Abstract: A carrier for receiving and holding a plurality of semiconductor wafers and permitting surfaces of the wafers to receive maximum exposure to ultrasonic waves during a wafer cleaning process in which the carrier and the wafers are immersed in a liquid medium and ultrasonic waves are generated in the liquid medium. The carrier includes two vertical sidewalls and at least three horizontal supporting rods that interconnect the sidewalls and that are collectively positioned for supporting wafers in generally upright, face to face position generally parallel to each other. At least one stabilizing rod extends horizontally between the sidewalls for limiting wafer motion relative to the carrier to steady the wafers. A series of spaced apart teeth on the stabilizing rod define troughs for receiving wafers loosely therein to prevent substantial vibratory deflections of the wafers.

Abstract: In a vehicle side sill structure in which a side sill portion having a substantially closed cross section extending in a longitudinal direction of a vehicle body is provided at the side of the vehicle body, a pipe member is disposed inside the side sill portion in such a manner as to extend in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body, and at least two concave portions (fragile portions) are formed in a side portion of the pipe member. Further, a reinforcing member is disposed substantially along the side portion of the pipe member, and cooperates with the side portion to form a second closed section. This enables proper deformation particularly during side impact with a simple structure.

Abstract: In a vehicle side sill structure in which a side sill portion having a substantially closed cross section extending in a longitudinal direction of a vehicle body is provided at the side of the vehicle body, a pipe member is disposed inside the side sill portion in such a manner as to extend in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body, and at least two concave portions (fragile portions) are formed in a side portion of the pipe member. Further, a reinforcing member is disposed substantially along the side portion of the pipe member, and cooperates with the side portion to form a second closed section. This enables proper deformation particularly during side impact with a simple structure.

Abstract: A position detection system of a mobile terminal includes a small zone communication system (50) such as the PHS system, and a center station (1) connected to an exchange station (2) forming the PHS system. When a call is dispatched from the center station to the telephone number of a mobile station 7 of which the position is to be identified, the call signal is transmitted to a repeater (6) located closest to the mobile station (7) via exchange stations (2, 4) and main lines (3, 5) forming the PHS system (50). Since the mobile station (7) can identify the identification number of the closest repeater (6), the position of repeater (6) can be identified by referring to the database of the PHS system (50) using the repeater database provided in a center control station (51). The position can be displayed on a CRT screen at the center station (1) side. A position detection apparatus of a mobile terminal that can detect a position at low cost and at high accuracy is provided.

Abstract: A position detection system of a mobile terminal includes a small zone communication system (50) such as the PHS system, and a center station (1) connected to an exchange station (2) forming the PHS system. When a call is dispatched from the center station to the telephone number of a mobile station 7 of which the position is to be identified, the call signal is transmitted to a repeater (6) located closest to the mobile station (7) via exchange stations (2, 4) and main lines (3, 5) forming the PHS system (50). Since the mobile station (7) can identify the identification number of the closest repeater (6), the position of repeater (6) can be identified by referring to the database of the PHS system (50) using the repeater database provided in a center control station (51). The position can be displayed on a CRT screen at the center station (1) side. A position detection apparatus of a mobile terminal that can detect a position at low cost and at high accuracy is provided.

Abstract: A position detection system of a mobile terminal includes a small zone communication system (50) such as the PHS system, and a center station (1) connected to an exchange station (2) forming the PHS system. When a call is dispatched from the center station to the telephone number of a mobile station 7 of which the position is to be identified, the call signal is transmitted to a repeater (6) located closest to the mobile station (7) via exchange stations (2, 4) and main lines (3, 5) forming the PHS system (50). Since the mobile station (7) can identify the identification number of the closest repeater (6), the position of repeater (6) can be identified by referring to the database of the PHS system (50) using the repeater database provided in a center control station (51). The position can be displayed on a CRT screen at the center station (1) side. A position detection apparatus of a mobile terminal that can detect a position at low cost and at high accuracy is provided.

Abstract: A position detection system of a mobile terminal includes a small zone communication system (50) such as the PHS system, and a center station (1) connected to an exchange station (2) forming the PHS system. When a call is dispatched from the center station to the telephone number of a mobile station 7 of which the position is to be identified, the call signal is transmitted to a repeater (6) located closest to the mobile station (7) via exchange stations (2, 4) and main lines (3, 5) forming the PHS system (50). Since the mobile station (7) can identify the identification number of the closest repeater (6), the position of repeater (6) can be identified by referring to the database of the PHS system (50) using the repeater database provided in a center control station (51). The position can be displayed on a CRT screen at the center station (1) side. A position detection apparatus of a mobile terminal that can detect a position at low cost and at high accuracy is provided.

Abstract: A multi-layer circuit board capable of reducing an electrical resistance between circuit patterns positioned inside the circuit board and a through-hole connection conductor. A plurality of circuit patterns are superposed on each other with a plurality of insulating layers being alternately interposed therebetween in turn. A solution in which ultrafine metal particles of the independent dispersion type such as silver, gold, palladium or the like are contained in a colloid-like manner is applied so as to extend from one of lands through an inner surface of a through-hole to the other land. Then, the solution is calcined to form a metal particle film, The metal particle film is coated thereon with a conductive paste such as a resin/silver paste or the like, which is then calcined to form a conductive paste layer.

Abstract: Provided is a method for making a lithographic printing plate in which the development is carryied out by coating a developer on a photosensitive element comprising a support and at least a silver halide emulsion layer and a physical development nuclei layer, characterized in that coating amount of the developer is 60 ml or less for 1 m.sup.2 of the photosensitive element, and the developer contains at least one thioether compound and at least one alkanolamine compound as silver halide solvents. The resulting lithographic printing plate is high in printing endurance and has no stains in non-image portions. Furthermore, the running development processing can be stably carried out.

Abstract: A lens driving mechanism for moving a lens in its optical axis direction has a lens frame for holding the lens, guide means for guiding the lens frame to be movable in the optical axis direction of the lens, and an actuator having an actuation portion that moves in a direction nearly parallel to the optical axis of the lens. In the lens driving mechanism, the lens frame and the actuation portion are directly or indirectly connected so that the lens frame does not move in the optical axis direction relative to the actuation portion of the actuator.

Abstract: A printed capacitor-mounted circuit board capable of increasing a capacity of each of printed capacitors formed on a printed board. A copper-clad laminate is arranged so as to act as an insulating substrate. The printed capacitors each include a first electrode made of a copper foil and arranged on a front surface of the copper-clad laminate. Then, a dielectric layer made of a dielectric paste is arranged on the first electrode and a second electrode made of a conductive paint is arranged on the dielectric layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for making a lithographic printing plate from a photographic element according to the silver complex diffusion transfer process employing a coating development process with a small amount of developer, wherein the coating amount of the developer is 60 ml or less per 1 m.sup.2 of the photographic element and the developer contains a mercaptooxadiazole having an alkyl group of 4 or more carbon atoms or aryl group and an alkanolamine and/or a meso-ionic compound. The resulting lithographic printing plate has a high printing endurance and free from stains on the background in spite of carrying out the development by a coating method with a small amount of the developer for a short period of time.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for treating a plate surface of a lithographic printing plate, which comprises, after exposing and developing a lithographic printing plate having a support and at least a silver halide emulsion layer and a physical development nuclei layer provided on the support, treating the plate surface of the lithographic printing plate with a plate surface-treating solution containing at least one water-insoluble compound having a mercapto group or a thione group and a compound represented by the following formula (1): ##STR1## wherein A represents a vinyl monomer unit having a carboxyl group, B represents a copolymerizable ethylenic unsaturated monomer unit, M represents a cation, k represents 30 to 90 mole %, m represents 10 to 50 mole %, and n represents 0 to 50 mole %.

Abstract: The present invention provides a printing method using a silver salt lithographic printing plate obtained by imagewise exposing a silver salt lithographic printing plate precursor comprising a support and, provided thereon, at least a silver halide emulsion layer and a physical development nuclei layer and then subjecting the exposed printing plate precursor to silver complex diffusion transfer development and using a dampening composition containing a nonionic surface-active agent represented by the following formula ?I!: ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkyl group of 1-9 carbon atoms, and n.sub.1 and n.sub.2 are mol numbers necessary for the polymer having an average molecular weight of 250 or more, and n.sub.1 /n.sub.2 is 0.5-2, and a polymer represented by the following formula ?II!: ##STR2## wherein m is a number which provides a number-average molecular weight of 2000-50000 for the polymer.

Abstract: The object of the prevent invention is to provide a solar energy system of simple construction capable of utilizing the photovoltaic source always at a high efficiency without being affected by environmental changes or yearly declination of photovoltaic cell, etc.

Abstract: The present invention provides a treating solution for lithographic printing plates having ink receptive silver images in which the compound having a mercapto group or a thione group and an oleophilic group which is added to improve ink-receptivity can be solubilized without damaging the ink-receptivity and with using no solvent and in which hydrophilic colloid particles are excellent in time stability. The solution contains at least one alkanolamine and a compound having a mercapto group or a thione group and an oleophilic group and being free from sulfo group and carboxyl group. Preferably, the solution additionally contains an amino acid and hydrophilic colloid particles which are inorganic fine particles having an average particle size of 0.1 .mu.m or less.

Abstract: A full closed type diaphragm apparatus having a complete light shut-off function comprises seven blade members made of thin plate and having respective pivot points rotatably supported in succession in a rotational direction about an optical axis and respective free end portions oriented in the rotational direction, and a rotating apparatus to simultaneously rotate the blade members by the same angle in the rotational direction about their respective pivot points. The blade members include at least one long blade member and a plurality of short blade members.

Abstract: A printer of the thermal transfer type reproduces original gradated image comprised of individually gradated image elements into the form of printed gradated image having image density determined by number of printed image elements per unit section. A latch circuit latches successively an input train of gradated image bit data corresponding to the individually gradated image elements. A data processor successively converts the received input train of gradated image bit data into an output train of binary image bit data according to the image density of original image to be reproduced. A printing unit operates according to the output train of binary image bit data to selectively print the individual image elements so that the image density of printed image is represented in terms of number of printed image elements per unit section.