Abstract: An apparatus and method for continuously providing a selected service being watched when a user moves out of a cell or network in a Digital Video Broadcasting-Handheld (DVB-H) Convergence of Broadcasting and Mobile Service (CBMS) system. Information required for a handover is provided to a terminal using an interactive channel. The handover for the terminal can be performed using a conventional scheme and an enhanced scheme even when the user moves to a new cell while watching the selected service. As the enhanced handover scheme is provided, the user can receive a seamless service. In a mobile environment, a handover scenario for the terminal can be efficiently provided.

Abstract: A method is provided for performing handover by a terminal in a digital broadcasting system. The method includes measuring strength of a received signal from a serving broadcast transmitter while receiving a broadcast service, and comparing the measured strength of the received signal with a predetermined reference value; periodically measuring strength of the received signal while continuously receiving the broadcast service when the measured strength of the received signal is greater than the reference value; sending a handover start request message for the broadcasting system to a base station of a mobile communication system when the measured strength of the received signal is less than or equal to the reference value; and performing handover from the serving broadcast transmitter to a target broadcast transmitter upon receipt of an accept message for the handover start request for the broadcasting system from the base station.

Abstract: A delay locked loop is disclosed which includes a clock selector for selecting and outputting any one of normal-phase and reverse-phase external clocks in response to a clock selection information signal, a first delay line for delaying an output signal from the clock selector by a predetermined amount of time, a second delay line for delaying an inverted version of an output signal from the first delay line by a predetermined amount of time, and a phase mixer for mixing a phase of the output signal from the first delay line and a phase of an output signal from the second delay line and outputting an internal clock having a corrected duty cycle as a result of the mixing.

Abstract: A delay locked loop (DLL) of a semiconductor device includes: a first delay line for delaying a first clock signal in synchronization with a first edge of an external clock signal to output a first delayed clock signal; a second delay line for delaying a second clock signal in synchronization with a second edge of the external clock to output a second delayed clock signal; a duty cycle corrector (DCC) for mixing phases of the first and second delayed clock signals to output a DLL clock signal with a corrected duty cycle; and a DCC controller for disabling the duty cycle corrector in a section during which a phase difference between the first and second delayed clock signals is greater than a preset time after a delay locking.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sharing a DL-DPCH in an NB-TDD system. Two time slots at the same position in two subframes forming one radio frame are allocated as a DPCH for two UEs. A Node B arranges data and control information for the UEs in the two time slots and transmits the data and control information to the UEs. The UEs extract the data and control information from the two time slots and acquire the data and control information destined for the individual UEs.

Abstract: A beam-forming apparatus and method for improving system performance using a spatial interpolation and at least one Angle of Arrival (AoA) in a system based on regular spatial sampling is provided. The AoA is estimated using a carrier-to-interference ratio. Beam-forming angles are distributed and steered in a predefined scheme such that an identical process is applied in all directions. According to this steering, a linear system model is computed based on regular spatial sampling using regular spatial separation at beam angles. Beam-forming performance is improved by compensating for a difference between adaptive and sector-type arrays. Only the steps of computing a spatial interpolation and determining an angle range for beam-forming using at least one AoA are added. The precision of estimating an AoA and the precision of beam-forming increase without an additional antenna. Because the system is simpler than that of an adaptive beam-forming system, significant gain is obtained.

Abstract: A joint detection reception apparatus and method, which are utilized irrespective of a length of an orthogonal code in a TD-CDMA communication system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving an Electronic Service Guide (ESG) of an interaction channel in a Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) system are provided. In order to transmit the ESG, ESG data about acquisition information is collected and it is determined whether a service associated with the ESG data is transmitted on an interaction channel. If the service is transmitted on the interaction channel, service access information needed to the interaction channel is set in a first field added for setting interaction channel information in an acquisition fragment of the ESG data. If the service is not transmitted on the interaction channel, service access information needed to receive a unidirectional broadcast channel is set in a second field configured to transmit information for accessing a service stream of the unidirectional broadcast channel in an old-version acquisition fragment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for receiving user roaming and service roaming services from a foreign network in a terminal that has moved from a home network to the foreign network in a digital broadcasting system are provided, in which the terminal receives an ESG from a foreign service provider after entering into the foreign network, selects a roaming type between user roaming and service roaming by determining if an intended broadcasting service is provided from the foreign network, referring to the ESG, receives the intended service from the foreign service provider, if the roaming type is the user roaming, and receives the intended service from a home service provider over the foreign network, if the roaming type is the service roaming.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for encoding additional ESG information and decoding a new version of an Electronic Service Guide (ESG) in a terminal, when information for the new version ESG is transmitted by a digital video broadcasting system. When an information field is added in relation to a fragment of an old version to construct the new version ESG, an independent fragment of the new version for the information field is added without modifying the old version fragment. A connection relation for the reference to an associated old version fragment is specified within the new version fragment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for handling an Electronic Service Guide (ESG) transmission error in a digital video broadcasting system, including a Service Application (SA) entity for receiving a file repair request message from a terminal after broadcasting an ESG from a Service Management (SM) entity to the terminal and, when the file repair request message is a request for the ESG, providing the SM entity with the file repair request message and an address of the terminal; a logical ESG aggregator for generating the ESG within the SM entity interpreting the request message and determining whether to retransmit the ESG to the terminal, and when determining to retransmit the ESG, the logical ESG aggregator delivering, ESG metadata and the address of the terminal to an interactive server for transmitting the ESG within the SM entity. The interactive server transmits the ESG metadata to the terminal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for transmitting an Electronic Service Guide (ESG) in a Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) system, the method includes collecting ESG data to be transmitted; when a multi-stream mode is used in order to transmit the ESG data, setting parameters to be transmitted, and setting the number of IP streams to be used in the multi-stream mode; setting a signaling field indicating use or non-use of at least one partitioning rule in each IP stream; setting at least one of a start field value and an end field value for all fields of said each IP stream used according to a corresponding partitioning rule; if setup of the start field value and the end field value is completed, encoding a partition declaration field of an ESG init container including the set values; and transmitting the encoded ESG data to a terminal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and an apparatus for supporting smooth and seamless handover of a terminal receiving digital broadcasting in a digital broadcasting system. A handover method by a network node includes the steps of receiving a handover proposal message from a terminal, the handover proposal message containing a time for signal quality evaluation, a service ID, and a cell ID, the terminal receiving a broadcasting service from a serving cell; evaluating signal qualities of candidate cells providing a service corresponding to the service ID; calculating a handover candidate parameter based on a result of evaluation of the signal qualities of the candidate cells, the handover candidate parameter indicating time available for handover with regard to respective candidate cells; and transmitting the handover candidate parameter to the terminal.

Abstract: The present patent application describes a cantilever for atomic force microscopy (AFM), which includes a cantilever body having a fixed end and a free end, the free end having a surface region being chemically modified by a dendron in which a plurality of termini of the branched region of the dendron are bound to the surface, and a terminus of the linear region of the dendron is functionalized.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing a preview service using an ESG in a digital broadcasting system are provided. Metadata of ongoing broadcasting services are collected. In the presence of preview data for the preview service among the collected metadata, information associated with the preview service is set in a Related Material element included in at least one of a service fragment, a content fragment, and a service bundle fragment in an ESG data model and representing referenced media data. ESG data including the fragments are generated and sent to a terminal.

Abstract: An RNC determines parameters available for measurement of a synchronization signal and second Node B information from a second Node B, transmits the determined parameters to a first Node B during radio link setup and to a UE during radio bearer setup, and transmits parameter selection information to the first Node B and the UE, if it is recognized that measurement of the synchronization signal and the second Node B information is necessary. The first Node B changes a position of a downlink time period over which a downlink channel is transmitted from the first Node B to the UE and a position of an uplink time period over which an uplink channel is transmitted from the UE to the first Node B, according to parameters selected from the parameters. The UE receives the synchronization signal and the second Node B information in the remaining time periods except the changed downlink time period and the changed uplink time period among the plurality of time periods.

Abstract: A beam-forming apparatus and method for improving system performance using a spatial interpolation and at least one Angle of Arrival (AoA) in a system based on regular spatial sampling is provided. The AoA is estimated using a carrier-to-interference ratio. Beam-forming angles are distributed and steered in a predefined scheme such that an identical process is applied in all directions. According to this steering, a linear system model is computed based on regular spatial sampling using regular spatial separation at beam angles. Beam-forming performance is improved by compensating for a difference between adaptive and sector-type arrays. Only the steps of computing a spatial interpolation and determining an angle range for beam-forming using at least one AoA are added. The precision of estimating an AoA and the precision of beam-forming increase without an additional antenna. Because the system is simpler than that of an adaptive beam-forming system, significant gain is obtained.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for supporting a priority transmission of broadcasting data in a transmitter of a digital broadcasting system. A determination is made as to whether a priority transmission of one broadcasting service to be provided is supported. If the service supports the priority transmission, a plurality of subchannels to be transmitted for the service are set and a priority of the data to be mapped to the plurality of subchannels is set. The data of the broadcasting service is mapped to the plurality of subchannels according to the priority. Data streams mapped to the plurality of subchannels are encoded in different encoders and the encoded data streams are transmitted.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for calculating and displaying local time for a plurality of cities in the world. The apparatus includes a memory for storing Greenwich mean time (GMT) information for each of the plurality of cities. The apparatus sets a reference time and counts the time that elapses from when the reference time is set. The apparatus calculates a local time of a city selected by a user, which is based on a difference between the GMT of the selected city and the GMT of a present location of the apparatus, the reference time and the counted elapsed time. The reference time may be either a time set by the user or a system time acquired from a signal generated from a remote system.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for simply estimating joint channel and Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) to efficiently estimate a channel impulse response associated with a spatially selective transmission channel occurring in a mobile radio channel, and performing efficient beam forming using the simplified joint channel and DOA estimation are provided. A receiver estimates the total interference power using power for each interference signal, estimates a spectral noise density, calculates steering vectors considering predetermined DOAs, and jointly calculates optimal weight vectors for each DOA of each user by applying the interference power and the spectral noise density to the steering vectors. The beam forming reduces implementation complexity of a TDD system such as a TD-SCDMA and increases beam forming efficiency in a mobile environment by efficiently using spatial diversity.