a function of the change in frequency of the reference signal.