Abstract: The present invention provides a surface grinding device of a pavement surface in which driving energy is small, the device can be used for long periods of time, and it is possible to smoothly grind a surface of the pavement surface without damaging the pavement surface. A grinding body (6) of a surface grinding device (1) of a pavement surface is composed of a rotation shaft (13) and several blades (14). Each of the blades (14) includes a substantially rectangular plate (15) having a predetermined thickness, and arc grinding pieces (16) provided on edges of both short sides of the plate (15). A shaft hole (18) is formed in a center of the plate (15), and the rotation shaft (13) is inserted into the shaft hole (18).

Abstract: [Object] The present invention provides a surface grinding device of a pavement surface in which driving energy is small, the device can be used for long periods of time, and it is possible to smoothly grind a surface of the pavement surface without damaging the pavement surface. [Solving Means] A grinding body (6) of a surface grinding device (1) of a pavement surface is composed of a rotation shaft (13) and several blades (14). Each of the blades (14) includes a substantially rectangular plate (15) having a predetermined thickness, and arc grinding pieces (16) provided on edges of both short sides of the plate (15). A shaft hole (18) is formed in a center of the plate (15), and the rotation shaft (13) is inserted into the shaft hole (18). In the grinding body (6), the plurality of blades (14) are deviated from and overlap with one another in a rotation direction of the grinding body (6) so that the grinding pieces (16) do not interfere with each other.

Abstract: There is provided an inside observation apparatus of an endoscope and the like which can perform an inside observation for irradiating an illumination light to a minute area of a surface of an object (for example, a living tissue) having a light scattering property and detecting a back-scattered light of the illumination light, can increase a detected light amount by a simply and low cost configuration by making an area of a detection region larger than an illumination region, and can reduce a time necessary to detect an body (for example, a blood vessel) to be observed and detect a region deeper than a conventional region.

Abstract: A functional film having a particular organic film and a particular inorganic film is produced. The functional film is consistently produced and exhibits the intended performance. The functional film production method includes forming an organic film on a surface of a substrate, handling the substrate having the organic film formed thereon so that no member comes in contact with an organic film surface in vacuum until formation of an inorganic film, and forming the inorganic film by vacuum deposition on the organic film surface.

Abstract: A scattering medium internal observation apparatus according to the present invention includes: a light source; an illuminating apparatus that guides light from the light source to an observation object that is a scattering body; and an observation optical system for observing the observation object illuminated by the illuminating apparatus, wherein the illuminating apparatus has a light-guiding member that guides light from the light source to a surface of the observation object, and a light-shielding member that covers the surface of the observation object and which shields light reflected or scattered in the vicinity of the light-guiding member of the observation object is disposed in the vicinity of an end portion of the light-guiding member on an observation object-side.

Abstract: The conveying unit conveys a long sheet-like subject in its longitudinal direction. The conveying unit includes a stepped roller which has large-diameter portions spaced apart from each other in a direction perpendicular to a direction of conveyance of the sheet-like subject and having a larger diameter than a remainder of the stepped roller being a small-diameter portion of the stepped roller, the large-diameter portions supporting and conveying the sheet-like subject, a closed space forming subunit between the small-diameter portion of the stepped roller and the sheet-like subject and a gas supply subunit for supplying a gas to the closed space. The vacuum deposition device forms a film on a surface of a long substrate by vacuum deposition. The vacuum deposition device includes a vacuum chamber, a conveying device which includes the conveying unit and a film forming unit.

Abstract: The method for producing a functional film includes a step of forming an organic film on a surface of a substrate and a step of forming an inorganic film by vacuum deposition on a surface of the organic film to produce the functional film. Prior to forming the inorganic film, a member contacts the surface of the organic film in a vacuum chamber at portions where the organic film does not exhibit its functions.

Abstract: There is provided an inside observation apparatus of an endoscope and the like which can perform an inside observation for irradiating an illumination light to a minute area of a surface of an object (for example, a living tissue) having a light scattering property and detecting a back-scattered light of the illumination light, can increase a detected light amount by a simply and low cost configuration by making an area of a detection region larger than an illumination region, and can reduce a time necessary to detect an body (for example, a blood vessel) to be observed and detect a region deeper than a conventional region.

Abstract: The invention relates to an internal body observation device which includes an ordinary observation light source, an ordinary observation irradiation optical system, a special observation light source, a special observation irradiation optical system, an observation optical system for transmitting the light from an observation target, a detection means configured to detect the light transmitted from the observation optical system as a detection signal, and a processing unit for separating the detection signal in the respective light sources and making the detection signal into images, wherein the light from any one of the ordinary observation light source and the special observation light source is modulated, and the modulated light can be radiated to the observation target together with the light from the other light source, and the detection signal detected by the detection means is separated by the processing unit based on the frequency of the modulation.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a functional film by using a laminated material obtained by adhering a protective film to a substrate to form a film on the substrate is provided. The protective film is peeled off from the substrate, and the substrate and the protective film are fed in the longitudinal direction along different transporting paths, and the surface to be treated is treated while the substrate is fed, after which the treated substrate and the protective film are again adhered. Protection of the substrate and the functional layer can be achieved, and manufacturing costs can be reduced.

Abstract: A gas barrier film includes: a base film; and a silicon nitride layer deposited on a surface of the base film, wherein in a direction of a thickness of the silicon nitride layer, a first mean density of a region of the silicon nitride layer closer to the base film and having a 20% thickness of the silicon nitride layer is lower than a second mean density of a region opposite from the base film and having a 20% thickness of the silicon nitride layer, and a third mean density of a middle region having a 20% thickness of the silicon nitride layer lies between the first mean density and the second mean density.

Abstract: A gas barrier film includes: a base film; and a silicon nitride layer deposited on a surface of the base film, wherein in a direction of a thickness of the silicon nitride layer, a first mean density of a region of the silicon nitride layer closer to the base film and having a 20% thickness of the silicon nitride layer is higher than a second mean density of a region opposite from the base film and having a 20% thickness of the silicon nitride layer, and a third mean density of a middle region having a 20% thickness of the silicon nitride layer lies between the first mean density and the second mean density.

Abstract: Provided is a cutting insert including an insert body in the form of a substantially rhombic flat plate, a rake face on at least one rhombic surface of the insert body, a corner portion provided at a corner of the rake face, and at least one pair of cutting edges provided at a side ridge portion of the rake face and crossing the corner portion. A breaker projection is provided on the rake face near the corner portion so as to bulge gradually along a bisector of the corner portion with distance from the corner portion. The breaker projection includes a front apex portion substantially in the shape of a convex circular arc in a section along the bisector and a side portion which includes a recess substantially in the shape of a concave circular arc in a section perpendicular to the bisector.

Abstract: The method for producing a laminate includes: a film forming step for forming a thin film having one or more layers on a support to obtain a thin film; a defect cover layer forming step for forming a defect cover layer on the thin film by CVD; and an inspection step for detecting a defect whose size is 0.1 ?m or more and 20 ?m or less through the top of the defect cover layer. This method enables to produce a laminate with fewer defects, which effective allows for the detection of fine defects.

Abstract: A film depositing apparatus comprises: a transport unit that transports a substrate along a predetermined transport path; a first film deposition compartment that is provided with a first film depositing unit for forming an organic layer on a surface of the substrate; a second film deposition compartment that is disposed downstream of the first film deposition compartment in the transport path and which is provided with a second film depositing unit for forming an inorganic layer on top of the organic layer; and an evacuating unit that reduces the pressures within the first film deposition compartment and the second film deposition compartment.

Abstract: A rotation supporting mechanism for rotating a main body and a cover in a plane direction while overlapping the cover from a closed position at which the main body and the cover are overlapped and closed, includes a pivot portion forming an axis of a rotation of the plane direction, an eccentric cam pivoted to the pivot portion and rotated eccentrically in the plane direction, and a pressing means brought into contact with the eccentric cam so as to press the eccentric cam. A rotation smoothening member smoothening a rotation is interposed between the pivot portion and the eccentric cam.

Abstract: The method for producing a functional film includes a step of forming an organic film on a surface of a substrate and a step of forming an inorganic film by vacuum deposition on a surface of the organic film to produce the functional film. Prior to forming the inorganic film, a member contacts the surface of the organic film in a vacuum chamber at portions where the organic film does not exhibit its functions.

Abstract: A functional film having a particular organic film and a particular inorganic film is produced. The functional film is consistently produced and exhibits the intended performance. The functional film production method includes forming an organic film on a surface of a substrate, handling the substrate having the organic film formed thereon so that no member comes in contact with an organic film surface in vacuum until formation of an inorganic film, and forming the inorganic film by vacuum deposition on the organic film surface.

Abstract: The conveying unit conveys a long sheet-like subject in its longitudinal direction. The conveying unit includes a stepped roller which has large-diameter portions spaced apart from each other in a direction perpendicular to a direction of conveyance of the sheet-like subject and having a larger diameter than a remainder of the stepped roller being a small-diameter portion of the stepped roller, the large-diameter portions supporting and conveying the sheet-like subject, a closed space forming subunit between the small-diameter portion of the stepped roller and the sheet-like subject and a gas supply subunit for supplying a gas to the closed space. The vacuum deposition device forms a film on a surface of a long substrate by vacuum deposition. The vacuum deposition device includes a vacuum chamber, a conveying device which includes the conveying unit and a film forming unit.

Abstract: A clean booth has a conveyor area for carrying recording sheets, and a motor drive area for containing motor and mechanical parts that emit much dust. The conveyor area and the motor drive area are covered respectively, and separated by a frame plate. Moreover, fan filter units blow pressurized clean air into the conveyor area to discharge dust while a ventilation system exhausts air in the motor drive area. There is no airflow from motor drive area to the conveyor area because of the difference in air pressure. The recording sheets in the conveyor area are carried by belt conveyors with artificial suede belts. The artificial suede belt is suitable to be used as a conveyer belt because of low dust emission and sufficient flexibility to prevent flaw or pressure marks on the recording sheets.