Abstract: A light modulation device is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a light modulation device includes a first polymer film substrate, a second polymer film substrate, an active liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second polymer film substrates, wherein the active liquid crystal layer is capable of switching between a vertical orientation state and a twisting orientation state upon application of a voltage, each of the first and second polymer film substrates has an in-plane retardation of 4,000 nm or more for light having a wavelength of 550 nm, a ratio of an elongation (E1) in a first direction to an elongation (E2) in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction of 3 or more, and wherein an angle formed by the first directions of the first and second polymer film substrates is in a range of 0 degrees to 10 degrees.

Abstract: Methods, systems and devices for efficiently performing a read fail recovery operation are described. An exemplary data storage device includes a nonvolatile memory device including a page group in which program-completed pages and program-in-progress pages are mixed, a buffer memory configured to buffer data and an XOR parity to be stored in pages of the page group. The data storage device also includes a recovery circuit configured to recover an error of read-failed data, and a processor configured to control the recovery circuit to read data and an XOR parity corresponding to the program-in-progress pages from the buffer memory. The processor is also configured to recover the error of the read-failed data using data corresponding to remaining program-completed pages other than a page in which the read-failed data is stored among the program-completed pages, and the data and the XOR parity read from the buffer memory.

Abstract: A light modulation device is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a light modulation device includes a first polymer film substrate, a second polymer film substrate, an active liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second polymer film substrates, wherein the active liquid crystal layer is capable of switching between a first orientation state and a second orientation state different from the first orientation state under an applied voltage, the first and second polymer film substrates have an in-plane retardation of 4,000 nm or more for light having a wavelength of 550 nm, a ratio of an elongation (E1) in a first direction to an elongation (E2) in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction of 3 or more, and wherein an angle formed by the first directions of the first and second polymer film substrates is in a range of 0 degrees to 10 degrees.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an optical device and an optical device is provided. The manufacturing method is capable of minimizing or eliminating dotting unevenness that may occur when an optical device is manufactured by a dotting process. In particular, even when a large cell gap is present or a polymer substrate is applied as a substrate so that high-temperature heat treatment is impossible, such method of the present application can provide an alignment film having improved orientation by improving the dotting unevenness.

Abstract: A coating composition, a method for manufacturing a substrate using the same, and an optical device are provided. The method for manufacturing the substrate provides the substrate having excellent performance, as the substrate has fixed spacers on its surface; by using a single layer in which nanoparticles and spacers are dispersed in an alignment film to reduce processes and cost. The optical device may be manufactured by such method.

Abstract: The present application relates to a light modulation device and a use thereof. The present application can provide a light modulation device having both excellent mechanical properties and optical properties by applying a polymer film that is also optically anisotropic and mechanically anisotropic to a substrate.

Abstract: A transmittance-variable film having a double-cell structure or a single-cell structure capable of suppressing formation of bubbles inside a liquid crystal layer or at the interface between a base film and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer under high-temperature and high-humidity reliability conditions is provided. An exemplary transmittance-variable film can be applied to various applications, including various construction or automotive materials that require control of transmittance, or eyewear, such as augmented reality experience or sports goggles, sunglasses or helmets.

Abstract: The present application relates to a light modulating device and an eyewear. The present application can provide a light modulation device having both excellent mechanical properties and optical properties by applying a polymer film that is also optically anisotropic and mechanically anisotropic to a substrate.

Abstract: The present application relates to a light modulation device and a use thereof. The present application can provide a light modulation device having both excellent mechanical properties and optical properties by applying a polymer film that is also optically anisotropic and mechanically anisotropic to a substrate.

Abstract: A transmittance-variable device is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a transmittance-variable device includes first and second guest host layers, the first and second guest host layers are superposed, wherein each of the first and second guest host layers comprise a liquid crystal host and a dichroic dye guest, and wherein the device is capable of switching between a transparent mode and a black mode. The transmittance-variable device can exhibit high transmittance in the transparent state and a high shielding rate in the black state, and can exhibit a high contrast ratio even at the inclination angle, and exhibit excellent viewing angle symmetry in all directions. Such a transmittance-variable device can be applied to various applications including various architectural or automotive materials which need to adjust the transmittance, or eyewear such as goggles for augmented reality experience or sports, sunglasses or helmets.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an optical device and an optical device is provided. The manufacturing method is capable of minimizing or eliminating dotting unevenness that may occur when an optical device is manufactured by a dotting process. In particular, even when a large cell gap is present or a polymer substrate is applied as a substrate so that high-temperature heat treatment is impossible, such method of the present application can provide an alignment film having improved orientation by improving the dotting unevenness.

Abstract: A reflectance-variable mirror using a liquid crystal cell is disclosed herein. In an embodiment, the reflectance-variable mirror may comprise a first liquid crystal cell including a guest host liquid crystal layer, a first reflective polarizing film, a second liquid crystal cell including a retardation-variable liquid crystal layer, a second reflective polarizing film and an absorbing plate sequentially. The reflectance-variable mirror can realize excellent reflectance-variable characteristics by lowering the reflectance in an antireflection mode.

Abstract: Methods, systems and devices for efficiently performing a read fail recovery operation are described. An exemplary data storage device includes a nonvolatile memory device including a page group in which program-completed pages and program-in-progress pages are mixed, a buffer memory configured to buffer data and an XOR parity to be stored in pages of the page group. The data storage device also includes a recovery circuit configured to recover an error of read-failed data, and a processor configured to control the recovery circuit to read data and an XOR parity corresponding to the program-in-progress pages from the buffer memory. The processor is also configured to recover the error of the read-failed data using data corresponding to remaining program-completed pages other than a page in which the read-failed data is stored among the program-completed pages, and the data and the XOR parity read from the buffer memory.

Abstract: The present application relates to an optical element, a driving method of the optical element, a transmittance-variable device and a use thereof. In one example, the present application may provide a driving method suppressing a back-flow phenomenon caused by a bulk liquid crystal compound even when a cell gap of a liquid crystal layer becomes thick. The driving method may ensure excellent response speeds and driving characteristics.

Abstract: A light modulation device is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a light modulation device includes a first polymer film substrate, a second polymer film substrate, an active liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second polymer film substrates, a reflective layer, wherein the active liquid crystal layer is capable of switching between a first orientation state and a second orientation state different from the first orientation state upon application of a voltage, each of the polymer film substrates has an in-plane retardation of 4,000 nm or more for light having a wavelength of 550 nm, a ratio of an elongation (E1) in a first direction to an elongation (E2) in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction of 3 or more, and wherein an angle formed by the first directions of the first and second polymer film substrates is in a range of 0 degrees to 10 degrees.

Abstract: A light modulation device is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a light modulation device includes a first polymer film substrate, a second polymer film substrate, an active liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second polymer film substrates, wherein the active liquid crystal layer is capable of switching between a first orientation state and a second orientation state when a voltage is applied, and a polarizer, wherein each of the first and second polymer film substrates have in-plane retardation of 4,000 nm or more for light having a wavelength of 550 nm, a ratio of an elongation (E1) in a first direction to an elongation (E2) in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction of 3 or more, and wherein an angle formed by the first directions of the first and second polymer film substrates is in a range of 0 degrees to 10 degrees.

Abstract: A light modulation device is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a light modulation device includes a first polymer film substrate, a second polymer film substrate, an active liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second polymer film substrates, wherein the active liquid crystal layer is capable of switching between a vertical orientation state and a twisting orientation state upon application of a voltage, each of the first and second polymer film substrates has an in-plane retardation of 4,000 nm or more for light having a wavelength of 550 nm, a ratio of an elongation (E1) in a first direction to an elongation (E2) in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction of 3 or more, and wherein an angle formed by the first directions of the first and second polymer film substrates is in a range of 0 degrees to 10 degrees.

Abstract: The present application relates to a light modulation device and a use thereof. The present application can provide a light modulation device having both excellent mechanical properties and optical properties by applying a polymer film that is also optically anisotropic and mechanically anisotropic to a substrate.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition includes any of an extract of Magnoliae flos, a fraction or an active fraction obtained by fractionation thereof with an organic solvent, and a compound separated therefrom as an active ingredient. The extract of Magnoliae flos, the fraction or the active fraction obtained by fractionation thereof with an organic solvent, or the compound separated therefrom inhibits the expression of MUC5AC induced by TNF-? and the promoter activity in human lung cancer mucosal cells (H292), reduces the number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mouse model, inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species, and reduces the cytokines; and therefore are effective in preventing or treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition includes any of an extract of Magnoliae flos, a fraction or an active fraction obtained by fractionation thereof with an organic solvent, and a compound separated therefrom as an active ingredient. The extract of Magnoliae flos, the fraction or the active fraction obtained by fractionation thereof with an organic solvent, or the compound separated therefrom inhibits the expression of MUC5AC induced by TNF-? and the promoter activity in human lung cancer mucosal cells (H292), reduces the number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mouse model, inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species, and reduces the cytokines; and therefore are effective in preventing or treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.